Chronology of World History

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URL: http://kpolsson.com/worldhis/

References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2023 December 20.


1200

May 22
  • Peace of Goulet. [1]

1201

March 31
  • Absalon Asserssön Danish archbishop of Lund/statesman, dies. [1]

1202

March 13
  • Mieszko III the Elder, grand duke of Poland (1173-77, 1200-02), dies. [1]
March 30
  • Joachim Van Fiore Italian religious founder (Joachimism), dies. [1]
April 28
  • King Philip II throws out John without Country, from France. [1]

1204

February 1
  • Alexius IV Angelus regent of Byzantium (1203-04), murdered. [1]
April 1
  • Eleanor of Aquitaine wife of Louis VII and Henry II, dies at age 81. [1]
April 12
  • 4th Crusade occupies and plunders Constantinople. [1544.27]
April 13
  • Crusaders occupy Constantinople. [1]
December 12
  • Maimonides [Moses Ben Maimon] Jewish philosopher/talmudic scholar, dies in Cairo at age 69. [1]

1205

March 6
  • Aken, [Philips van Zwaben], crowned Roman-Catholic German King. [1]
April 1
  • Amalrik II King of Cyprus/Jerusalem, dies. [1]
April 15
  • Battle at Adrianople Bulgaria beats Emperor Boudouin of Constantinople. [1]
May 7
  • Ladislaus III Arpad King of Hungary (1204-05), dies at age 5 or 6. [1]

1208

January 15
  • Death of Pierre de Castelnau, a Papal Legate to the Languedoc. Blamed by Pope Innocent III on the Cathars, this leads to a 40-year crusade. [1] [1197.27]
February 24
  • Saint Francis of Assisi, 26, receives his vocation in Portiuncula Italy. [1]

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1209

March 12
  • Djamal al-din Abu Mohammed Iljas Nizami Persian poet, dies. [1]
July 22
  • Town of Béziers, centre of Cathar belief, is decimated in crusade ordered by Pope Innocent III, carried out by Cistercian abbot Arnaud Amaury and his men. He is said to have said "Kill them all - the Lord will know his own." when asked how to tell heretic Cathars from pious Catholic. The town has the Church of Mary Magdelene, and July 22 is the feast day of Mary Magdelene in the Catholic Church. Amaury later writes Pope that 20,000 were killed. This is part of the 40-year Albigensian Crusade. [1118.54] [1197.20]

1210

October 3
  • Hermann von Salza is elected Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. [37]
November 1
  • King John of England begins imprisoning Jews. [1]

1211

March 27
  • Sancho I King of Portugal (1185-1211), dies at age 56. [1]

1212

June 25
  • Simon de Montfort a leader of the crusades, dies at age 67. [1]
July 16
  • Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa; end of Muslim power in Spain. [1]
December 5
  • Derek II of Are Bishop of Utrecht (1197-1212), dies. [1]
December 9
  • Frederik II crowns himself Roman Catholic king. [1]

1213

February 22
  • Wibert of Gembloers benediction/writer/abbot of Gembloers, dies. [1]
May 15
  • English king John names Stephen Langton Archbishop of Canterbury. [1]
December 17
  • Jean de Matha French saint, dies at age 53. [1]

1214

January 8
  • Earl Ferrand of Flanders drops ties with France. [1]
April 30
  • Huguccio/Hugo van Pisa Italian bishop, dies. [1]
June 20
  • University of Oxford in England receives its charter. [5]

1215

May 12
  • English barons serve ultimatum on king John without Country. [1]
June 15
  • In Runnymede, England, King John affixes his royal seal to the Magna Carta. The document guarantees that the king would respect feudal rights and privileges, uphold the freedom of the church, and maintain the nation's laws. [1] [129] [241.9]
November 11
  • 4th Lateran Council (12th ecumenical council) opens in Rome. [1]

1216

May 21
  • French crown prince Louis enters England. [1]
June 16
  • Innocent III pope, dies at age 54. [1]
October 18
  • King John of England dies of dysentery. [1392.17]
December 22
  • Pope Honorius III delegates degree "Religiosam vitam eligentibus". [1]

1217

February 18
  • Alexander Neckum de Sancto Albano English encyclopedist, dies at age 59. [1]

1219

January 16
  • Floods in Northern Netherlands after storm, 1,000s killed. [1]
June 15
  • King Valdemar brought victory for Denmark. [1]

1220

April 15
  • Adolf I archbishop of Cologne, dies. [1]
April 26
  • German king Frederick II grants bishops sovereign rights. [1]

