References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 April 30.

1825 January 3 Scottish factory owner Robert Owen buys 30,000 acres in Indiana as site for New Harmony utopian community. [1] January 4 Ferdinand I King of Sicily/Naples (Ferdinand IV), dies at 73. [1] January 5 Alexandre Dumas pare fights his first duel; his pants fall down. [1] January 8 Inventor Eli Whitney dies. [5] January 19 Ezra Daggett and nephew Thomas Kensett patent food storage in tin cans. [1] January 25 First US engineering college opens, Rensselaer Polytechnic, Troy New York. [1] February 3 Dutch North Sea coast floods. [1] February 5 Hannah Lord Montague of New York creates first detachable shirt collar. [1] Pierre Gaveaux composer, dies at 64. [1] February 9 House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams 6th US President. [1] February 10 Paul van Hemert Dutch theologist/philosopher (Kant), dies at 68. [1] February 12 Creek Indian treaty signed; Tribal chiefs agree to turn over all their land in Georgia to the government and migrate west by Sept 1, 1826. [1] February 16 George Gerson composer, dies at 34. [1] February 19 Franz Grillparzer's "König Ottokars Glück" premieres in Vienna. [1] February 22 Russia and Britain establish Alaska-Canada boundary. [1] February 24 Thomas Bowdler self-appointed Shakespearean censor, dies. [1] March 2 First grand opera in US sung in English, New York City, New York. [1] March 4 John Quincy Adams inaugrated as 6th President. [1] March 24 Giovanni Domenico Perotti composer, dies at 64. [1] March 25 Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck Dutch patriot/earl, dies at 63. [1] April 10 First hotel in Hawaii opens. [1] Nicaraguan constituent assembly meets at León. [1] Paul-Louis Courier (Méré), French writer/interpreter, dies at 53. [1] April 13 Josef Gelinek composer, dies at 66. [1] April 16 John Henry Fuseli painter/art writer (Tracks in the Snow), dies at 84. [1] April 19 33 patriotic exiles return to Uruguay. [1] May 7 Antonio Salieri Italian composer, dies in Vienna at 74. [1] May 12 Elias Mann composer, dies at 75. [1] Stanislao Mattei composer, dies at 75. [1] May 20 Charles X becomes King of France. [1] May 21 Prince Willem FK marries Louise AWA of Prussia. [1] May 22 Domenico Corri composer, dies at 80. [1] May 25 American Unitarian Association founded. [1] June 4 Unseasonable hurricane hits New York City. [1] August 6 Bolivia gains independence from Peru (National Day). [1] August 25 Uruguay declares independence from Brazil (National Day). [1] October 26 The Erie Canal opens passage from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, to Lake Erie. [1] [5] November 22 Ann Bailey pioneer, dies. [1] November 26 First college fraternity founded (Kappa Alpha (Union College, New York)). [1] November 29 First Italian opera, Barber of Seville, produced in US (New York City). [1] December 1 Aleksandr I P Romanov czar of Russia (1801-25), dies at 47. [1] December 6 President John Adams suggests establishment of a US observatory. [1] December 14 Decembrist uprising in Russia against Tsar Nicholas I begins. [1] December 26 Erie Canal opens. [1] December 27 First public railroad using steam locomotive completed in England. [1] December 29 Giuseppe Maria Gioacchino Cambini composer, dies. [1] Jacques-Louis David French painter (Death of Marat), dies at 77. [1] December 30 Peter Gronland composer, dies at 64. [1] 1826 January 1 Baron Van der Capellen resigns as Governor of Dutch-Indies. [1] January 17 Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga y Balzola Spanish composer, dies at 19. [1] February 11 London University founded. [1] February 13 American Temperance Society, forms in Boston. [1] February 25 Piotr A von der Pahlen military governor of Saint Petersburg, dies at 60. [1] February 28 M Biela, an Austrian officer, discovers Biela's Comet. [1] March 1 J J Friedrich Weinbrenner German architect/archaeologist, dies at 59. [1] March 4 First US railroad chartered, Granite Railway in Quincy Massachusetts. [1] March 10 Johan VI M L J King of Portugal (1816-26), dies at 56. [1] March 11 Gervais-François Couperin composer, dies at 66. [1] March 14 General Congress of South American States assembles at Panamá. [1] March 21 Beethoven's Quartet #13 in B flat major (Op 130) premieres in Vienna. [1] March 27 Jakob Haibel composer, dies at 63. [1] March 29 J H Voß writer, dies at 75. [1] April 1 Samuel Morey patents internal combustion engine. [1] [5] April 3 Reginald Heber bishop and hymn writer, dies. [1] April 12 Weber's opera "Oberon", premieres in London. [1] April 13 Franz Danzi composer, dies at 62. [1] April 23 Missolonghi captured by Turks. [1] May 10 Giuseppe Sigismondo composer, dies at 86. [1] May 24 Friedrich Fesca composer, dies at 37. [1] May 25 Christian Friedrich Ruppe composer, dies at 72. [1] July 4 John Adams and Thomas Jefferson second and third presidents, die. [1] July 18 The last lottery takes place in London, as the British government bans them. [40.12] July 22 Giuseppe Piazzi discoverer of first asteroid, dies. [1] August 19 Canada Co chartered to colonize Upper Canada (Ontario). [1] September 3 USS Vincennes leaves New York to become first warship to circumnavigate globe. [1] October 7 Granite Railway (first chartered railway in US) begins operations. [1] December 7 John Flaxman English sculptor (tombs at Saint Paul's Cathedral), dies at 71. [1] December 10 Benedikt Emanuel Schack composer, dies at 68. [1] December 15 William Browser revolting slave, executed in New York City, New York. [1] 1827 January 1 Dutch Trade Company NHM gets opium monopoly on Java. [1] January 5 Frederick of York English duke/bishop/General , dies at 63. [1] January 17 Duke of Wellington appointed British supreme commander. [1] January 21 Freedom Journal, first Black paper, begins publishing. [1] January 30 Johann Philipp Christian Schulz composer, dies at 53. [1] February 2 Johann Nepomuk Kalcher composer, dies at 62. [1] February 7 Ballet (Deserter) introduced to US at Bowery Theater (New York City, New York). [1] Franz Anton Dimmler composer, dies at 73. [1] February 17 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Swiss educator, dies at 81. [1] February 26 David Moritz Michael composer, dies at 75. [1] February 27 First Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans Louisiana. [1] February 28 First commercial railroad in US, Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) chartered. [1] March 5 Alessandro Volta Italian physicist (made first battery), dies at 82. [1] March 9 Franz Xaver Gerl composer, dies at 62. [1] March 15 Freedom's Journal, first Black newspaper, publishes. [1] University of Toronto is chartered. [1] March 16 First US black newspaper, "Freedom's Journal" (New York City, New York), begins publishing. [1] March 26 Ludwig van Beethoven German composer (Appassionata), dies in Wien (Vienna) at 56. [1] March 29 20,000 attend Ludwig von Beethovens burial in Vienna. [1] April 2 Joseph Dixon begins manufacturing lead pencils. [1] April 7 English chemist John Walker invents wooden matches. [1] April 22 Thomas Rowlandson caricaturist, dies. [1] April 23 Johanna C Wattier-Ziesenis actress (Phaedra/Lady MacBeth), dies at 65. [1] April 24 Pierre Joseph Candielle composer, dies at 82. [1] April 26 Bernardo Ottani composer, dies at 90. [1] May 5 Frederik Augustus I Justified, King of Saxon (1806-27), dies at 76. [1] July 4 Slavery abolished in New York. [1] July 23 First US swim school opens (Boston Mass). [1] August 10 Race riots in Cincinnati (1,000 blacks leave for Canada). [1] November 28 Dov Baer Schneersohn Lubavitch leader/author (Imirei Binah), dies. [1] December 9 François Leonard Rouwyzer composer, dies at 90. [1] December 26 Jan David Holland composer, dies at 81. [1] 1828 January 5 First edition of Amsterdam General Trade Journal (Algemeen Handelsblad). [1] January 9 Pieter Hoen Dutch journalist/patriot (Neder-Rhijn), dies at 83. [1] January 13 Alexandre-Auguste Robineau composer, dies at 80. [1] January 31 Alexandros Ypsilanti Greek resistance fighter, dies at 35. [1] February 2 Frederik Sigismund Earl of Bylandt Vice-Admiral, dies at 78. [1] February 18 More than 100 vessels destroyed in a storm, Gibraltar. [1] February 21 First American Indian newspaper in US, Cherokee Phoenix (weekly), Georgia. [1] February 22 Russia and Persia sign Peace of Turkmantsjai. [1] February 23 Mihály Fazekar Hungarian botanist/literary (Book of Spices), dies. [1] February 25 John Quincy Adam's son John marries in the White House. [1] February 28 Franz Grillparzer's "Ein Treuer Diener" premieres in Vienna. [1] March 8 Johann Anton Sulzer composer, dies at 75. [1] March 24 Philadelphia and Columbia Railway (first state owned) authorized. [1] April 4 Casparus van Wooden patents chocolate milk powder (Amsterdam). [1] April 12 Jean Henri Appelius Dutch lawyer/minister of Finance, dies at 60. [1] April 14 18-gun sloop "Acorn" sinks off Halifax with 115 men aboard. [1] April 16 Francisco Goya y Lucientes Spanish painter/cartoonist, dies at 82. [1] April 21 Noah Webster publishes first American dictionary. [1] April 