References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1820 January 12 Royal Astronomical Society founded in England. [1] January 17 Daniel W Wyttenbach Dutch classicist/historian, dies at age 73. [1] January 25 Joseph F Weigl German/Austria violin cellist, dies at age 79. [1] January 29 George III king of Great Britain (1760-1820), dies at age 81. [1] January 30 Edward Bransfield aboard Williams discovers Antarctica (United Kingdom claim). [1] February 6 86 free black colonists sail from New York City, New York to Sierra Leone, Africa. [1] US population announced at 9,638,453 (1,771,656 blacks (18.4%)). [1] February 7 Samuel Adams Holyoke composer, dies at age 57. [1] February 12 Guillaume Albert Teniers composer, dies at age 71. [1] February 14 Charles F Duke of Berry, murdered at age 42. [1] February 15 Pierre-Joseph Cambon member of Committee the Salut Public, dies at age 63. [1] William Ellery US attorney (signed Declaration of Independence), dies at age 92. [1] February 23 Cato Street conspiracy uncovered. [1] February 28 Birth of John Tenniel England, cartoonist/illustrator (Alice in Wonderland). [1] March 3 Missouri Compromise passes, allowing slavery in Missouri. [1] March 5 Dutch city of Leeuwarden forbids Jews to go to synagogues on Sundays. [1] March 9 James Monroe's daughter Maria marries in the White House. [1] Philippines chases out foreigners; about 125 die. [1] March 11 Benjamin West British painter (Death of General Wolfe), dies at age 81. [1] March 15 Maine admitted as 23rd state. [1] March 22 Stephen Decatur killed in a duel with Com James Barron, at age 41. [1] March 25 Greece freedom revolt against anti Ottoman attack. [1] March 26 Jean-Etienne Despreaux composer, dies at age 71. [1] April 5 Henrik C Cras lawyer (Laudatio Hugonis Grotii), dies at age 81. [1] April 8 The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Melos. [5] April 20 Arthur Young author (Annals of Agriculture), dies. [1] May 10 Matthaus Stegmayer composer, dies at age 49. [1] May 13 The opera "Die Jäearsbraut" is completed. [1] May 14 Paul Friedrich Struck composer, dies at age 43. [1] June 28 Tomato is proven nonpoisonous. [1] August 7 First potatoes planted in Hawaii. [1] September 26 Daniel Boone frontiersman, dies in Missouri at age 85. [1] October 9 Guayaquil, Ecuador declares its freedom from Ecuador. [1] November 3 Cuenca, Ecuador declares independence. [1] November 18 US Navy Captain Nathaniel B Palmer discovers Antarctica. [1] December 6 US President James Monroe re-elected, Daniel D Tompkins Vice-President. [1] December 15 First general pharmacopoeia in US published, Boston. [1] December 20 Missouri imposes a $1 bachelor tax on unmarried men between 21 and 50. [1] December 21 Charles-François Dumonchau composer, dies at age 45. [1] 1821 January 4 Elizabeth Ann Seton first native-born American saint, dies in Maryland. [1] January 17 México permits Moses Austin and 300 US families to settle in Texas. [1] January 21 Paramaribo Suriname catches fire, four die. [1] January 25 Johan Valckenier Dutch politician/patriot, dies at age 62. [1] January 28 Bellingshausen discovers Alexander Island off Antarctica. [1] February 8 Paul Anton Wineberger composer, dies at age 62. [1] February 12 Mercantile Library of the City of New York opens. [1] February 22 Spain sells (east) Florida to United States for $5 million. [1] February 23 College of Apothecaries organized in Philadelphia; first US pharmacy college. [1] John Keats Romantic poet, dies of tuberculosis at age 25 in Rome. [1] Marie-Anne Collot French sculptor, dies. [1] February 24 Mexico gains independence from Spain. [1] March 5 Monroe is first President inaugurated on March 5th, because 4th was Sunday. [1] March 14 African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church founded (New York). [1] March 23 Bernhard Anselm Weber pianist/conductor/composer, dies at age 56. [1] March 25 Greece gains independence from Turkey (National Day). [1] March 26 Franz Grillparzer's "Das Goldene Vliess" premieres in Vienna. [1] April 9 Felix Maximo Lopez composer, dies at age 78. [1] April 20 Franz K Achard German physicist/chemist, dies at age 67. [1] April 22 John Crome [Old Crome] English landscape painter/etcher, dies at age 52. [1] May 5 Napoleon I Bonaparte emperor France (1799-1815), dies in Saint Helena. [1] May 15 John Wall Calcott composer, dies at age 54. [1] May 30 James Boyd patents Rubber Fire Hose. [1] May 31 Cathedral of Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary, first US Catholic cathedral, is dedicated in Baltimore. [1] June 18 The opera "Der Freischütz" is produced (Berlin). [1] June 21 African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AMEZ) Church organizes (New York