1222

February 4
  • Willem I earl of Holland (1203-22), dies. [1]

1223

March 25
  • Afonso II third King of Portugal (1211-23), dies at age 36. [1]
December 25
  • Saint Francis of Assisi assembles first Nativity scene (Greccio, Italy). [1]

1227

January 6
  • Ferrand of Portugal freed from the Louvre. [1]
March 18
  • Honorius III [Cencio Savelli], Pope (1216-27), dies. [1]
March 19
  • Count Ugolino of Segna elected Pope Gregory IX. [1]
August 18
  • Genghis Khan Mongol conqueror, died. [1]
September 11
  • Death of St. Ludwig IV von Thüringen, during the Crusades. [37]

1229

January 17
  • Albert bishop of Riga/founder (Sword Knights), dies at about age 68. [1]
March 18
  • German emperor Frederick II crowns himself king of Jerusalem. [1]
April 4
  • Hugo van Pierrepont bishop of Liege, dies. [1]
April 12
  • Queen Blanche of Castilië and earl Raymond VII van Toulouse sign peace. [1]

1230

March 9
  • Russian Tsar Ivan Asen II defeats the army of Theodore Komnenos Doukas. [1396.18]
December 15
  • Ottokar I king of Bohemia (1197-1230), dies. [1]

1231

November 17
  • Death of St. Elisabeth von Thüringen (born 1207 in Hungary); devoted to caring for the sick, most notably lepers. [37]

1233

December 28
  • The Charter of Culm is issued by the Teutonic Knights as a part of their efforts to colonize Prussia. The charter granted settlers civic freedoms including the right to elect local judges, the right to free travel, and the right to hereditary possession of land and buildings, guarantees against excessive taxation, and against quartering troops in private homes. [37]

1235

January 2
  • Emperor Joseph II orders Jews of Galicia Austria to adopt family names. [1]

1236

January 14
  • English king Henry III marries Eleonora of Provence. [1]
  • Sava [Rastko] son of Serbia's king/saint, dies at age 64. [1]
September 22
  • Battle of Saule: combined force of Lithuanians and Samogitians defeat attacking Order of Sword-Brothers, at the Misa River. [729.103]
December 23
  • Philippus Cancellarius French theologist/poet (Summa Cum Laude), dies. [1]

1237

January 14
  • Saint Sava son of Serbia's king, dies. [1]
February 13
  • Jordanus of Saxon second general of Dominicans, drowns. [1]
March 23
  • Jan of Brienne King of Jerusalem/Emperor of Constantinople, dies. [1]
May 12
  • The crusading order, "The Swordbrothers" is incorporated into the order, "The Teutonic Knights" by decree of Pope Gregory. [37]

1238

February 7
  • Mongols attack and burn Vladimir in Russia. [118.44]
March 4
  • Some 200,000 Mongols defeat the Russian armies, killing Grand Prince Yuri II. [118.44]

1239

March 20
  • Death of Hermann von Salza in Salerno, Italy (born in Thüringen, Germany, about 1170); Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. [37]

1240

April 11
  • Llywelyn ab Iorwerth the Great monarch of Wales (1194-1240), dies. [1]
April 14
  • Llywelyn ap Iorwerth Prince of Wales, dies. [1]
December 6
  • Mongols under Batu Khan occupy and destroy Kiev. [1]

1241

March 24
  • Kaidu's Mongol army enters abandoned Cracow in Poland, burning the city. [118.45]
April 9
  • Battle of Liegnitz - Mongol armies under Kaidu Khan defeat Poles and Germans. Almost the entire European army perishes. Duke Henry II of Silesia is decapitated. [1] [118.45]
April 11
  • King Béla of Hungary, with 100,000 men, face the army of Mongol leader Batu Khan at the Sajo River. While the Hungarians engage at a stone bridge, the main force of Mongols attack from the south with 30,000 men. Hungarians retreat in a column from their beseiged camp, and are then attacked from both sides. 50-70,000 killed. [118.45]
May 25
  • First attack on Jewish community of Frankfort-on-the-Main Germany. [1]

1242

February 12
  • Hendrik VII Roman Catholics German king (1220-35), commits suicide. [1]
April 5
  • Alexander Nevsky of Novgorod defeats Teutonic Knights. [1]
  • Battle on the More of Pskov Estonia. [1]

1243

October 15
  • Death of St. Hedwig von Schliesen (born 1174 in Bavaria); she dedicated herself to the spread of Christianity, care for the poor and sick and the founding of womens' monasteries. [37]

