- May 12
- Battle at Böblingen: Zwabische Union beats rebel Württembergse farmers. [1]
- May 15
- German boer army surrounded/slaughters 5,000; ends Boer war. [1]
- May 17
- Battle at Zabern: duke of Lutherans beats rebels. [1]
- May 27
- Thomas Münzer, German vicar/boer leader, executed in Mühlhausen. [1] [37]
- December 30
- Jacob Fugger German banker/merchant, dies at age 66. [1]
1526
- January 14
- Charles V and Francis I sign Treaty of Madrid; Francis I forced to give up claims in Burgundy, Italy and Flanders. [1]
- February 8
- Heavy storm strikes Dutch coast, many die. [1]
- February 27
- Saxony and Hesse form League of Gotha (league of Protestant princes). [1]
- March 10
- Emperor Charles V marries princess Isabella of Portugal. [1]
- March 17
- French king François I freed from Spain. [1]
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- March 26
- King François I returns Spanish captivity to France. [1]
- April 21
- Battle at Panipat Mogol Emperor Babur beats sultan Ibrahim Lodi. [1]
- April 22
- First slave revolt occurs in South Carolina. [1]
- April 27
- Mogol King Babur beats sultan of Delhi. [1]
- May 2
- German evangelical monarchy joins Schmalkaldische League. [1]
- May 21
- Sermon of Bathe, Aargau: TC evangelical theology. [1]
- May 22
- Pope Clemens VII, France, Genoa, Venice, Florence and Milan form Anti-French League of Cognac. [1]
- August 4
- Juan Sebastián Cano Spanish explorer, dies. [1]
- August 29
- Hungary conquered by Turks in Battle of Mohács. [1]
- November 9
- Jews are expelled from Pressburg Hungary by Maria of Hapsburg. [1]
- December 17
- Ferdinand of Austria chosen as King of Bohemia. [1]
- Pope Clemens VII publishes degree Cum ad zero - forms Inquisition. [1]
1527
- February 24
- Ferdinand of Austria crowned as king of Bohemia. [1]
- March 16
- Battle at Khanua: Mogol Emperor Babur beats Rajputen. [1]
- April 30
- England and France sign treaty of Westminster. [1]
- May 6
- Karel van Bourbon military governor (Lombardije), dies at age 37. [1]
- Spanish and German Imperial troops sack Rome; ending the Renaissance. [1]
- May 16
- Florence becomes a republic. [1]
- May 17
- Pánfilo de Narvaéz departs to explore Florida. [1]
- May 30
- The University of Marburg is founded (in Germany). [1] [37]
- August 3
- The first known letter is sent from North America by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland. [5]
- December 6
- Pope Clemens VII flees to Orvieto. [1]
- December 12
- Composer Adrian Willaert moves from Milan to Venice. [1]
1528
- January 12
- Gustav Eriksson Vasa is formally crowned King of Sweden. [7]
- January 22
- England and France declare war on Emperor Charles V. [1]
- January 28
- Philips of Cleve ruler of Ravenstein, dies. [1]
- February 12
- Treaty of Dordrecht between emperor and ecclesiastical power. [1]
- February 14
- Edzard I the Great count of Austria-E Frisia (1494-1528), dies at age 66. [1]
- February 24
- János Zápolyai, Hungarian king, recognizes Sultan Suleiman's suzerainty. [1]
- February 29
- Patrick Hamilton Scottish protestant martyr, burned at stake. [1]
- March 5
- Utrecht Governor Maarten van Rossum plunders The Hague. [1]
- May 1
- Pánfilo the Narvaéz begins exploration to with 350 men to Florida. [1]
1529
- January 7
- Peter Vischer the Old, German count of Sebaldus, dies. [1]
- April 16
- Louis de Berquin French humanist/reformer/heretic, burned at stake. [1]
- April 19
- Second Parliament of Spiers bans Lutheranism. [1]
- John Cuspinianus [Spiessheimer] German physician, dies at about age 55. [1]
- April 22
- Treaty of Saragosa Spain and Portugal divide eastern hemisphere. [1]
- May 6
- Battle at Gogra: Mogol emperor Babur beats Afghans and Bengals. [1]
- May 27
- 30 Jews of Posing Hungary, charged with blood ritual, burned at stake. [1]
1530
- February 24
- First imperial coronation by a Pope, Charles V crowned by Clement V. [1]
- March 7
- King Henry VIII's divorce request is denied by the Pope Henry then declares that he, not the Pope, is supreme head of England's church. [1]
- April 18
- François Lambert d'Avignon French church reformer, dies at about age 43. [1]
- April 24
- Jacopo Sannazaro Italian poet (De partu Virginis), dies. [1]
- June 25
- The 28 articles of the Lutheran churches are presented to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (The Augsburg Confession). [37]
