References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 April 30.

1943 January 1 Count Claus von Stauffenberg promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel. [1] Adolf Hitler decides to scrap the High Seas Fleet, to use the men, guns, and armor-plating for better uses. [10] January 3 First missing persons telecast (New York City New York). [1] Canadian Army troops arrive in North Africa. [1] January 4 Thomas Mann completes his tetralogy, "Joseph and His Brothers". [1] January 5 George Washington Carver famous black American agricultural scientist dies at 81. [1] Teams agrees to start season later due to WWII. [1] William H Hastie, civilian aide to secretary of war, resigns to protest segregation in armed forces. [1] January 7 Nikola Tesla Yugoslavian physicist (tesla motor), dies at 86. [1] January 9 Japanese government in Java limits sale and use of motorcars. [1] Robin G Collingwood English philosopher (Roman Britain), dies at 53. [1] January 10 First US President to visit a foreign country in wartime-Franklin Roosevelt leaves for Casablanca, Morocco. [1] Agustin P Justo y Rolon President of Argentina (1931-38), dies at 66. [1] J Arthur S Berson Austrian meteorologist, dies at 83. [1] The Soviet Red Army breaks into Stalingrad. [10] January 11 Carlo Tresca NY's Italian newspaper editor/anti-fascist, murdered. [1] US and Britain relinquish extraterritorial rights in China. [1] January 12 Frankfurters replaced by Victory Sausages (mix of meat and soy meal). [1] Jan R T Campert Dutch resistance fighter/poet (18 Dead), dies at 40. [1] January 13 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrives in Casablanca. [1] Hitler declares "Total War". [1] Russian offensive at Don under General Golikov. [1] Sophie Taeuber/Täuber-Arp Swiss sculptor, dies at 53. [1] US infantry captures Galloping Horse-ridge Guadalcanal. [1] January 14 Adolf Sandberger composer, dies at 78. [1] British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin Roosevelt meet at Casablanca, Morocco, over eleven days. The decision is made to attack the island of Sicily. British Bomber Command is directed to focus on submarine bases on the Biscay coast in the short term, and submarine construction yards as long term targets. [10] Heinrich Himmler views Warsaw. [1] January 15 1,000 workers complete the air conditioning system for the Pentagon. [1] The world's largest office building, The Pentagon, is dedicated in Arlington, Virginia. [5] First transport of Jews from Amsterdam to concentration camp Vught. [1] Japanese driven off Guadalcanal. [1] January 16 -60 degrees F (-51 degrees C), Island Park Dam ID (state record). [1] First US air raid on Ambon. [1] Franz Courtens Flemish painter (Sunny Lane), dies at 88. [1] German second SS-Pantzer division evacuates Charkow. [1] Red Army recaptures Pitomnik airport at Stalingrad. [1] January 17 Tin Can Drive Day. [1] January 18 Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto begin resistance of Nazis. [1] Presliced bread sale banned to reduce bakery demand for metal parts. [1] Soviets announce they broke the long Nazi siege of Leningrad. [1] January 19 Joint Chiefs of Staff decide on invasion in Sicily. [1] January 20 Giacomo Benvenuti composer, dies at 57. [1] Lead South Dakota, temp is 52 degrees F, while 1.5 miles away Deadwood South Dakota records -16 degrees F. [1] Operation-Weiss Assault of German, Italian, Bulgarian and Croatian. [1] January 21 Otakar Sini composer, dies at 61. [1] Soviet forces reconquer Gumrak airport near Stalingrad. [1] Soviet forces reconquer Worosjilowsk. [1] Vice-Admiral Cunningham appointed British Admiral of fleet. [1] January 22 Joint Chiefs of Staff determine invasion in Sicily for July 10th. [1] Temperature rises 49 degrees F (9 degrees C) in two minutes in Spearfish South Dakota. [1] January 23 66.34 cm (26.12"), Hoegees Camp California (state precipitation record). [1] Alexander Woollcott critic, dies of a heart attack on radio, at 56. [1] In North Africa, British 8th Army forces capture Tripoli. [10] Japanese Mount Austen on Guadalcanal captured. [1] January 24 Hitler orders nazi troops at Stalingrad to fight to death. [1] Jewish