1913

January 1

• Post office begins parcel post deliveries. [1]

January 2

• Léon P Teisserenc de Bort French meteorologist (stratosphere), dies at age 57. [1]
• National Woman's Party forms. [1]

January 4

• Death of Alfred Graf von Schlieffen in Berlin, Germany, at age 79; Prussian General-field marshal, developed "Schlieffen Plan" used in World War I. [1] [37]

January 7

• William M Burton patents a process to "crack" petroleum. [1]

January 11

• First sedan-type car (Hudson) goes on display at 13th Auto Show (New York City, New York). [1]
• Bread and Roses Strike begins. [1]

January 13

• Thomas P Krag Norwegian author/novelist (Jon Graeff, Ulf Ran), dies at age 44. [1]

January 16

• British House of Commons accepts Home-Rule for Ireland. [1]

January 17

• Carl Baermann composer, dies at age 73. [1]
• Raymond Poincaré elected President of France. [1]

January 18

• Edmond R H Regout Dutch industrialist/politician, dies at age 49. [1]
• Turkish-Greek sea battle near Troy. [1]

January 19

• David Emlyn Evans composer, dies at age 69. [1]
• Raymond Poincaré installed as President of France. [1]

January 21

• Aristide Briand forms French government. [1]

January 22

• Ferdinand van der Haeghen Flemish librarian/bibliographer, dies at age 82. [1]

January 23

• Nazim Pasha Turkey's Prime Minister assassinated. [1]

January 24

• Franz Kafka stops working on "Amerika"; it will never be finished. [1]
• Gustav Luders composer, dies at age 47. [1]

January 29

• Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, at Howard University, incorporates. [1]

January 30

• House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill. [1]

February 1

• New York City's Grand Central Terminal opens as the world's largest train station. [5] (February 2 [1])

February 3

• 16th Amendment, federal income tax, ratified. [1]
• Golden/Cawthorne's musical "Sunshine Girl" premieres in New York City, New York. [1]

February 4

• Louis Perlman patents demountable auto tire-carrying wheel rim. [1]
• National Institute of Arts and Letters founded. [1]

February 9

• Ten Day Tragedy of Mexico-City; 3,000 die. [1]

February 10

• Edward Sheldons "Romance" premieres in New York City, New York. [1]

February 15

• First avant-garde art show in America opens in New York City, New York. [1]
• Birth of Willy Vandersteen Belgian cartoonist (Suske and Wiske). [1]

February 16

• President Taft agrees not to intervene in Mexico. [1]

February 17

• First minimum wage law in US takes effect (Oregon). [1]
• New York Armory Show introduces Picasso, Matisse, Duchamp to US public. [1]

February 18

• French painting "Nude Descending a Staircase" by Marcel DuChamp displayed at Armory Show in New York City, New York. [1]

February 19

• First prize inserted into a Cracker Jack box. [1]
• Mexican General V Huerta takes power with US support. [1]

February 22

• Ferdinand Mongin de Saussure Swiss linguist, dies at age 55. [1]
• Francisco Indalecio Madero Mexican President, assassinated in military coup at age 39. [1]
• Lowell High School, San Francisco opens (on its first campus). [1]
• Suarez Mexican vice President, assassinated in a military coup. [1]

February 25

• 16th Amendment ratified, authorizing income tax. [1]

February 26

• Felix Draeseke composer, dies at age 77. [1]

February 27

• Adam Sedgwick English zoologist (Peripatus), dies at age 58. [1]

February 28

• 6.8-m, 4000-kg elephant seal killed, South Georgia (South Atlantic). [1]

March 1

• First state law requiring bonding of officers and state employees, North Dakota. [1]
• Federal income tax takes effect (16th amendment). [1]

March 3

• Ida B Wells-Barnett demonstrates for female suffrage in Washington DC. [1]

March 4

• First US law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed. [1]
• Department of Commerce and Labor split into separate departments. [1]
• Gabriel Fauré's opera "Pénélope" premieres in Monte Carlo. [1]
• Woodrow Wilson inaugurated as 28th President. [1]

March 8

• Internal Revenue Service begins to levy and collect income taxes. [1]