City). [1] June 24 Battle of Carabobo; Bolívar defeats royalists outside of Caracas. [1] July 28 Peru declares independence from Spain (National Day). [1] August 10 Missouri admitted as 24th US state. [1] September 15 Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras and Nicaragua gain independ. [1] September 27 Mexican Empire declares its independence. [1] Revolutionary forces occupy Mexico City as Spanish withdraw. [1] November 9 First US pharmacy college holds first classes, Philadelphia. [1] December 1 Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) proclaims independence from Spain. [1] December 16 Claire countess the Rémusat/Vergennes/author (Salon), dies at age 41. [1] December 17 Kentucky abolishes debtors prisons. [1] December 20 Gian Francesco Fortunati composer, dies at age 75. [1] December 28 Naples: Gioacchini Rossini moves to Bologna. [1] December 29 Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau de Bergendael South Netherlands general, dies at age 61. [1] December 30 Angelo Maria Benincori composer, dies at age 42. [1] 1822 January 5 Central America proclaims annexation to Mexican Empire. [1] January 7 First printing in Hawaii. [1] Liberia colonized by Americans. [1] January 14 Franz Innocenz Joseph Kobell German landscape painter, dies at age 72. [1] February 2 Jean-Baptiste Davaux composer, dies at age 79. [1] February 4 Free American Blacks settle Liberia, West Africa. [1] February 5 Ali Pasha of Janina (Napoleon, Lord Byron), dies at about age 77. [1] February 9 American Indian Society organizes. [1] February 10 Albert-Kasimir duke of Saxon-Teschen/Governor of Hungary, dies at age 83. [1] February 19 Jeronymo Francisco de Lima composer, dies at age 78. [1] February 22 Johann Ignaz Walter composer, dies at age 66. [1] February 23 Boston is incorporated as a city. [1] March 2 Christian Friedrich Hermann Uber composer, dies at age 40. [1] March 3 Franz Adam Veichtner composer, dies at age 81. [1] March 9 Charles M Graham of New York patents artificial teeth. [1] March 16 Composer Gioacchino Rossini marries Spanish soprano. [1] March 19 Boston Massachusetts incorporated as a city. [1] March 22 Gioacchino Rossini marries Isabella Colbran in Bologna. [1] New York Horticultural Society founded. [1] March 30 US Congress combined East and West Florida into Florida Territory. [1] April 3 Friedrich Bertuch writer, dies. [1] April 6 Franz Xaver Partsch composer, dies at age 62. [1] April 13 Gaetano Valeri composer, dies at age 61. [1] April 25 Frederick "William" Herschel German/British astronomer, dies at age 83. [1] May 1 John Phillips becomes first mayor of Boston. [1] May 3 Society for the Propagation of the Faith starts (Lyon, France). [1] May 9 Charles Duquesnoy composer, dies at age 62. [1] May 15 Christian Ludwig Dieter composer, dies at age 64. [1] May 24 At Battle of Pichincha, Bolívar secures independence of Quito from Spain. [1] May 30 House slave betrays Denmark Vesey conspiracy (37 blacks hanged). [1] June 9 Charles Graham receives first patent for false teeth. [1] June 18 Part of US-Canadian boundary determined. [1] July 2 Denmark Vesey and five aides hanged at Blake's Landing, Charleston, South Carolina. [1] July 25 General Agustín de Iturbide crowned Agustín I, first emperor of México. [1] July 30 James Varick becomes first bishop of Afr Meth Episcopal Zion Church. [1] August 25 William Herschel discovered Uranus, dies at age 85. [1] September 7 Brazil declares independence from Portugal (National Day). [1] October 8 First eruption of Galunggung (Java) sends boiling sludge into valley. [1] October 12 Second eruption of Galunggung (Java) destroys summit of mountain. [1] December 1 Dom Pedro crowned emperor of Brazil. [1] Franz Liszts (11) debut as pianist Isabella Colbran. [1] December 2 In San Salvador, a congress proposes incorporation into US. [1] December 6 Veterinary school in Utrecht opens. [1] December 12 México officially recognized as an independent nation by US. [1] December 15 Ferenc Verseghy composer, dies at age 65. [1] December 29 Albert Christoph Dies composer, dies at age 67. [1] 1823 January 17 Zacharius Werner German playwright, dies at age 36. [1] January 27 President Monroe appoints first US ambassadors to South America. [1] February 2 Rossini's opera "Semiramide" premieres in Venice. [1] February 3 The opera "Semiramide" is produced (Venice). [1] February 7 Ann Radcliffe (Ward) English poet/author of horror novels, dies at age 58. [1] February 16 Johann Gottfried Schict composer, dies at age 69. [1] February 20 English Captain James Weddell reaches 74 degrees 15' S, 1520 km from South Pole. [1] February 26 John P Kemble English actor/director (Covent Garden), dies at age 66. [1] March 11 First normal school