References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 April 30.

1923 January 1 Union of Socialist Soviet Republics established. [1] January 2 Ku Klux Klan surprise attack on black residential area Rosewood Florida, 8 killed (compensation awarded in 1995). [1] Sam Carter black resident of Rosewood Florida, lynched by KKK. [1] January 3 Jaroslav Hasek Czech writer (Good Soldier Schweyk), dies at 39. [1] January 4 First broadcast of "Barn Dance Show" (WBAP - Fort Worth Texas). [1] Lenin's "Political Testament" calls for removal of Stalin. [1] January 7 Baltimore Sun warns of Ku Klux Klan. [1] January 8 Typography strike in Amsterdam. [1] January 9 Juan de la Cierva makes first autogiro (helicopter) flight, Spain. [1] Katherine Mansfield New Zealand/British writer (Dove's Nest), dies at 34. [1] January 10 Last US troops leave Rhineland (Germany). [1] Lithuania seizes and annexes country of Memel. [1] January 11 First Dutch Dada-evening (Theo Van Doesburg and Kurt Schwitters). [1] Constantine I king of Greece (1913-17, 20-22), dies at 54. [1] French and Belgian troops occupy Ruhr to collect reparations. In protest, Berlin ceases payment of all reparations. [1] [37] January 15 Lithuania seizes and annexes the country of Memel. [1] January 17 Belgian Working people Party protest against occupied Ruhrgebied. [1] Origin of Brown lunation numbers. [1] January 18 First radio telegraph message from Netherlands to Dutch East Indies. [1] January 19 WMC-AM in Memphis Tennessee begins radio transmissions. [1] January 22 Max Nordau [Südfeld], German physician/zionists leader, dies at 73. [1] January 23 Taxi strike in Amsterdam begins (through March 9th). [1] January 24 Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico established. [1] January 25 NVV donates 100,000 gulden to mine workers of Ruhrgebied. [1] January 28 First "Reichs Party" (NSDAP) forms in Munich. [1] Demonstration against a Dutch University in Ghent. [1] NSDAP first election in Munich. [1] January 29 First flight of the autogiro (Juan de la Cierva, Madrid Spain). [1] February 1 Allied ultimatum on Lithuanian occupation of Memel. [1] Fascists Voluntary Militia forms in Italy under Mussolini. [1] Noël Coward's "Young Idea" premieres in London. [1] February 2 Ethyl gasoline first marketed, Dayton Ohio. [1] US signs friendship treaty with Central American countries. [1] February 5 General mine strike against wage cuts in Saar. [1] Mass arrests of socialists and communists in Italy. [1] February 6 Edward E Barnard US astronomer (5th moon Jupiter), dies at 65. [1] February 8 Coal mine explosion at Dawson New Mexico kills 120. [1] German NSDAP Volkischer Beobachter newspaper becomes a daily. [1] February 9 Soviet Aeroflot airlines established. [1] February 10 Ink paste manufactured for first time by Standard Ink Company. [1] Owen Davis' "Icebound" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] SDAP speaks out against allied occupation of Ruhrgebied. [1] Wilhelm Konrad von Rontgen physicist (Nobel Prize 1901), dies at 77. [1] February 15 Josephine B Willson Bruce US black theorist, dies at 69. [1] February 16 Allies accept Latvia's occupation of Memel territory. [1] February 18 Belgium Borinage-mine workers strike for higher wages. [1] February 19 Jean Sibelius' 6th Symphony, premieres. [1] Jeronimo Gimenez y Bellido composer, dies at 68. [1] Philip Barry's "You and I" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] February 20 Christy Mathewson becomes president of Boston Braves. [1] February 21 André Charlot's musical "Rats" premieres in London. [1] February 22 First successful chinchilla farm in US (Los Angeles California). [1] The United States begins the first transcontinental air mail route. [1] [5] February 23 German Republic day with laws against worker. [1] Great Britain lowers import duty on German products from 26% to 5%. [1] February 24 Flying Scotsman goes into service. [1] Mass arrests in US of Mafia. [1] February 25 Bread in Berlin rises to 2,000 mark. [1] February 26 Italian nationalist and fascists merge (blue-shirts and black-shirts). [1] February 27 Charles Francis Abdy Williams composer, dies at 67. [1] February 28 Swedish king Gustaaf V begins state visit to Netherlands. [1] March 1 Allies occupy Ruhrgebied; killing railroad striker. [1] March 2 Time magazine debuts. [1] March 3 Time magazine publishes first issue. [1] US Senate rejects membership in International Court of Justice, The Hague. [1] March 4 Lenin's last article in Pravda (about Red bureaucracy). [1] March 5 Montana and Nevada become first states to enact old age pension laws. [1] March 8 Johannes S van der Waals Dutch physicist (Nobel Prize 1910), dies at 85. [1] March 9 Amsterdam taxi strike ended. [1] Elmer Rice's "Adding