References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 April 30.

1913 January 1 Post office begins parcel post deliveries. [1] January 2 Léon P Teisserenc de Bort French meteorologist (stratosphere), dies at 57. [1] National Woman's Party forms. [1] January 4 Death of Alfred Graf von Schlieffen in Berlin, Germany, at age 79; Prussian General-field marshal, developed "Schlieffen Plan" used in World War I. [1] [37] January 7 William M Burton patents a process to "crack" petroleum. [1] January 11 First sedan-type car (Hudson) goes on display at 13th Auto Show (New York City, New York). [1] Bread and Roses Strike begins. [1] January 13 Thomas P Krag Norwegian author/novelist (Jon Graeff, Ulf Ran), dies at 44. [1] January 16 British House of Commons accepts Home-Rule for Ireland. [1] January 17 Carl Baermann composer, dies at 73. [1] Raymond Poincaré elected President of France. [1] January 18 Edmond R H Regout Dutch industrialist/politician, dies at 49. [1] Turkish-Greek sea battle near Troy. [1] January 19 David Emlyn Evans composer, dies at 69. [1] Raymond Poincaré installed as President of France. [1] January 21 Aristide Briand forms French government. [1] January 22 Ferdinand van der Haeghen Flemish librarian/bibliographer, dies at 82. [1] January 23 Nazim Pasha Turkey's Prime Minister assassinated. [1] January 24 Franz Kafka stops working on "Amerika"; it will never be finished. [1] Gustav Luders composer, dies at 47. [1] January 29 Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, at Howard University, incorporates. [1] January 30 House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill. [1] February 1 New York City's Grand Central Terminal opens as the world's largest train station. [5] (February 2 [1]) February 3 16th Amendment, federal income tax, ratified. [1] Golden/Cawthorne's musical "Sunshine Girl" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] February 4 Louis Perlman patents demountable auto tire-carrying wheel rim. [1] National Institute of Arts and Letters founded. [1] February 9 Ten Day Tragedy of Mexico-City; 3,000 die. [1] February 10 Edward Sheldons "Romance" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] February 15 First avant-garde art show in America opens in New York City, New York. [1] Birth of Willy Vandersteen Belgian cartoonist (Suske and Wiske). [1] February 16 President Taft agrees not to intervene in Mexico. [1] February 17 First minimum wage law in US takes effect (Oregon). [1] New York Armory Show introduces Picasso, Matisse, Duchamp to US public. [1] February 18 French painting "Nude Descending a Staircase" by Marcel DuChamp displayed at Armory Show in New York City, New York. [1] February 19 First prize inserted into a Cracker Jack box. [1] Mexican General V Huerta takes power with US support. [1] February 22 Ferdinand Mongin de Saussure Swiss linguist, dies at 55. [1] Francisco Indalecio Madero Mexican President, assassinated in military coup at 39. [1] Lowell High School, San Francisco opens (on its first campus). [1] Suarez Mexican vice President, assassinated in a military coup. [1] February 25 16th Amendment ratified, authorizing income tax. [1] February 26 Felix Draeseke composer, dies at 77. [1] February 27 Adam Sedgwick English zoologist (Peripatus), dies at 58. [1] February 28 6.8-m, 4000-kg elephant seal killed, South Georgia (South Atlantic). [1] March 1 First state law requiring bonding of officers and state employees, North Dakota. [1] Federal income tax takes effect (16th amendment). [1] March 3 Ida B Wells-Barnett demonstrates for female suffrage in Washington DC. [1] March 4 First US law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed. [1] Department of Commerce and Labor split into separate departments. [1] Gabriel Fauré's opera "Pénélope" premieres in Monte Carlo. [1] Woodrow Wilson inaugurated as 28th President. [1] March 8 Internal Revenue Service begins to levy and collect income taxes. [1] March 9 Eberhard Nestle German biblical scholar, dies at 61. [1] March 10 Harriet Tubman abolitionist, conductor on Underground railroad, dies in New York. [1] March 12 Foundation stone of the Australian capitol in Canberra laid. [1] Joseph Bayer composer, dies at 61. [1] March 13 Kansas legislature approves censorship of motion pictures. [1] March 14 John D Rockefeller gives $100 million to Rockefeller Foundation. [1] March 15 First Presidential press conference (Woodrow Wilson). [1] Cleveland establishes first small claims court. [1] March 18 George I king of Greece (1861-1913), assassinated by Schinas at 67. [1] March 19 John Thomas composer, dies at 87. [1] March 20 Christian Barnekow composer, dies at 75. [1] Song Jiao-ren leader Chinese Guomindang-Party, dies. [1] March 21 Flood in Ohio, kills 400. [1] March 24 Palace Theater opens at 1564 Broadway New York City. [1] March 25 Great Dayton Flood. [1] Home of vaudeville, Palace Theatre, opens (New York City, New York) starring Ed Wynn. [1] March 26 Bulgaria captures Adrianople, ending the first Balkan War. [1] Dayton Ohio almost destroyed when Scioto, Miami, and Muskingum River reach flood stage simultaneously. [1] March 31 John Pierpont Morgan US banker/CEO (US Steel Corp), dies at 75. [1] April 3 British suffragette Emily Pankhurst sentenced to three years in jail. [1] April 6 Jose Marraco y Ferrer composer, dies on 78th birthday. [1] April 8 17th amendment, requiring