1244

December 5
  • Johanna of Constantinople countess of Flanders (1205-44), dies. [1]

1245

February 8
  • Johannes de Rupella/de la Rochelle French theologist, dies. [1]
June 28
  • First Council of Lyons (13th ecumenical council) opens. [1]

1247

February 16
  • Hendrik Raspe [Papenking], count of Thüringen, dies. [1]
February 25
  • Hendrik IV duke of Limburg/earl of Bergen (1226-47), dies. [1]

1248

February 1
  • Hendrik II duke of Brabant (1235-48), dies. [1]
May 15
  • Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden lays cornerstone for Köln (Cologne) cathedral. [1] [37]
August 14
  • Construction is begun on the gothic cathedral in Cologne. [1] [37]

1249

December 25
  • Peter Nolascus, Spanish monastery founder/Saint, dies. [1]

1250

April 7
  • Death of St. Hermann Joseph von Steinfeld (born about 1150 in Cologne). [37]
April 15
  • Pope Innoncent III refuses Jews of Cordova Spain to build a synagogue. [1]
May 2
  • Toeransa sultan of Egypt, murdered. [1]
December 13
  • Frederick II German Emperor (1212-1250), dies at age 55. [1]

1252

April 6
  • Peter of Verona [Peter Martyr] Italian inquisitor/st, dies at age 45. [1]
May 30
  • Ferdinand III the holy King of Castilië/León, dies. [1]

1253

April 22
  • Elias van Cortona Italian General (1232-39), dies at about age 53. [1]
April 28
  • Utrecht destroyed by fire. [1]
July 23
  • Jews are expelled from Vienne France by order of Pope Innocent III. [1]
October 9
  • Grosseteste an English scholar, dies at age 78. [1]

1254

May 21
  • Koenraad IV Roman Catholic-German king (1237-54), dies at age 26. [1]
December 7
  • Innocent IV [Sinibaldo dei Fieschi] Pope (1243-54), dies. [1]

1256

January 28
  • Willem II Earl of Holland/German emperor (1238, 47-56), dies at age 22. [1]

1257

August 16
  • King Henry III of England commands the public to accept a new 20-pence gold coin, about 3 grams of pure gold. [309.xiv] [690.54]

1258

March 26
  • Floris the Guardian, count-regent of Holland, dies. [1]
April 5
  • Julian of Cornillon/Liege Flemish visionary/saint, dies. [1]

1259

May 28
  • Christoffel I King of Denmark, dies. [1]
December 4
  • Treaty of Paris between English king Henry III and French king Louis IX. [1458.11]

1260

February 19
  • Boniface of Lausanne, Belgian bishop/saint, dies. [1]
March 1
  • Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquerors Damascus. [1]

1261

February 28
  • Hendrik duke of Brabant (1248-61), dies. [1]
May 25
  • Alexander IV [Rinaldo dei conti di Segni] Pope (1254-61), dies. [1]

1262

January 28
  • Flemish/Dutch coast ravaged by north western storm. [1]
(month unknown)
  • Icelandic chieftains pledge allegiance to Norwegian king at the Althing, ending the Icelandic Commonwealth. [1396.32]
November 28
  • Shinran founder of Japan's True Pure Land Buddhist sect, dies. [1]

1263

March 19
  • Hugo of St-Cher/a S Caro French cardinal, dies. [1]
August 19
  • King James I or Argon censors Hebrew writings. [1]
December 12
  • Hakon IV Gamli, King of Norway (1217-63), dies. [1]

1264

May 12
  • Battle of Lewes begins in England. [241.9]
May 14
  • Baron's War fought in England. [1]
  • Battle at Lewes: Simon van Leicester beats English king Henry III. [1]
August 5
  • Anti-Jewish riots break out in Arnstadt Germany. [1]
October 2
  • Pope Urban IV (1261-64), dies (birth date unknown). [1]
October 3
  • Comet said to predict the death of Pope Urban IV is last seen. [1]

1265

January 20
  • First English Parliament called into session by Earl of Leicester. [1]
January 23
  • First English Parliament formally convened (some authorities). [1]
August 4
  • Simon de Montfort English baron, dies in battle. [1]

1266

February 26
  • Battle of Benevento. [1]
  • Manfred bastard son of Emperor Frederik II/king of Sicily, dies. [1]

1267

February 9
  • Synod of Breslau orders Jews of Silesia to wear special caps. [1]
May 10
  • Vienna's church orders all Jews to wear a distinctive garb. [1]
September 1
  • Ramban (Nachmanides) arrives in Jerusalem to establish Jew community. [1]