- November 29
- Cardinal Thomas Wolsey adviser to England's King Henry VIII, dies. [1]
- December 1
- Margaretha of Austria governess of the Netherlands, dies at age 51. [1]
- December 25
- Babur emperor of Delhi, dies. [1]
- December 26
- Zahir al-Din Mohammed Babur Shah founder Mogols-dynasty, dies at age 47. [1]
1531
- January 5
- Pope Clemens VII forbids English king Henry VIII to re-marry. [1]
- January 16
- English Reformation parliament's second sitting. [1]
- January 22
- Andrea del Sarto Italian artist, dies at age 43. [1]
- January 26
- In Lisbon, Portugal, an Intensity X earthquake occurs, claiming 30,000 deaths. [1] [53]
- January 31
- Kings Ferdinand of Austria/János Zápolyai of Hungary accept each other. [1]
- February 11
- Henry VIII recognized as supreme head of the Church in England. [1]
- February 26
- Earthquake in Lisbon Portugal, kills 20,000. [1]
- February 27
- Evangelical German monarchy/towns form Schmalkaldische Union. [1]
- March 20
- Sicke Freerks/Frericx [Cutter], Dutch anabaptist, beheaded. [1]
- April 5
- Richard Roose boiled to death for trying to poison an archbishop. [1]
- May 31
- "Women's Revolt" in Amsterdam: wool house in churchyard aborted. [1]
- December 6
- John Volkertsz Trimaker Dutch anabaptist leader, beheaded. [1]
1532
- March 18
- English parliament bans payments by English church to Rome. [1]
- April 26
- Sultan Suleiman through Hungary on away to Vienna. [1]
- May 16
- Sir Thomas More resigns as English Lord Chancellor. [1] [241.9]
- November 16
- Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish explorer and conquistador, springs a trap on the Incan emperor, Atahualpa. Pizarro's 200 men massacre five thousand Incans and capture Atahualpa. [1] [129]
1533
- January 25
- England's King Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn (approximate date). [1]
- March 30
- Henry VIII divorces his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. [1]
- Thomas Cranmer becomes archbishop of Canterbury. [1]
- April 10
- Frederik I King of Denmark/Norway (1523-33), dies at age 61. [1]
- May 23
- King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon marriage declared null and void. [1]
- May 28
- England's archbishop voids King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's marriage. [1]
- June 1
- Anne Boleyn crowned Queen of England. [241.9]
- July 11
- Pope Clement VII excommunicates England's King Henry VIII. [1]
- August 29
- Death of Atahualpa, captured king of the Inca Empire, executed by strangulation. [1] [129]
- September 7
- Birth of Elizabeth to King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; Queen Elizabeth I of England 1558-1603. [1] [419.70]
- December 3
- Vasili III great prince of Moscow (1505-33), dies at age 54. [1]
1534
- January 24
- François I signs classified treaty with evangelical German monarchy. [1]
- February 26
- Pope Paul II affirms George van Egmond as bishop of Utrecht. [1]
- March 23
- March 26
- Lübeck accept free Dutch ships into East Sea. [1]
- April 17
- Sir Thomas More confined in London Tower. [1]
- April 20
- Elizabeth Barton [Nun of Kent] British prophet, is executed. [1]
- May 10
- French navigator Jacques Cartier reaches Newfoundland. [1]
- May 12
- Württemberg becomes Lutheran. [1]
- May 28
- Dirk Martens Flemish printer/humanist, dies at about age 83. [1]
- June 9
- Jacques Cartier first sails into mouth of Saint Lawrence River. [1]
- December 4
- Turkish sultan Suleiman occupies Baghdad. [1]
- December 6
- Quito, Ecuador founded by Spanish. [1]
1535
- January 6
- City of Lima Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro. [1]
- January 15
- Henry VIII declares himself head of English Church. [1]
- January 18
- Francisco Pizarro founds Lima Peru. [1]
- February 10
- Twelve nude Anabaptists run through Amsterdam streets. [1]
- February 18
- Agrippa von Nettesheim German royal astrologer, dies at age 48. [1]
- Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim physician/theologian, dies. [1]
- March 1
- Bernardo Accolti [Unico Aretino], Italian writer (Virginia), dies. [1]
- March 10
- Bishop Tomás de Berlanga discovers Galápagos Islands. [1]
- March 28
- Bloemkamp Abbey (Oldeklooster) attacked and destroyed. [1]
- April 29
- John Houghton English, executed. [1]