patients/nurses/doctors incinerated at Auschwitz-Birkenau. [1] John Burns English minister of Local Government (1905-14), dies. [1] The Casablanca Conference ends. The British persuaded the Americans to postpone the cross-Channel invasion. US President Franklin Roosevelt announces to the press the Allied policy of requiring the unconditional surrender of Germany, Italy, and Japan. [10] January 26 Nikolai Vavilov geneticist, Saratovv labour camp, dies. [1] January 27 First US air attack on Germany (Wilhelmshafen). [1] January 29 New Zealand's Kiwi cruiser collides with Japanese submarine I-1 at Guadalcanal. [1] Sidney Kingsley's "Patriots" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] January 30 Six British Mosquito's daylight bomb Berlin. [1] German assault on French in Tunisia. [1] German under officers shot down in Haarlem Netherlands. [1] Hitler promotes Friedrich von Paul to General - field marshal. [1] Illegal opposition newspaper Loyal begins publishing. [1] Adolf Hitler names Karl Dönitz as Grand Admiral and Commander-in-Chief of the navy. [10] USS Chicago sinks in Pacific Ocean. [1] January 31 39 U boats sunk this month (203,100 ton). [1] Chile breaks contact with Germany and Japan. [1] German 6th Army commander Friedrich Paulus and almost 250,000 German troops surrender at Stalingrad. [10] February 1 German occupiers make Vidkun Quisling Norwegian premier. [1] Mussert forms pro Nazi shadow cabinet (Netherlands). [1] February 2 The remainder of the German 6th Army surrenders at Stalingrad. About 150,000 Axis soldiers died in the battle, another 150,000 were taken prisoner. In total, about 450,000 on both sides died. [10] Chicago Cubs return to original uniform after experimenting with a vest. [1] February 3 Four chaplains drown after giving up their life jackets to others. [1] Alexander Goode rabbi who surrendered his life jacket, drowns. [1] February 4 Bertolt Brecht's "Der gute Mensch von Sezuan" premieres in Zürich. [1] February 5 Amsterdam resistance group CS-6 shoots Nazi General Seyffardt. [1] Clandestine Radio Atlantiksender, Germany, first transmission. [1] Wim Gertenbach Dutch resistance fighter (Slogan), shot by Nazis. [1] February 6 RKO Radio Pictures releases Disney's animated feature film Saludos Amigos to theaters in the USA. It includes the animated short films: Lake Titicaca (with Donald Duck), Pedro, El Gaucho Goofy (with Goofy), and Aquarela do Brasil (with Donald Duck). [6] First Spitfire in action above Darwin, Australia, Mu Ki-46 shot down. [1] HA Seyffardt Dutch Lieutenant-General/NSB "minister", dies at 71. [1] Singer Frank Sinatra debuts on radio's "Your Hit Parade". [1] February 7 Shoe rationing begins in US (may purchase up to three more pairs in 1942). [1] Japanese forces evacuate Gualcanal. [10] February 8 Red Army recaptures Kursk. [1] February 9 ... Reydons wife of General Reydons, shot to death by resistance. [1] Franklin Roosevelt orders minimal 48 hour work week in war industry. [1] German riots at "plutocratenzoontjes", 1,200 in Vught Camp. [1] Japanese evacuate Guadalcanal, epic battle ends. [1] Nazis arrest Dutch sons of rich parents. [1] February 10 "Manifesto of Algerian People" calls for equality and self-determination. [1] 8th Army sweeps through North Africa to Tunisia. [1] Spanish and German governments sign a secret protocol, in which Spain will resist entry of Anglo-American forces on any Spanish territory, in exchange for German supplies of war material. [10] Van der Veen Resistance starts fire in Amsterdam employment bureau. [1] February 11 General Eisenhower selected to command the allied armies in Europe. [1] Transport nr 47 departs with French Jews to Nazi-Germany. [1] Karkov is recaptured by the Soviet Red Army. [10] February 12 General Eisenhower departs Algiers to Tebessa. [1] February 13 German assault on Sidi Bou Zid Tunisia, General Eisenhower visits front. [1] William Walraven journalist/writer (Neglected Grouser), dies at 55. [1] Women's Marine Corps created. [1] February 14 David Hilbert German mathematician (Hilbert Space), dies at 81. [1] Frieda Reiss French 11 month old baby, murdered in Auschwitz. [1] German offensive through de