Machine" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] March 13 Lee de Forest demonstrates his sound-on-film moving pictures (New York City, New York). [1] March 14 Allies accepts Vilnus taking East-Galicië in Poland. [1] German Supreme Court prohibits NSDAP. [1] President Warren G Harding became first President filing income tax report and pay taxes. [1] March 15 Lenin is hit with his third stroke. [1] March 16 Hugo von Hofmannsthal's "Der Unbestechliche" premieres in Vienna. [1] March 20 Bavarian minister of Interior refuses to forbid Nazi SA. [1] Belgian Senate rejects Dutch University in Ghent. [1] March 21 US foreign minister Charles Hughes refuses USSR recognition. [1] March 22 Theophile Delcassé French statesman, dies at 71. [1] March 23 Frank Silver and Irving Conn release "Yes, We Have No Bananas". [1] March 25 British government grants Trans-Jordan autonomy. [1] March 26 Sarah Bernhardt [Henriette-Rosine Bernard] actress (Qn Elizabeth), dies at 77. [1] March 30 Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, formed at Howard University in 1920, incorporates. [1] March 31 First dance marathon-New York City-Alma Cummings sets record of 27 hours. [1] French soldiers fire on workers at Krupp factory in Essen; 13 die. [1] April 4 L Martov [Joulij O Tsederbaum] Russian revolutionary, dies at 49. [1] April 5 Firestone Company puts their inflatable tires into production. [1] George Edward Stanhope Molyneúx Herbert 5th Earl of Carnarvon/egyptologist, dies at 56. [1] April 7 First brain tumor operation under local anesthetic performed (Beth Israel Hospital in New York City) by Dr K Winfield Ney. [1] Workers Party of America (New York City) becomes official communist party. [1] April 9 Mauritius H Binger director/producer (Living Ladder), dies. [1] Sean O'Casey's "Shadow of a Gunman", premieres in Dublin. [1] April 10 Hitler demands "hatred and more hatred" in Berlin. [1] April 14 Etienne Oehmichen sets helicopter distance record of 358 metres. [1] April 15 Insulin first becomes generally available for use by diabetics. [5] First sound on film public performance shown at Rialto Theater (New York City). [1] April 18 74,000 (62,281 paid) on hand for opening of Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, New York. [1] [5] Poland annexes Central Lithuania. [1] April 19 New Egyptian law allows suffrage for men, except soldiers. [1] Thomas Paine Westendorf composer, dies at 75. [1] April 24 Colonel Jacob Schick patents Schick shavers. [1] General harbor strike begins in New York City, New York. [1] April 26 English prince Albert (George VI) marries lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. [1] April 27 Mussolini government italian place in South Tirol/Alto Adige. [1] May 3 First nonstop transcontinental flight (New York-San Diego) completed. [1] May 4 Bloody street battles between Nazis, socialist and police in Vienna. [1] New York state revokes Prohibition law. [1] May 7 Mine strike at Belgian Borinage railroad. [1] May 8 Hobbs scores his 100th 100, 116 vs Somerset at Bath. [1] May 10 Vaslav Vorovsky Russian delegate, assassinated. [1] May 13 Pulitzer prize awarded to Willa Carter (One of Ours). [1] May 15 Cooperation of Dutch Molen forms. [1] May 17 Fire during closing day ceremonies at Grover Cleveland School (South Carolina). [1] May 19 KPD (communist revolts) in German Ruhr cities occupied by Allies. [1] May 20 Hans Goldschmidt German chemist, dies. [1] Stanley Baldwin, becomes Prime Minister of United Kingdom. [1] May 22 Stanley Baldwin succeeds Andrew Bonar Law as British premier. [1] May 23 First flight of Sabena: Brussel-Lympne, Great Britain. [1] May 25 Britain recognizes Transjordan with Abdullah as its leader. [1] May 26 Socialist Workers Youth International forms in Hamburg. [1] May 28 Attorney General says it is legal for women to wear trousers anywhere. [1] US unemployment has nearly ended. [1] May 29 Adolf Oberländer German painter, dies. [1] May 30 Camille Chevillard composer, dies at 63. [1] Howard Hanson's first Symphony "Nordic" premieres. [1] May 31 China and USSR exchange diplomats. [1] June 8 S Belyavskij discovers asteroid #995 Sternberga. [1] June 12 Harry Houdini frees himself from a straitjacket while suspended. [1] June 14 President Harding is first US president to use radio, dedicating the. [1] June 21 Marcus Garvey sentenced to five years for using the mail to defraud. [1] June 27 Birth of Paul F Conrad Cedar Rapids Iowa, cartoonist (Pulitzer 1964, 71, 84). [1] June 29 General JC Gomez Venezuala's first Vice President, assassinated. [1] June 30 New Zealand claims Ross Dependency in Antarctica. [1] July 6 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed. [1] July 7 University of Delaware invents the "junior year abroad" (at Sorbonne). [1] July 