in US opens, Concord Academy, Concord Vermont. [1] March 18 Jean-Baptiste Sebastien Breval composer, dies at age 69. [1] March 24 Cornelis van Foreest Dutch mayor (Alkmaar), dies at age 66. [1] March 25 Coelestin Jungbauer composer, dies at age 75. [1] April 22 Baltic Club (Exchange) forms in London. [1] April 24 Eugène Scribes "Le Menteur Véridique", premieres in Paris France. [1] May 8 "Home Sweet Home" first sung (London). [1] May 10 First steamboat to navigate the Mississippi River arrives at Fort Snelling. [1] May 15 Antonio Frantisek Becvarovsky composer, dies at age 69. [1] June 1 Louis Nicholas Davout French field marshall, dies at age 53. [1] July 1 United Provinces of Central America gain independence from Mexico. [1] September 10 Simon Bolivar named president of Peru. [1] September 21 Moroni first appears to Joseph Smith, according to Smith. [1] October 12 Charles Macintosh of Scotland begins selling raincoats (Macs). [1] [5] December 2 President James Monroe declares his "Monroe Doctrine". [1] December 3 Joseph Pouteau composer, dies at age 84. [1] December 7 Johann Gottlieb Schwencke composer, dies at age 79. [1] December 13 Gioacchino Rossini arrives in London. [1] December 14 Vincenzo Cuoco Italian historian (Naple revolution 1799), dies at age 53. [1] December 19 Georgia passes first US state birth registration law. [1] Nicolas-Joseph Hullmandel composer, dies at age 67. [1] December 20 Franz Schuberts "Ballet-Musik aus Rosamunde" premieres in Vienna. [1] December 23 "Visit from Saint Nicholas" by C Moore published in Troy (New York) Sentinel. [1] December 24 Philipp Christoph Kayser composer, dies at age 68. [1] 1824 January 10 Victor Emanuel I king of Sardinia (1802-21), dies at age 64. [1] January 21 Ashantees defeat British at Accra, West Africa. [1] January 26 Edward Jenner discoverer (vaccination), dies. [1] Théodore Géricault French painter (Grand Derby d'Epsom), dies. [1] January 28 William Kneass becomes third US chief engraver (1824-40). [1] January 29 Louise MC countess of Albany Henegouws salon owner, dies at age 71. [1] February 1 Maria Theresia von Paradis composer, dies at age 64. [1] February 4 J W Goodrich introduces rubber galoshes to the public. [1] February 8 Rhijnvis Feith Dutch mayor/writer (Zwolle, Julia), dies at age 71. [1] February 9 Anna K Emmerick/Emmerich German poet, dies at age 49. [1] February 10 Simon Bolívar named dictator by the Congress of Perú. [1] February 16 Athenaeum founded. [1] February 22 John Davy composer, dies at age 60. [1] March 2 Interstate commerce comes under federal control. [1] March 3 Giovanni Battista Viotti Italian violist/composer, dies at age 70. [1] March 7 Meyerbeers opera "Il Crociati in Egitto" premieres in Venice. [1] March 9 Jacobus J Cramer priest of Holland/Zealand/Friesland, dies at age 79. [1] March 11 US War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs. [1] March 12 Heinrich Carl Ebell composer, dies at age 48. [1] March 17 England and Netherlands sign a trade agreement. [1] March 21 Fire at Cairo ammunitions dump kills 4,000 horses. [1] March 22 Johann Melchior Dreyer composer, dies at age 76. [1] March 26 First performance of Beethoven's "Missa Solemnis". [1] April 15 Theodorus F van Capellen Vice-Admiral (Algiers), dies at age 61. [1] April 17 Russia abandons all North American claims south of 54 degrees 40' N. [1] April 18 Edward Jones composer, dies at age 72. [1] April 19 [George Gorden Noel] "Lord" Byron poet, dies at age 36. [1] April 24 Herman Muntinghe theologist (History of Mankind), dies at age 71. [1] May 2 Goethe visits Ettersberg (Buchenwald). [1] May 7 Beethoven's 9th (Chorale) Symphony, premieres in Vienna. [1] May 15 Alexander Campbell composer, dies at age 60. [1] May 24 Pope Leo XII proclaims a universal jubilee. [1] May 26 Brazil is recognized by US. [1] June 8 Washing machine patented by Noah Cushing of Quebec. [1] July 24 Harrisburg Pennsylvanian newspaper publishes results of first public. [1] September 26 Kapiolani defies Pele (Hawaiian volcano goddess) and lives. [1] October 4 Mexico becomes a republic. [1] November 2 Popular presidential vote first recorded; Jackson beats J.Q. Adams. [1] November 15 Series of fires kills 10 (Edinburgh Scotland). [1] November 21 First Jewish Reform congregation established, Charleston, South Carolina. [1] December 1 House of Representatives begins to end election deadlock between John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Harris Crawford and Henry Clay - Adams eventually declared president. [1] December 9 Battle of Ayacucho (Candorcangui), Peru defeats Spain. [1] December 16 Great North Holland Canal opens. [1] December 25 Barbara Krudener mystic visionary who renounced nobility, dies at age 60. [1]