Faid-pass Tunisia. [1] Soviets recapture Rostov. [1] February 15 Thomas "Fats" Waller US jazz pianist (Hot Chocolate), dies at 38. [1] William Victor Harris composer, dies at 73. [1] Women's camp Tamtui on Ambon (Moluccas) hit by allied air raid. [1] February 16 -32 degrees F (-36 degrees C), Falls Village Connecticut (state record). [1] British Prime Minister Winston Churchill gets pneumonia. [1] Red army conquers Kharkov. [1] Sign on Munich facade "Out with Hitler! Long live freedom!" done by "White Rose" student group, caught on 2/18, beheaded on 2/22. [1] Withdrawing Africa Corps reaches Mareth-line in North-Africa. [1] February 17 Dutch churches protest at Seyss-Inquart against persecution of Jews. [1] General-Major Bradley flies to Washington DC. [1] Hitler visits field marshal von Mansteins headquarters in Zaporozje. [1] February 18 First edition of Dutch resistance newspaper "Trouw". [1] Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (Chilean General/dictator) marries Lucia Hiriart. [1] Henri Polak Dutch union leader/politician (Social-Democrat), dies at 74. [1] Munich resistance group "White Rose" captured by Nazis. [1] February 19 German tanks under Brigadier General Buelowius attack Kasserine Pass Tunesia. [1] February 20 Allied troops occupy Kasserine pass in Tunisia. [1] New volcano Paracutin erupts in farmer's corn patch (México). [1] February 21 Dutch Roman Catholic bishops protest against persecution of Jews. [1] German offensive at Western Dorsalgebergte Tunisia. [1] February 22 Christoph Probst German resistance fighter (That Weisse Rose), dies. [1] Hans Scholl German resistance fighter (White Rose), beheaded at 24. [1] Sophie Scholl German resistance fighter (Die Weisse Rose), beheaded. [1] February 23 General-Major Bradley arrives in Dakar and Marrakesh. [1] German troops pull back through Kasserine-pass Tunisia. [1] February 24 General-Major Bradley flies to Algiers. [1] Texas League announces it will quit for the duration of WWII. [1] February 25 Vietminh forms Indo Chinese Democratic Front. [1] February 26 German assault moves to Beja North Tunisia. [1] February 27 Kostís Palamis Greek poet/scholar (Flogera tou Basília), dies at 84. [1] February 28 "Porgy and Bess" opens on Broadway with Anne Brown and Todd Duncan. [1] 63 U Boats (359,300 ton) sinks this month. [1] March 1 Jewish old age home for disabled in Amsterdam raided. [1] March 2 First transport from Westerbork Netherlands to Sobibor concentration camp. [1] Alexandre Yersin Swiss bacteriologist (bacteria plague), dies at 79. [1] Sea battle in Bismarck Sea finishes, US and Australia win. [1] March 3 Bomb fleeing crowd falls into London shelter; 173 die. [1] F Ryerson and Cohn Claues' "Harriet" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] US defeats Japan and wins Battle of Bismark Sea. [1] March 4 Nikolaos "Sokrates" Politis Greek foreign minister, dies at 71. [1] Pieter C Boutens Dutch poet (Beatrijs), dies at 73. [1] Transport nr 50 departs with French Jews to Maidanek/Sobibor. [1] March 5 Anti fascist strikes in Italy. [1] (evening) British Air Chief Marshal Arthur Harris begins "The Battle of the Ruhr", with a major attack on Essen and its Krupps factories. About 438 bombers attack in several waves, with yellow, green, and red flares and bombs helping mark targets. Oboe and H2S navigation aids also help direct bombers to their target areas. 160 acres of the town are devastated. 450 more acres suffer extensive damage. 14 aircraft do not return to their bases. [10] March 6 Battle at Medenine, North-Africa; Rommels assault attack. [1] Sukarno asks for cooperation with Japanese occupiers. [1] March 7 General-Major Patton arrives in Djebel Kouif Tunisia. [1] March 8 335 allied bombers attack Neurenberg. [1] Limited gambling legalized in Mexico. [1] March 9 Delft opposition group-Pahud de Mortanges overthrown. [1] Greek Jews of Salonika are transported to Nazi extermination camps. [1] March 10 Tully Marshall actor (Let's Go, Red Dust), dies at 78. [1] March 11 Nazi Militia forms in Netherlands. [1] March 12 Soviet troops liberate Wjasma. [1] March 13 In Smolensk, a bomb disguised as two bottles of brandy is put on board