8 Harding becomes first sitting president to visit Alaska (Metlakahtla). [1] July 10 2-pound hailstones kill 23 and many cattle. (Rostov, Russia). [1] All non-fascist parties disolved in Italy. [1] July 12 K Reinmuth discovers asteroids #997 Priska and #3682. [1] July 13 The Hollywood Sign (reading "Hollywoodland") is officially dedicated in Los Angeles. [5] July 19 WRC-AM in Washington DC begins radio transmissions. [1] July 21 Philadelphia Phillies score 12 in 6th and beat Chicago Cubs 17-4. [1] July 24 Allied Powers and Turkey sign peace treaty, Lausanne. [1] July 30 New Zealand claims Ross Dependency. [1] August 2 President Harding dies at Palace Hotel, San Francisco. [1] August 5 First American to swim the English Channel (Henry Sullivan). [1] August 9 New York State Golf Association formed. [1] August 12 Enrico Tiraboschi is first to swim English Channel westward. [1] August 13 Mustapha Kemal elected president of Turkey. [1] September 1 Earthquake strikes Tokyo and Yokohama, kills 106,000. [1] September 3 Birth of Mort Walker cartoonist (Beetle Bailey). [1] September 4 The first U.S. airship, the USS Shenandoah, makes its maiden flight. [5] September 5 Flyweights Gene LaRue and Kid Pancho KO each other simultaneously. [1] September 11 The ZR-1 (biggest active dirigible) flies over NY's tallest skyscraper, the Woolworth Tower. [1] September 12 Britain takes over Southern Rhodesia from British South Africa Co. [1] September 14 Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain. [1] September 22 Marquess of Ripon game hunter, dies, after shooting 52nd grouse. [1] September 27 Lou Gehrig's first homer. [1] September 29 Steinhart Aquarium in Golden Gate Park opens to public. [1] October 5 Edwin Hubble identifies Cepheid variable star. [1] October 6 USSR adopts experimental calendar. [1] October 11 German mark falls to 10 billion per £, 4 billion per $. [1] October 16 Walt and Roy Disney, as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, sign a contract with M.J. Winkler Productions, a New York film distributor, to produce six Alice Comedy short films, for US$1500 each, with an option for six more. (This date is considered the beginning of the Disney studio.) [6] October 21 Deutsches Museum, München, first Walther Bauersfeld Zeiss Planetarium. [1] October 27 Birth of Roy Lichtenstein US, Pop art painter; painted comic book panels. [1] October 29 "Runnin' Wild" (introducing the Charleston) opens on Broadway. [1] Turkey proclaimed a republic (National Day). [1] November 3 Swedish Crown Prince Gustav Adolf marries Lady Louise Mountbatten in the Chapel Royal at St. James' Palace in England, hosted by King George V. [7] November 6 USSR adopts experimental calendar, with 5-day "weeks". [1] November 9 Beer Hall Putsch-NAZIs fail to overthrow government in Germany. [1] November 22 Coolidge pardons WW I German spy Lothar Witzke, sentenced to death. [1] December 2 Tomas Breton y Hernandez composer, dies at 72. [1] December 3 First Congressional open session broadcast via radio (Washington DC). [1] December 4 Cecil B DeMille's first version of "Ten Commandments" premieres. [1] WEAF radio begins broadcasting Eveready Hour (variety show). [1] [Auguste-]Maurice Barrès French writer/parliament leader, dies at 61. [1] December 6 First presidential address broadcast on radio (President Calvin Coolidge). [1] December 8 Dom Joseph Pothier French Benedictine/musicologist, dies at 88. [1] German-US friendship treaty signed. [1] Labour/Liberals win British parliament. [1] Salary and price freeze in Germany. [1] December 10 Polish government of Grabski, forms. [1] December 12 Raymond Radiguet French journalist/writer (Ball du Comte), dies at 20. [1] December 14 Gerard K "Simon" van het Reve, Dutch writer (Evenings). [1] Giuseppi Gallignani composer, dies at 72. [1] December 16 Pongrac Kacsoh composer, dies at 50. [1] December 17 Greek king George II overthrown by army/republic. [1] December 18 International zone of Tangier set up in Morocco. [1] December 21 Nepal changes from British protectorate to independent nation. [1] December 22 Arthur H Bird composer, dies at 67. [1] Bill Ponsford and Edgar Mayne make 456 opening stand for Victoria. [1] December 25 Imperial Theater opens at 249 W 45th Steet New York City. [1] December 27 Unsuccessful attempt on prince-regent Hirohito of Japan. [1] December 28 Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel engineer (Eiffel Tower), dies at 91. [1] George Bernard Shaw's "St Joan" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] December 31 First transatlantic radio broadcast of a voice, Pittsburgh-Manchester. [1] BBC begins using Big Ben chime ID. [1] Harry Tierney/Joseph McCarthy's musical "Kid Boots" premieres in New York City, New York. [1]