- March 4
- English fleet under Admiral Ogle reaches Cartagena. [1]
- March 9
- English fleet under Admiral Ogle begins assault on Cartagena. [1]
- April 10
- Prussians defeat Austrians at Mollwitz. [1]
- April 13
- Dutch people protest bad quality of bread. [1]
- Royal Military Academy forms at Woolwich. [1]
- May 8
- France and Bavaria sign Covenant of Nymphenburg. [1]
- May 28
- Spain and Bavaria sign treaty. [1]
- June 30
- Pope Benedict XIV encyclical forbidding traffic in alms. [1]
- September 16
- George Frederick Handel's The Messiah premieres in Dublin. [5]
- December 7
- Elisabeth Petrovna becomes tsarina of Russia. [1]
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- December 25
- Astronomer Anders Celcius introduces Centigrade temperature scale. [1]
- December 27
- Prussian forces took Olmutz, Czechoslovakia. [1]
1742
- January 24
- German leaders elect Charles VII Albert Emperor. [1]
- February 1
- Sardinia and Austria sign alliance. [1]
- February 2
- British Walpole government resigns. [1]
- February 9
- British ex-premier Walpole becomes earl of Orford. [1]
- February 16
- Earl of Wilmington becomes British premier. [1]
- April 13
- George Frideric Händel's "Messiah" performed for first time (Dublin). [1]
- May 17
- Frederick great (Emperor of Prussia) beats Austrians. [1]
- May 28
- First indoor swimming pool opens (Goodman's Fields, London). [1]
- September 24
- Faneuil Hall opens to the public. [1]
- December 1
- Empress Elisabeth orders expulsion of all Jews from Russia. [1]
- December 13
- Willem KH Friso tests his mothers potatoes. [1]
1743
- February 3
- Philadelphia establishes a "pesthouse" to quarantine immigrants. [1]
- February 8
- Comet C/1743 C1 approaches within 0.0390 astronomical units (AUs) of Earth. [1]
- March 5
- First US religious journal, The Christian History, published, Boston. [1]
- March 14
- First American town meeting (Boston's Faneuil Hall). [1]
- March 23
- George Frideric Händel's oratorio "Messiah" premieres in London. [1]
- June 23
- Peace between Sweden and Russia is signed at Åbo. Part of south-east Finland is ceded to Russia. Adolf Fredrik of Holstein-Gottorp is elected as heir to the Swedish throne. [7]
- June 27
- English defeat French at Dettingen. [1]
1744
- February 8
- French/Spanish fleet leaves Toulon. [1]
- February 9
- Battle at Toulon (French/Spanish versus English fleet of Admiral Matthews). [1]
- February 22
- Battle at Toulon English-French and Spanish fleet. [1]
- March 15
- French King Louis XV declares war on England. [1]
- May 17
- French army takes Austrian Netherlands. [1]
- May 31
- French troops conquer Kortrijk. [1]
- October 4
- British warship HMS Victory sinks in the English channel in a storm, taking down 1150 sailors and four tons of Portuguese gold. [298.1] (October 5 [480.5])
- December 31
- James Bradley announces discovery of Earth's motion of nutation (wobble). [1]
1745
- January 6
- Bonnie Prince Charlies army draws to Glasgow. [1]
- January 8
- England, Austria, Netherlands and Saxon sign anti-Prussian Quadruple Alliance. [1]
- February 15
- Colley Cibbers "Papal Tyranny" premieres in London. [1]
- February 18
- Bonnie Prince Charlie's troops occupy Inverness Scotland. [1]
- February 20
- Bonnie Prince Charlie's troops occupy Fort August, Scotland. [1]
- March 9
- Bells for first American carillon shipped from England to Boston. [1]
- March 31
- Jews are expelled from Prague. [1]
- April 2
- Austria and Bavaria sign peace. [1]
- May 11
- Battle of Fontenoy (Doornik): Austrian Succession war. [1]
- May 18
- Treaty of Leopzig, or Union of Warsaw, with thrice-secret Treaty of Warsaw between Polish and Hungarian Majesty, for partitioning Prussia. [920.7]
- June 4