Adolf Hitler's personal Focke-Wulf 200 Condor plane. The detonator activates, but due to cold temperature, the plastic explosives do not detonate. [10] Frank Dixon wins Knights of Columbus mile (4:09.6). [1] March 15 Allied reconnaissance flight over Java. [1] Red Army evacuates Kharkov. [1] March 16 Elin K (No) and Zaanland (Netherlands) torpedoed and sinks. [1] March 17 Aldemarin (Ned) and Fort Cedar Lake (US) torpedoed and sinks. [1] F Hugh Herbert's "Kiss and Tell" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] March 18 James Oglethorpe (US) and Terkolei (Netherlands), torpedoed and sinks. [1] Red Army evacuates Belgorod. [1] March 19 Airship Canadian Star torpedoed and sinks. [1] Vicente Ripolles composer, dies at 75. [1] March 20 British offensive against Mareth-line. [1] German U-384 bombed and sinks. [1] March 21 Assassination attempt on Hitler fails. [1] British 8th army opens assault on Mareth line, Tunisia. [1] March 22 Dutch work week extended to 54 hour. [1] Obligatory work for woman ends in Belgium. [1] SS police chief Rauter threatens to kill half Jewish children. [1] March 23 André Lichtenberger French Sudan writer (Le Petit Roi), dies at 72. [1] German counter attack on US lines in Tunisia. [1] Joseph Moiseyevich Schillinger composer, dies at 47. [1] March 25 97% of all Dutch physicians strike againt Nazi registration. [1] Jimmy Durante and Garry Moore premiere on radio. [1] March 26 First woman to receive air medal (US army nurse Elsie S Ott). [1] Battle of Komandorski Islands, Pacific Ocean. [1] March 27 Assassination attempt on Van de Peat at Amsterdams census bureau. [1] Blue Ribbon Town (with Groucho Marx) first heard on CBS Radio. [1] Grigori Yakovlevich Bakhchivangi test pilot (BI-1), killed in crash. [1] US begins assault on Fondouk-pass, Tunisia. [1] March 28 Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff Russian composer/pianist, dies at 69. [1] March 29 Meat, butter and cheese rationed in US during WWII (784 gram/week, two kilogram for GI's). [1] March 30 British first army recaptures Sejenane. [1] March 31 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical "Oklahoma!" opens on Broadway. [1] US errantly bombs Rotterdam, kills 326. [1] April 3 Conrad Veidt German/US actor (Cabinet of Dr Calgary), dies at 50. [1] Jan Dieters (leader of illegal CPN) arrested. [1] April 4 Oskar Schlemmer German painter/sculptor, dies at 54. [1] Raoul Laparra composer, dies at 66. [1] April 5 Allies bomb Mortsel. [1] Poon Lim found after being adrift 133 days. [1] April 6 British and US offensive at Wadi Akarit, South-Tunisia. [1] Lou Jansen, leader of illegal Dutch political party (CPN) arrested. [1] April 7 Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet for an Axis conference in Salzburg. [1] British/US troops make contact at Wadi Akarit, South-Tunisia. [1] Jovan Ducic Serbian poet (Blue Legends), dies at 72. [1] Lieutenant Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg seriously wounded in allied air raid. [1] April 8 Hakuun Yasutani Roshi, founder of Sanbo Kyodan, receives dharma. [1] Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya convicted of involvement with Mau Mau. [1] Paul Colin Belgian journalist/collaborator, executed. [1] April 10 Twelve Jewish patients of Herren Loo-Lozenoord escape Nazi's. [1] General Montgomery occupies Sfax Tunisia. [1] April 11 Frank Piasecki, Vertol founder, flies his first (single-rotor) craft. [1] April 12 Allies conquer Soussa, North-Africa. [1] Dutch Catholic University Nijmegen closed. [1] April 13 Catholic University Nijegen closes. [1] Franklin Roosevelt dedicates Jefferson Memorial. [1] Nazi's discover mass grave of Polish officers near Katyn. [1] April 14 Asser B Kleerekoper SDAP-Second-Member of parliament, dies at 62. [1] Generals Alexander/Eisenhower/Anderson/Bradley discuss assault on Tunis. [1] Geoffrey Turton Shaw composer, dies at 63. [1] James Gow and A d'Usseau's "Tomorrow the World", premieres in New York City. [1] April 15 Metropolitan Life Insurance issues a $225 million check to Chase. [1] Raffaele Casimiro Casimiri composer, dies at 62. [1] April 16 40 New Zealand bombers attack Haarlem Netherlands (85 