March 9

• Eberhard Nestle German biblical scholar, dies at age 61. [1]

March 10

• Harriet Tubman abolitionist, conductor on Underground railroad, dies in New York. [1]

March 12

• Foundation stone of the Australian capitol in Canberra laid. [1]
• Joseph Bayer composer, dies at age 61. [1]

March 13

• Kansas legislature approves censorship of motion pictures. [1]

March 14

• John D Rockefeller gives $100 million to Rockefeller Foundation. [1]

March 15

• First Presidential press conference (Woodrow Wilson). [1]
• Cleveland establishes first small claims court. [1]

March 18

• George I king of Greece (1861-1913), assassinated by Schinas at age 67. [1]

March 19

• John Thomas composer, dies at age 87. [1]

March 20

• Christian Barnekow composer, dies at age 75. [1]
• Song Jiao-ren leader Chinese Guomindang-Party, dies. [1]

March 21

• Flood in Ohio, kills 400. [1]

March 24

• Palace Theater opens at 1564 Broadway New York City. [1]

March 25

• Great Dayton Flood. [1]
• Home of vaudeville, Palace Theatre, opens (New York City, New York) starring Ed Wynn. [1]

March 26

• Construction work on the Panama Canal peaks with 44,733 workers on site. [150.62]
• Bulgaria captures Adrianople, ending the first Balkan War. [1]
• Dayton Ohio almost destroyed when Scioto, Miami, and Muskingum River reach flood stage simultaneously. [1]

March 31

• John Pierpont Morgan US banker/CEO (US Steel Corp), dies at age 75. [1]

April 3

• British suffragette Emily Pankhurst sentenced to three years in jail. [1]

April 6

• Jose Marraco y Ferrer composer, dies on 78th birthday. [1]

April 8

• 17th amendment, requiring direct election of senators, ratified. [1]
• Opening of China's first parliament takes place in Peking (now Beijing). [1]

April 14

• Belgium begins general strike for voting rights. [1]
• Karl Hagenbeck German animal trainer (Von Tieren), dies at age 68. [1]

April 21

• German passenger ship Imperator runs aground. [1]
• Gideon Sundback of Sweden patents the zipper. [1]

April 22

• Montenegro troops march into Skoetari, North-Albania. [1]

April 26

• Panamá-Pacific International Exposition opens in San Francisco. [1]
• Sun Yet San calls for revolt against President Yuan Shikai in China. [1]

April 29

• Gideon Sundback of Hoboken patents all-purpose zipper. [1]
• Swedish engineer Gideon Sundback of Hoboken patents all-purpose zipper. [1]

May 1

• Longacre Theater opens at 220 W 48th Steet New York City, New York. [1]

May 6

• King Nikita I of Montenegro vacates Skoetari, North-Albania. [1]

May 7

• British House of Commons rejects woman's right to vote. [1]

May 9

• 17th amendment provides for election of senators by popular vote. [1]

May 13

• First four engine aircraft built and flown (Igor Sikorsky-Russia). [1]

May 14

• French Hals museum opens in Harleem Netherlands. [1]

May 18

• Otto Reubke composer, dies at age 70. [1]

May 19

• Webb Alien Land-Holding Bill passes, forbidding Japs from owning land. [1]

May 26

• Actors' Equity Association forms (New York City). [1]

May 27

• Birth of Wolfgang Schulze [Wols] German cartoonist/painter. [1]

May 28

• Lord Avebury [John Lubbock] British banker/politician, dies. [1]

May 29

• Igor Stravinsky's ballet score "The Rite of Spring" premieres in Paris, provoking a riot. [5]

May 30

• First Balkan War ends, Treaty of London. [1]
• John McGraw joins Fred Clarke, Cap Anson, Frank Selee, and Connie Mack as managers who have won 1,000 games. [1]
• New country of Albania is formed. [1]

May 31

• 17th amendment (direct election of senators) declared ratified. [1]

June 2

• First strike settlement mediated by US Department of Labor-railroad clerks. [1]

June 6

• Rabbit Maranville, is thrown out trying to steal home three times. [1]