- Prussians defeat Austrians at Hohenfriedeberg. [1]
- June 17
- American colonials capture Louisburg, Cape Breton I from French. [1]
- August 12
- An Act of English Parliament offers 30,000 pounds for the capture of Bonnie Prince Charlie. [832.88]
- September 17
- Charles Edward Stuart AKA Bonnie Prince Charlie returns to Scotland. [858.9]
- December 4
- Bonnie Prince Charles reaches Derby. [1]
- December 10
- Bonnie Prince Charles' army draws into Manchester. [1]
- December 15
- Battle at Kesseldorf: Prussia beats Saksen and Austria. [1]
- December 17
- Bonnie Prince Charlie's army retreats to Scotland. [1]
- December 25
- Prussia/Austria sign Treaty of Dresden; gives much of Silesia to the Prussians. [1]
- December 31
- Bonnie Prince Charlie's army meets with de Esk. [1]
1746
- January 14
- Bonnie Prince Charlie's army leaves Glasgow. [1]
- January 17
- Battle of Falkirk, Scotland-Prince Charles Edward Stuart defeated by Scots. [1]
- January 19
- Bonnie Prince Charlie's troops occupy Stirling. [1]
- February 10
- English Pelham government resigns. [1]
- February 14
- Henry Pelham appointed English premier. [1]
- February 20
- Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Castle of Inverness. [1]
- February 22
- French troops conquer Brussels. [1]
- Jakobijnse troops vacate Aberdeen. [1]
- February 25
- Cumberlands troops occupy Aberdeen. [1]
- March 3
- Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Castle of Inverness. [1]
- March 5
- Jakobijnse troops leave Aberdeen. [1]
- March 8
- Cumberland's troops occupy Aberdeen. [1]
- April 16
- Battle at Culloden Troops of "James VIII and III" defeat Charles Stuart. [1]
- April 27
- Battle at Culloden Moor Duke of Cumberland beats "James VIII and III". [1]
- May 22
- Russia and Austria sign treaty of cooperation against Prussia. [1] [920.8]
- August 12
- Wearing of Highland clothes made illegal in Scotland. [832.87]
- October 22
- Princeton University (New Jersey) received its charter. [1]
1747
- April 17
- French troops occupy Zeeuws-Flanders, Netherlands. [1]
- April 25
- Prince Willem V appointed viceroy of Zealand. [1]
- May 3
- Willem IV appointed viceroy of Holland/Utrecht. [1]
- May 4
- Willem IV appointed viceroy of Overijssel. [1]
- May 16
- Prince Willem V sworn in as Admiral-General of Netherlands. [1]
- October 29
- Dutch treasure ship Reygersdahl sinks off the coast of Cape Town, South Africa. [450.52]
- December 9
- England and Netherlands sign military treaty. [1]
1748
- January 26
- England, Netherlands, Austria and Sardinia sign anti-French treaty. [1]
- March 19
- English Naturalization Act passes granting Jews right to colonize US. [1]
- April 1
- Ruins of Pompeii found. [1]
- April 30
- Ceasefire at Aken ends. [1]
- French troops occupy Maastricht. [1]
- May 7
- French troops conquer Maastricht. [1]
- August 15
- United Lutheran Church of US organized. [1]
- October 18
- Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, ends War of Austrian Succession. [1]
- December 26
- France and Austria signs treaty about Southern Netherlands. [1]
1749
- February 10
- 10th (final) volume of Fielding's "Tom Jones" is published. [1]
- February 28
- First edition of Henry Fieldings' "Tom Jones" published. [1]
- May 2
- Empress Maria Theresa signs "Haugwitzschen State reform". [1]
- May 11
- British parliament accept Consolidation Act: fleet reorganization. [1]
- May 19
- George II grants charter to Ohio Company to settle Ohio Valley. [1]
- June 21
- English transport ships land 2576 colonists on what is now Nova Scotia to establish a British military base, naming the town Halifax. [614.36]
- June 25
- General fast because of drought in Massachusetts. [1]
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