killed). [1] April 17 Admiral Yamamoto flies from Truk to Rabaul. [1] SS-Lieutenant-General Jürgen Stoop arrives in Warsaw. [1] April 18 Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto is killed when his aircraft is shot down over the Solomon Islands. [10] April 19 Alexander Schmorell German resistance fighter, beheaded. [1] Gustave Doret composer, dies at 76. [1] A Jewish uprising in the Warsaw, Poland, ghetto results in over 50,000 deaths over several weeks. [10] Kurt Huber German resistance fighter, beheaded. [1] Willy Graf German resistance fighter, beheaded. [1] April 20 Atlanta Braves manager Casey Stengel is struck by a taxi, fractures a leg. [1] April 22 German counter attack in North-Tunisia. [1] RAF shoots down 14 German transport planes over Mediterranean Sea. [1] April 23 British and US offensive directed at Tunis/Bizerta. [1] Fréderic baron d'Erlanger French composer/banker, dies at 74. [1] April 24 Gerardus H de Hare socialist vicar, dies at 63. [1] April 25 Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko playwright/director, dies. [1] April 27 Lou Jansen and Jan Dieters arrested, lead illegal CPN party in Holland. [1] Soviet Union breaks contact with Polish government exiled in London. [1] April 28 First performance of Marc Blitzstein's "Freedom Morning". [1] German-Italian counter offensive in North-Africa. [1] US 34th Division occupies Djebel el Hara North Tunisia. [1] April 29 Dietrich Bonhöffer arrested by Nazi's. [1] Joseph Achron Latvian violinist/composer (Golem suite), dies at 56. [1] Karl Adrian Wohlfart composer, dies at 68. [1] Noël Coward's "Present Laughter", premieres in London. [1] Sidney A K Keyes English poet (Foreign Gate), dies at 20. [1] US 34th Division occupies Hill 609, North Tunisia. [1] April 30 Beatrice Potter Webb British writer (My Apprenticeship), dies at 85. [1] Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp for Jews forms. [1] Dutch strike against forced labor in Nazi Germany's war industry. [1] Etty Hillesum Dutch diarist, dies in Auschwitz. [1] Noël Coward's "This Happy Breed", premieres in London. [1] May 1 First edition of illegal "The Free Artist" appears in Amsterdam. [1] Food rationing begins in US. [1] German Wehrmacht deployed in order to break Dutch strikes. [1] German plane sinks boat loaded with Palestinian Jews bound for Malta. [1] Rauter signs unofficial death sentence. [1] May 2 German troops vacate Jefna Tunisia. [1] May 3 Leslie Heward composer, dies at 45. [1] Pulitzer prize awarded to Upton Sinclair (Dragon's Teeth). [1] Strike against obligatory labor camps ends, after 200 killed. [1] US first armour division occupies Mateur Tunisia. [1] May 5 Postmaster General Frank C Walker invents Postal Zone System. [1] May 6 British first army opens assault on Tunis. [1] May 7 American and British forces capture Tunis and Bizerte in North Africa. 160,000 German and Italian soldiers surrender at Tunis. [10] Dutch men 18-35 obliged to report to labor camps. [1] Liberty Ship George Washington Carver, named after scientist, launched. [1] US first Armour division occupies Ferryville Tunisia. [1] US 9th Infantry division occupies Bizerta/Bensert Tunisia. [1] May 8 Admiral Cunningham of British fleet: "Sink, burn and destroy; let nothing pass". [1] Mordicai Anielewicz commander of Warsaw ghetto uprising, killed. [1] May 9 5th German Panser army surrenders in Tunisia. [1] Rotschild-Haddassh University Hospital opens. [1] May 10 André Bertulot Belgian resistance fighter, hanged. [1] Arnaud/Armand Fraiteur Belgian resistance fighter, hanged. [1] Maurice-Albert Raskin Belgian resistance fighter, hanged. [1] May 11 Hermann Goering-division in Tunisia surrenders. [1] US 7th division lands on Attu, Aleutian, (first US territory recaptured). [1] May 12 Albert Stoessel composer, dies at 48. [1] British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrives in US. [1] May 13 In Tunisia in North Africa, German Afrika Korps commander General Dietloff Juergen von Arnim surrenders 275,000 troops. [10] German and Italian forces in Africa surrender. [1] German occupiers confiscate all radios. [1] May 15 Halifax bombers sinks U-463. [1] Warsaw ghetto