June 7

• Hudson Stuck, an Alaskan missionary, leads the first successful ascent of the south peak of Mount McKinley, the highest point on the American continent at 20,320 feet. Companions Harry Karstens, Walter Harper, and Robert Tatum follow Stuck to the summit. [129]

June 12

• "The Dachshund" by Pathe Freres, early animated cartoon, released. [1]

June 21

• Tiny Broadwick becomes first woman to parachute from an airplane. [1]

June 29

• Beginning of the second Balkan War. [1]

June 30

• Second Balkan War begins. [1]

July 3

• Common tern banded in Maine; found dead in 1919 in Africa (first bird. [1]

July 10

• The highest temperature ever recorded in the United States is at Death Valley, California: 134 F (56.7 C). [1] [5]

July 19

• Billboard publishes earliest known "Last Week's 10 Best Sellers. [1]

July 30

• Conclusion of the second Balkan War. [1]

August 10

• Second Balkan War ends, Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria loses. [1]

August 20

• First pilot to parachute from an aircraft (Adolphe Pégoud-France). [1]

August 25

• Birth of Walt Kelly cartoonist, creator of "Pogo". [1]

August 27

• Lieutenant Peter Nestrov, of Imperial Russian Air Service, performs a loop in a monoplane at Kiev (first aerobatic maneuver in an airplane). [1]

September 6

• First aircraft to loop the loop (Adolphe Pégoud-France). [1]

September 9

• Association for Study of Negro Life and History organizes in Chicago. [1]

September 10

• Cleveland Call and Post established. [1]
• George W Buckner, named minister to Liberia. [1]
• Lincoln Highway opens as first paved coast-to-coast highway. [1]

September 15

• First US milch goat show held, Rochester, New York. [1]

September 21

• First aerobatic maneuver, sustained inverted flight, performed in France. [1]

September 22

• Coal mine explosion kills 263 at Dawson New Mexico. [1]

September 29

• Washington Senator Walter Johnson wins his 36th game. [1]

October 3

• Federal Income Tax signed into law (at 1%). [1]

October 10

• US President Woodrow Wilson pushes button to remotely blow up Gamboa Dam in Panama Canal, allowing Atlantic and Pacific waters to meet. [1] [150.62]

October 31

• The Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across America, is dedicated. [5]

November 5

• Ludwig III crowned king of Bavaria. [1]

November 6

• Mohandas K Gandhi arrested for leading Indian miners march in South Africa. [1]

November 9

• Storm "Freshwater Fury" sinks 8 ore-carriers on Great Lakes. [1]

November 17

• First US dental hygienists course established, Bridgeport, Connecticut. [1]
• Panama Canal opens. [1]

November 18

• Lincoln Deachey performs first airplane loop-the-loop (San Diego). [1]

November 25

• Woodrow Wilson's daughter Jessie marries in the White House. [1]

December 1

• First drive-up gasoline station opens (Pittsburgh). [1]
• Continuous moving assembly line introduced by Ford (car every 2 38). [1]

December 2

• Archdiocese of Managua created. [1]
• Government-Barthou falls due to overtime conscription. [1]

December 8

• Construction starts on Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco. [1]

December 10

• Kamerlingh Onnes receives Nobel Prize for physics. [1]

December 12

• "Mona Lisa", recovered after being stolen from the Louvre Museum in 1911. [1]
• Hebrew language officially used to teach in Palestinian schools. [1]

December 13

• Mona Lisa stolen in August 1911 returned to Louvre. [1]

December 14

• Greece formally takes possession of Crete. [1]

December 16

• Charlie Chaplin began his film career at Keystone for $150 a week. [1]

December 17

• Stefano Gobatti composer, dies at age 61. [1]

December 21

• The first crossword puzzle (Arthur Wynne's "word-cross"), with 32 clues, is published in the New York World newspaper. [1] [5] [55.46]

December 22

• Menelik II King of Ethiopia (1896-1913), dies at age 69. [1]

December 23

• President Woodrow Wilson signs Federal Reserve Act into law. [1]

December 29

• First movie serial, "Adventures of Kathlyn" premieres in Chicago Illinois. [1]