- May 11
- Queen Juana of Spain signs a decree establishing a mint in New Spain. [669.49] [1042.723]
- June 24
- Anabaptists Protestants conquerered and disbanded. [1]
- (month unknown)
- Galapagos islands discovered by Spanish bishop of Panama, Tomás de Berlanga, first human visitor. [1616.58]
- July 1
- Sir Thomas More goes on trial in England charged with treason. [1]
- July 6
- Sir Thomas More executed in England for treason. [1]
- August 15
- Asunción, Paraguay founded. [1]
- August 31
- Pope Paul II deposed and excommunicated King Henry VIII. [1]
- October 2
- Jacques Cartier discovers Mount Royal (Montreal, Quebec). [1] [5]
1536
- January 6
- Baldassare Peruzzi Italian architect/painter, dies. [1]
- January 7
- Catherine of Aragon first wife of England's King Henry VIII, dies. [1]
- January 17
- François Rabelais absolved of apostasy by Pope Paul III. [1]
- February 2
- Pedro de Mendoza finds the Argentine city of Buenos Aires. [1]
- February 3
- García de Resende Port writer/publisher (Cancioneiro Geral), dies. [1]
- February 18
- France and Turkey sign military/trade agreement against King Karel. [1]
- March 16
- Ibrahim Pasha grand-visier of Osmaanse Rich, murdered at about age 45. [1]
- April 14
- English king Henry VIII expropriates minor monasteries. [1]
- May 2
- King Henry VIII accuses Anna Boleyn of adultery and incest with Lord Rochford. [1]
- May 6
- King Henry VIII orders bible be placed in every church. [1]
- May 17
- Anne Boleyn's four "lovers" executed. [1]
- May 19
- Anne Boleyn, Queen of England/wife of Henry VIII, beheaded. [1] [241.9]
- Lord Rochford, English brother of Anna Boleyn, beheaded. [1]
- May 23
- Pope Paul III installs Portugese inquisition. [1]
- May 30
- English king Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour. [1] [696.39]
- June 15
- Daughter Mary signs a document admitting her parents' marriage had been unlawful, that she was illegitimate, and she recognizes King Henry VIII as Supreme Head in Earth under Christ of the Church in England. [696.39]
- (month unknown)
- The Mexico City Mint, first mint to produce coins in the New World, begins striking silver coins. [434.126]
- July 18
- Pope's authority declared void in England. [1]
- November 3
- Royal Spanish decree approves the Santo Domingo Mint. [541.36]
- December 22
- English scholar Reginald Pole appointed cardinal. [1]
1537
- January 7
- Alessandro de' Medici Italian monarch of Florence, assassinated. [1]
- February 9
- Pope Paul III routes Cardinal Pole to England. [1]
- February 19
- Weavers of Leiden Netherlands strike. [1]
- March 17
- French troops invade Flanders. [1]
- April 8
- Willem Aerts Flemish architect, dies. [1]
- August 15
- Asunción city is founded. [995.134]
- October 24
- Jane Seymour third wife of Henry VIII, dies. [1]
1538
- January 27
- States of Gelderland accepts Willem van Kleef as viceroy. [1]
- February 12
- Albrecht Altdorfer German painter, dies at about age 57. [1]
- February 16
- Everhard/Erardus van de Mark prince-bishop of Liege, dies at age 65. [1]
- February 24
- King Ferdinand of Austria and King János Zápolyai of Hungary sign Peace of Grosswardein. [1]
- February 26
- Worp van Thabor Frisian abbott of Thabor (Chronicon Frisiae), dies. [1]
- March 21
- Hugo earl of Leisnig, Governor of Frisia, dies at about age 79. [1]
- April 9
- Danish king Christian III enters Schmalkaldische Union. [1]
- May 26
- Genève throws out Calvijn. [1]
- August 6
- Bogotá, Colombia is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. [5]
- December 16
- King François I orders renewed pursuit of Protestants. [1]
- December 17
- Pope Paul III excommunicated England's King Henry VIII. [1]
1539
- February 1
- Emperor Karel and King François I sign anti-English treaty. [1]
- February 15
- Emperor Charles receives Cardinal Pole in Toledo. [1]
- February 19
- Jews of Tyrnau Hungary (then Trnava Czechoslovakia), expelled. [1]
- April 19
- Charles, protestant German monarch, signs Treaty of Frankrfurt. [1]
- May 28
- Hernando de Soto lands in Florida. [1]
- May 30
- Spanish explorer Fernando de Soto discovers Florida. [1]
- June 3
- Hernando De Soto claims Florida for Spain. [1] [5]
- December 29
- Saint Jacobs Church burns after being hit by lightning. [1]
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