uprising ends, in its destruction. [1] May 16 German troops destroy synagogue of Warsaw. [1] Jewish resistance in the Warsaw ghetto ends after 30 days of fighting. [1] Nine British Lancaster bombers fitted with dam-busting mines take off from Scampton, England, headed for the Möhne and Eder dams in Germany. After four unsuccessful tries, the fifth plane succeeds in breaching the Möhne dam. Six planes with three bombs head over to the Eder dam. The third hit breaches the dam 30 feet below the top. Five planes return to home base. Two more waves of bombers attack other dams, causing a small breach in the Sorpe dam. In total, 19 aircraft take off, and 11 return. 34 awards are given out. Extensive damage is done by the flooding and loss of hydroelectric power. 1000 houses are destroyed or damaged, 125 factories destroyed/damaged, 1294 people killed, 2822 hectares of farmland ruined, 6316 animals killed, 35 road bridges destroyed/damaged, etc. Germans add more defenses to other dams. Manpower is diverted from the West Wall to repair the dams. [10] May 17 Montagu Love actor (Wind), dies at 65. [1] May 18 Allied bombers attack Pantelleria in the Mediterranean Sea. [1] May 19 Berlin is declared "Judenrien" (free of Jews). [1] Churchill pledges England's full support to US against Japan. [1] May 20 French, British and US victory parade in Tunis Tunisia. [1] May 22 First jet fighter is tested. [1] RAF scatters first copies of "The Flying Hollander". [1] Stalin disbands Komintern. [1] May 23 826 Allied bombers attack Dortmund. [1] In Dr Faustus, Serenus Zeitblom begins his biography of Adrian Leverkühn. [1] May 24 Commander-in-Chief of the German Navy Karl Dönitz withdraws submarines from the North Atlantic, due to heavy losses. [10] U-441 shoots Sunderland seaplane down over Gulf of Biskaje. [1] Vladimir I Nemirovitch-Dantshenko Russian playwright, dies at 84. [1] May 25 Riot at Mobile Alabama shipyard over upgrading 12 black workers. [1] Trident conference in Washington DC (operation plan '43 against Japan). [1] May 26 First president of a black country to visit US (Edwin Barclay, Liberia). [1] Edsel Ford owner (Ford Motor Company), dies at 49. [1] Jews riot against Germany in Amsterdam. [1] At Peenemünde, comparison tests are made of the flying bomb (Fi.103 or FZG 76, later called V-1) and the A-4 rocket (V-2) in the presence of Nazi ministers and generals. Two rockets perform perfectly, flying 160 miles. Two flying bombs crash in the Baltic after travelling a mile or two. The Long-Range Bombardment Commission accepts the recommendation of putting both into production, top priority. [10] Premier Churchill and General Marshall fly from US to North Africa. [1] May 27 French defiance under Jean Moulin meets secretly in Paris. [1] US forbids racial discrimination in war industry. [1] May 28 British militia reaches Tito. [1] May 29 Confederacy of Algiers (Churchill-Marshall-Eisenhower). [1] Hermann Hans Wetzler composer, dies at 72. [1] Meat and cheese rationed in US. [1] May 30 French General De Gaulle arrives in Algiers. [1] US troops reconquer Attu Aleutians. [1] May 31 "Archie" comic strip first broadcast on radio. [1] June 2 99th Pursuit Squadron flies first combat mission (over Italy). [1] Leslie Howard actor killed, when Nazis shot down his plane. [1] June 9 US Congress passes "pay-as-you-go" income tax. [1] June 10 A patent is issued in Argentina for a ball-point pen. [55.22] Franklin Roosevelt becomes first US president to visit a foreign country during wartime. [1] Franklin Roosevelt signs withholding tax bill into law (this is W-2 Day!). [1] June 11 (evening) 783 British bombers attack Düsseldorf, Germany. 130 acres of the city are destroyed, in 882 separate fires. 1300 people are killed, and 140,000 made homeless. [10] June 16 Race riot in Beaumont Texas (two die). [1] June 18 The British "RDF" or "radiolocation" technology is renamed "radar". [10] June 20 National Congress of Racial Equality organizes. [1] New Québec (Chubb) Crater discovered in northern Québec (3.5 km dia). [1] Sweden's Gunther Hagg beats favorite Greg Rice by 35 yards in. [1] June 21 Federal troops put down racial riot in Detroit 30 dead. [1]