1268

October 29
  • Death of Konradin (Konrad der jüngere), beheaded in the marketplace in Naples, Italy (born in Wolfstein, Germany). [37]

1269

October 13
  • Body of King Edward the Confessor is moved to ornate shrine in Westminster Abbey, England. [1321.11]

1270

April 5
  • Ramban Nachmanides Talmudic scholar (Hiddushei Ha-Ramden), dies. [1]
August 25
  • Louis IX of France dies while on his second crusade. [117.10]
October 30
  • 8th and last crusade is launched. [1]

1271

January 10
  • Otto II the Lame, Earl of Gelre, dies. [1]

1272

March 14
  • Re Enzo Italian poet/son of Emp Frederik II von Hohenstaufen, dies. [1]
April 17
  • Zita/Cita Italian maid/saint, dies at about age 59. [1]
November 16
  • Death of King Henry III of England after 56 years reign. [1427.10]
November 20
  • Edward I proclaimed King of England. [1]

1273

October 24
  • Rudolf I is crowned in Aachen as the German King. [37]

1274

March 7
  • Thomas Aquinas, Italian thelogian, religious writer, influenced official policy of Catholic Church, dies at age 48. [1] [117.9]
May 7
  • Second Council of Lyons (14th ecumenical council) opens. [1]

1275

January 6
  • Raymundus of Peñafort Spanish church law scholar, dies. [1]
March 4
  • Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the sun. [5]
May 23
  • King Edward I of England orders cessation of persecution of French Jews. [1]

1276

January 10
  • Gregorius X [Tedaldo Visconti], pope, dies. [1]
January 21
  • Pierre de Tarantaise elected Pope Innocent V. [1]

1277

May 1
  • Stefanus IV Uros I de Great King of Serbia (1243-76), dies. [1]
May 20
  • John XXI [Petrus Juliani/Hispanus] Port Pope (1276-77), dies. [1]

1278

May 10
  • Jews of England imprisoned on charges of coining. [1]
September 8
  • The Acte de Paréage charter institutes Co-Prince system of rule of Andorra, by French and Spanish. [730.86]
November 17
  • 680 Jews arrested (293 hanged) in England for counterfeiting coins. [1]

1279

February 16
  • Afonso III King of Portugal (1248-79), dies. [1]

1280

May 9
  • Magnus VI Lagaboeter King of Norway (1263-80), dies at age 42. [1]
November 15
  • Death of Albertus Magnus (Albert von Bollstädt) in Cologne (born about 1200); German scholar. [1] [37]

1281

February 22
  • Simon de Brion elected Pope Martinus IV. [1]
May 27
  • Flemish Earl Gwijde Dampierre takes financial responsibility of Brugge. [1]

1282

March 30
  • Furious inhabitants of Palermo attack French occupation force. [1]
December 11
  • Llywelyn ab Gruffydd monarch of North Wales (1246-77), dies. [1]
  • Michael VIII Paleologus, Byzantine emperor (1259-82), dies. [1]

1283

June 28
  • King Edward of England captures Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales. [1838.9]

1284

April 4
  • Alfonso X "El Sabio" King of Castilië/León (1252-84), dies at age 62. [1]
June 26
  • According to legend, the Pied Piper lures 130 children away from Hamelin. [5]
October 31
  • The Venetian Council of Forty approves the gold ducat, the origin of the ducat coin. [390.29]

1285

January 7
  • Charles I of Anjou king of Naples/brother of King Louis IX, dies at age 58. [1]
March 28
  • Martinus IV [Simon de Brion], Pope (1281-85), dies. [1]
October 12
  • 180 Jews refuse baptism in Munich Germany, they are set on fire. [1]

1286

March 19
  • Death of King Alexander III of Scotland in a riding accident at Kinghorn Ness. [859.53]

1287

April 3
  • Honorius IV [Giacomo Savelli], Italian Pope (1285-87), dies. [1]
December 14
  • Zuider Zee seawall collapses with loss of 50,000 lives. [1]

1288

February 22
  • Girolamo Masci elected Pope Nicolas IV. [1]
April 24
  • Jews of Yroyes France are accused of ritual murder. [1]
June 16
  • A shareholders' company is formed to safeguard mining of the Falu Copper Mine in Sweden. (This is the earliest recorded reference to the Stora Kopparberg mine, and the first company in recorded history to issue public shares.) [7]