25 John Goldberg Dutch patriot/statesman, dies at 64. [1] April 26 Russia declares war on Turkey to support Greece's independence. [1] April 27 Zoological Gardens at Regent's Park London, opens. [1] April 30 Shaka the great Zulu king, killed. [1] May 13 US passes Tariff of Abominations. [1] May 18 Battle of Las Piedras, ends conflict between Uruguay and Brazil. [1] June 14 Charles Duke of Prussia, dies at 70. [1] July 4 Construction begins on Band O (Baltimore-Ohio) first US passenger railroad. [1] November 19 Franz Schubert Austrian composer, died. [1] December 2 Simon Paap Dutch 56 cm long dwarf/cabaret artist, dies at 39. [1] December 3 Andrew Jackson elected 7th President of US, John C Calhoun Vice-President. [1] December 19 South Carolina declares the right of states to nullify federal laws. [1] December 22 Rachel Jackson wife of 7th US President Andrew Jackson, dies. [1] December 28 6.8 earthquake strikes Echigo Japan, 30,000 killed. [1] December 30 Waldemar Thrane composer, dies at 38. [1] 1829 January 3 Robert Archibald Smith composer, dies at 48. [1] January 12 Death of Friedrich von Schlegel in Hannover, Germany; literary critic, cultural philosopher, poet. [1] [37] Michael Gottard Fischer composer, dies at 55. [1] January 19 Johann von Goethe's "Faust, Part 1" premieres. [1] January 25 William Shield composer, dies at 80. [1] January 28 William Burke murderer/body snatcher, executed in Edinburgh. [1] February 2 Madman Jonathan Martin sets York Cathedral afire, does £60,000 damage. [1] February 10 Leo XII [Annibale Sermattei], Italian Pope (1823-29), dies at 68. [1] February 16 François-Joseph Gossec Belgian/French composer (Messe of Morts), dies at 95. [1] February 18 Jan Krtitel Kuchar composer, dies at 77. [1] February 22 Adam A earl von Neipperg Austrian General, dies at 53. [1] February 24 Auguste Chouteau Saint Louis co-founder, dies. [1] March 2 New England Asylum for the Blind, first in US, incorporated, Boston. [1] March 4 Andrew Jackson inaugurated as 7th President. [1] Unruly crowd mobs White House during President Jackson inaugural ball. [1] March 16 Ohio authorizes high school night classes. [1] April 6 Niels H Able Norwegian mathematician (infinite series), dies at 26. [1] April 9 Danzig (Gdansk) dike break flood kills 1,200. [1] April 13 English Emancipation Act grants freedom of religion to Catholics. [1] April 28 Dutch parliament accepts new press laws. [1] April 30 George Washington Adams son of John Q Adams, dies on City Island New York City, New York. [1] May 8 Mauro Giuseppe Sergio Pantaleo Giuliani composer, dies at 47. [1] May 10 Thomas Young physicist/decipherer of Egyptian hierogolyphics, dies. [1] May 15 Joseph Smith ordained by John the Baptist according to Joseph Smith. [1] May 16 William Congreve English officer, dies at 56. [1] May 18 Bernardo Bittoni composer, dies at 72. [1] May 24 Pope Pius VIII issues his program for the pontificate. [1] May 29 Humphry Davy scientist/inventor (Miner's safety lamp), dies at 84. [1] June 27 James Smithson dies, his will established Smithsonian Institute. [1] July 4 Cornerstone laid for first US mint (Chestnut and Juniper Street, Philadelphia). [1] July 23 William Austin Burt patents "typographer" (typewriter). [1] August 9 "Stourbridge Lion" locomotive goes into service. [1] August 16 Siamese twins Chang and Eng Bunker arrive in Boston to be exhibited. [1] August 31 The opera "Guillaume Tell" is produced (Paris). [1] September 24 Russia and Ottoman Empire sign Peace Treaty of Adrianople. [1] September 28 Walker's Appeal, racial antislavery pamphlet, published in Boston. [1] September 29 London's Metropolitan Police Force goes on duty. [1] Scotland Yard formed in London. [1] October 15 Birth of Asaph Hall discovered satellites of Mars, Phobos and Deimos. [1] October 16 Tremont Hotel, first US modern hotel opens (Boston). [1] October 17 Delaware River and Chesapeake Bay Canal formally opened. [1] November 13 Sam Patch loses his life in a 125' dive into Genesse Falls. [1] November 20 Jews are expelled from Russia's Nikolayev and Sevastopol. [1] December 4 Britain abolished "suttee" in India (widow burning herself to death on her husband's funeral pyre. [1] December 7 Johann Christoph Kienlen composer, dies at 45. [1] December 14 Luigi Marchesi composer, dies at 74. [1] December 17 Bernard Jumentier composer, dies at 80. [1] December 18 Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck French nature investigator, dies at about 85. [1] December 21 First stone arch railroad bridge in US dedicated, Baltimore. [1]