direct election of senators, ratified. [1] Opening of China's first parliament takes place in Peking (now Beijing). [1] April 14 Belgium begins general strike for voting rights. [1] Karl Hagenbeck German animal trainer (Von Tieren), dies at 68. [1] April 21 German passenger ship Imperator runs aground. [1] Gideon Sundback of Sweden patents the zipper. [1] April 22 Montenegro troops march into Skoetari, North-Albania. [1] April 26 Panamá-Pacific International Exposition opens in San Francisco. [1] Sun Yet San calls for revolt against President Yuan Shikai in China. [1] April 29 Gideon Sundback of Hoboken patents all-purpose zipper. [1] Swedish engineer Gideon Sundback of Hoboken patents all-purpose zipper. [1] May 1 Longacre Theater opens at 220 W 48th Steet New York City, New York. [1] May 6 King Nikita I of Montenegro vacates Skoetari, North-Albania. [1] May 7 British House of Commons rejects woman's right to vote. [1] May 9 17th amendment provides for election of senators by popular vote. [1] May 13 First four engine aircraft built and flown (Igor Sikorsky-Russia). [1] May 14 French Hals museum opens in Harleem Netherlands. [1] May 18 Otto Reubke composer, dies at 70. [1] May 19 Webb Alien Land-Holding Bill passes, forbidding Japs from owning land. [1] May 26 Actors' Equity Association forms (New York City). [1] May 27 Birth of Wolfgang Schulze [Wols] German cartoonist/painter. [1] May 28 Lord Avebury [John Lubbock] British banker/politician, dies. [1] May 30 First Balkan War ends, Treaty of London. [1] John McGraw joins Fred Clarke, Cap Anson, Frank Selee, and Connie Mack as managers who have won 1,000 games. [1] New country of Albania is formed. [1] May 31 17th amendment (direct election of senators) declared ratified. [1] June 2 First strike settlement mediated by US Department of Labor-railroad clerks. [1] June 6 Rabbit Maranville, is thrown out trying to steal home three times. [1] June 12 "The Dachshund" by Pathe Freres, early animated cartoon, released. [1] June 21 Tiny Broadwick becomes first woman to parachute from an airplane. [1] June 29 Beginning of the second Balkan War. [1] June 30 Second Balkan War begins. [1] July 3 Common tern banded in Maine; found dead in 1919 in Africa (first bird. [1] July 10 134 degrees F (57 degrees C), Greenland Ranch, California (US record). [1] July 19 Billboard publishes earliest known "Last Week's 10 Best Sellers. [1] July 30 Conclusion of the second Balkan War. [1] August 10 Second Balkan War ends, Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria loses. [1] August 20 First pilot to parachute from an aircraft (Adolphe Pégoud-France). [1] August 25 Birth of Walt Kelly cartoonist, creator of "Pogo". [1] August 27 Lieutenant Peter Nestrov, of Imperial Russian Air Service, performs a loop in a monoplane at Kiev (first aerobatic maneuver in an airplane). [1] September 6 First aircraft to loop the loop (Adolphe Pégoud-France). [1] September 9 Association for Study of Negro Life and History organizes in Chicago. [1] September 10 Cleveland Call and Post established. [1] George W Buckner, named minister to Liberia. [1] Lincoln Highway opens as first paved coast-to-coast highway. [1] September 15 First US milch goat show held, Rochester, New York. [1] September 21 First aerobatic maneuver, sustained inverted flight, performed in France. [1] September 22 Coal mine explosion kills 263 at Dawson New Mexico. [1] September 29 Washington Senator Walter Johnson wins his 36th game. [1] October 3 Federal Income Tax signed into law (at 1%). [1] October 10 Gamboa Dam in Panama blown up; Atlantic and Pacific waters mix. [1] November 5 Ludwig III crowned king of Bavaria. [1] November 6 Mohandas K Gandhi arrested for leading Indian miners march in South Africa. [1] November 9 Storm "Freshwater Fury" sinks 8 ore-carriers on Great Lakes. [1] November 17 First US dental hygienists course established, Bridgeport, Connecticut. [1] Panama Canal opens. [1] November 18 Lincoln Deachey performs first airplane loop-the-loop (San Diego). [1] November 25 Woodrow Wilson's daughter Jessie marries in the White House. [1] December 1 First drive-up gasoline station opens (Pittsburgh). [1] Continuous moving assembly line introduced by Ford (car every 2 38). [1] December 2 Archdiocese of Managua created. [1] Government-Barthou falls due to overtime conscription. [1] December 8 Construction starts on Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco. [1] December 9 Heavyweight Jack Johnson-Jim Johnson fight to no decision in Paris. [1] December 10 Kamerlingh Onnes receives Nobel Prize for physics. [1] December 12 "Mona Lisa", recovered after being stolen from the Louvre Museum in 1911. [1] Hebrew language officially used to teach in Palestinian schools. [1] December 13 Mona Lisa stolen in August 1911 returned to Louvre. [1] December 14 Greece formally takes possession of Crete. [1] December 16 Charlie Chaplin began his film career at Keystone for $150 a week. [1] December 17 Stefano Gobatti composer, dies at 61. [1] December 21 The first crossword puzzle (Arthur Wynne's "word-cross"), with 32 clues, is published in the New York World newspaper. [1] [5] December 22 Menelik II King of Ethiopia (1896-1913), dies at 69. [1] December 23 President Woodrow Wilson signs Federal Reserve Act into law. [1] December 29 First movie serial, "Adventures of Kathlyn" premieres in Chicago Illinois. [1]