1290

July 18
  • King Henry III orders all Jews expelled from England by November 1. [1379.9]
September 27
  • Earthquake in Gulf of Chili China, reportedly kills 100,000. [1]
December 18
  • Magnus I Ladulås [Barn Bolt] king of Sweden (1277-90), dies. [1]

1291

March 5
  • Sa'ad al'Da'ulah Jewish grand vizier of Persia, assassinated. [1]
May 10
  • Scottish nobles recognize authority of English king Edward I. [1]
May 18
  • Sultan of Egypt and his son take last Christian stronghold of Acre. [1]
July 15
  • Death of Rudolf I in Limburg-im-Breisgau, Germany; first King of the Germans from the Habsburg dynasty. [37]
August 1
  • Treaty of perpetual alliance signed by representatives of Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden cantons of Switzerland, on Rütli Meadow near Lake Lucerne. (This becomes the basis of Swiss Confederation.) [1] [915.60]

1292

April 4
  • Nicholas IV [Girolamo Masci] Pope (1288-92), dies. [1]
June 24
  • Graf Adolf von Nassau is crowned German King at Aachen. [37]
November 17
  • King Edward of England, acting as lord superior of Scotland, gives judgement in favor of John Balliol as new King of Scotland. [859.59]
December 8
  • John Peckham English archbishop of Canterbury, dies at age 62. [1]
December 9
  • Sa'di great Persian poet (Orchard, Rose Garden), dies. [1]

1293

May 20
  • Earthquake strikes Kamakura Japan, 30,000 killed. [1]

1294

February 1
  • Louis II the Stern, ruler of Upper-Bayern, dies. [1]
May 3
  • Jan I duke of Brabant/Limburg/poet, dies. [1]
  • John II becomes duke of Brabant/Limburg. [1]
June 30
  • Jews are expelled from Berne Switzerland. [1]
December 10
  • Pope Coelestinus V becomes Pope (until December 13th). [1]
December 13
  • Pope Coelestinus V ends term. [1]
December 24
  • Cardinal Benedetto Gaetani chosen as Pope Boniface VIII. [1]

1295

April 25
  • Sancho IV the Brave, scholar/king of Castile/León, dies. [1]

1296

January 9
  • Earl Floris V signs accord with French king. [1]
February 24
  • Pope Boniface VIII degree Clericis Iaicos. [1]
May 19
  • Celestine V [Pietro del Murrone] Pope (1294), dies. [1]

1297

April 17
  • Willem van Afflighem Flemish poet/abbot Saint Truiden, dies at about age 86. [1]

1298

March 14
  • Petrus Johannis Olivi South France theologist, dies. [1]
July 2
  • Death of Graf Adolf von Nassau near Worms, Germany; King of the Germans until deposed by the Habsburg, Albert I. [37]
July 22
  • English defeat Scots at Battle of Falkirk. [1]
July 23
  • Jews are massacred at Wurzburg Germany. [1]
October 19
  • Rindfleish-140 Jews of Heilbron Germany are murdered. [1]

1299

November 19
  • Death of St. Mechtilde von Hackeborn (born about 1241 near Halle (Germany)). [37]

End of 1200-1299. Next: 1300.

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start-302 303-599 600-799 800-999 1000-1099 1100-1199 1200-1299 1300-1401 1402-1449 1450-1474
1475-1499 1500-1524 1525-1539 1540-1559 1560-1574 1575-1599 1600-1619 1620-1629 1630-1639 1640-1649
1650-1659 1660-1669 1670-1679 1680-1689 1690-1699 1700-1708 1709-1719 1720-1739 1740-1749 1750-1759
1760-1769 1770-1774 1775-1779 1780-1784 1785-1789 1790-1794 1795-1799 1800-1804 1805-1809 1810-1814
1815-1819 1820-1824 1825-1829 1830-1834 1835-1836 1837-1839 1840-1844 1845-1847 1848-1849 1850-1852
1853-1854 1855-1859 1860-1861 1862-1864 1865-1867 1868-1869 1870-1871 1872-1874 1875-1877 1878-1879
1880-1882 1883-1884 1885-1887 1888-1889 1890-1892 1893-1894 1895 1896-1897 1898-1899 1900-1901
1902 1903-1904 1905 1906-1907 1908-1909 1910-1911 1912 1913 1914 1915
1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925
1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935
1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022-end


A list of references to all source material is available.


Last updated: 2023 December 20.
Copyright © 2007-2024 Ken Polsson (email: ken@kpolsson.com).
URL: http://kpolsson.com/worldhis/
Link to Ken P's home page.

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