References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 April 30.

1830 January 7 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Co begins carrying revenue traffic - first US Railroad Station (Baltimore MD). [1] Charlotte J T infant of Portugal's ex, dies at 53. [1] January 8 Dutch King Willem I fires him displeasing parliament members. [1] January 13 Great fire in New Orleans thought to be set by rebel slaves. [1] January 14 Johann G Repsold German instrument maker, dies at 59. [1] January 17 W Waiblinger writer, dies. [1] January 19 Wenzel Thomas Matiegka composer, dies at 56. [1] January 20 Michal Bogdanowicz composer, dies at 50. [1] January 21 Portsmouth (Ohio) blacks forcibly deported. [1] January 28 The opera "Fra Diavolo" is produced (Paris). [1] February 7 Marcus Antonio da Fonseca Portugal Portuguese composer, dies at 67. [1] February 18 Charles G G Earl of Merode, mayor (Brussels), dies at 67. [1] February 25 Victor Hugo's "Hernani" premieres in Paris. [1] March 4 V Bellini's opera "I Capuleti e i Montecchi" premieres in Venice. [1] March 16 London's re-organised police force (Scotland Yard) forms. [1] New York Stock Exchange slowest day ever (31 shares traded). [1] April 1 Carl Borromaus Neuner composer, dies at 51. [1] April 6 Joseph Smith and five others organize Mormon church in Seneca County, New York. [1] April 11 Robert Schumann attends piano concerto by Paganini. [1] April 18 Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia composer, dies at 62. [1] April 22 Knud L Rahbek Danish literary/historian, dies at 69. [1] May 3 First regular steam train passenger service starts. [1] May 13 Republic of Ecuador is founded, with Juan Jose Flores as president. [1] May 16 Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier mathematician, dies. [1] May 18 Edwin Budding of England signs an agreement for manufacture of his invention, the lawn mower - Saturdays are destroyed forever. [1] May 20 First railroad timetable published in newspaper (Baltimore American). [1] May 24 "Mary Had A Little Lamb" is written. [1] First passenger rail service in US (Baltimore and Elliots Mill, Maryland). [1] May 28 US Congress authorizes Indian removal from all states to western prairie. [1] July 5 France invades Algeria, begins a 40 year conquest. [1] July 28 Revolution in France replaces Charles X with Louis Philippe. [1] August 4 Plans for the city of Chicago laid out. [1] August 25 Belgium revolts against Netherlands. [1] September 9 Charles Durant, first US aeronaut, flies a balloon from Castle Garden, New York City to Perth Amboy, New Jersey. [1] September 15 First to be run-over by a railroad train (William Huskisson, England). [1] September 18 A horse beats the first US-made locomotive in a race near Baltimore, Maryland. [1] [5] September 20 First National Black convention meets (Philadelphia). [1] October 4 Provisional government declares secession of Belgium from Netherlands. [1] November 13 Oliver Wendell Holmes publishes "Old Ironsides". [1] December 5 Hector Berlioz' "Symphonique fantastique" premieres in Paris. [1] December 8 H Benjamin Constant French politician/writer, dies at 63. [1] December 17 Simon Bolivar President of Colombia, dies at 47 in Colombia. [1] December 20 England, France, Prussia, Austria and Russia recognize Belgium. [1] December 25 Hector Berlioz's "Symphony Fantastic" premieres. [1] December 26 Gaetano Donizetti's opera "Anna Bolena" premieres in Milan. [1] December 28 Adrien-Joseph van Helmont composer, dies at 83. [1] 1831 January 1 William Lloyd Garrison publishes first issue of abolitionist journal. [1] January 2 Liberator, abolitionist newspaper, begins publishing in Boston. [1] January 3 First US building and loan association organized, Frankford Pennsylvania. [1] January 4 Nikola P Neofit Rilski Bulgaria abbot/poet, dies at 37. [1] January 6 Rodolphe Kreutzer French composer/violinist (Kreutzersonate), dies at 64. [1] January 8 Franz Vinzenz Krommer composer, dies at 71. [1] January 15 First US-built locomotive to pull a passenger train makes first run; Mr and Mrs Pierson of Charleston South Carolina make first US railroad honeymoon trip. [1] January 21 Achim vs Arnim writer, dies at 49. [1] January 22 Charles Darwin takes his Bachelor of Arts exam. [1] February 5 Jan van Speijk blows up his gunboat in Antwerp, killing about 30. [1] John CJ van Speijk commits suicide at 29. [1] February 7 Belgium adopts its Constitution. [1] February 14 Vincente Guerrero Mexican revolutionary hero, dies. [1] February 15 Henry Maudslay inventor (metal lathe), dies. [1] February 19 First practical US coal-burning locomotive makes first trial run, Pennsylvania. [1] February 20 Polish revolutionaries defeat Russians in battle of Growchow. [1] March 2 John Frazee becomes first US sculptor to receive a federal commission. [1] March 4 Georg Michael Telemann composer, dies at 82. [1] March 6 Edgar Allen Poe removed from West Point military academy. [1] Vincenzo Bellini's opera "La Sonnambula" premieres in Milan. [1] March 9 Friedrich M Klinger German (stage)author (Plimplamplasko), dies at 79. [1] March 12 Johann Franz Volkert composer, dies at 64. [1] March 19 First US bank robbery (City Bank, New York/$245,000). [1] March 26 Richard Allen AME Church Bishop, dies at 71. [1] March 31 Mainzer Rijnvaart Convention ends. [1] Québec and Montréal incorporated. [1] April 2 Charles Felix blind King of Sardina (1821-31), dies at 74. [1] April 7 Dom Pedro abdicates to son, Dom Pedro II crowned emperor of Brazil. [1] April 9 Robert Jenkins loses an ear, starts war between Britain and Spain. [1] April 13 Ferdinand Kauer composer, dies at 80. [1] May 1 Antonius van Alphen apostle vicar of De Bosch, dies at 82. [1] May 5 Friedrich Ludwig Seidel composer, dies at 65. [1] May 13 Christian G Körner German lawyer, dies at 74. [1] May 24 Benjamin Carr composer, dies at 62. [1] May 26 Georg Hermes German philosopher/theologist (Hermenianen), dies. [1] June 6 Second national black convention (Philadelphia). [1] July 4 James Monroe 5th president, dies. [1] July 21 Belgium gains independence from Netherland, Leopold I made king. [1] August 1 London Bridge opens. [1] August 9 First US steam engine train run (Albany to Schenectady, New York). [1] August 10 Former slave Nat Turner led violent insurrection against slavery. [1] August 13 Nat Turner leads uprising of slaves in Virginia. [1] August 21 Nat Turner slave revolt kills 55 (Southampton County, Virginia). [1] August 24 Charles Darwin is asked to travel on the HMS Beagle. [5] October 21 Nat Turner 19 associates, hung. [1] November 11 Nat Turner former slave, led a violent insurrection, hanged in Virginia. [1] November 22 The opera "Robert Le Diable" is produced (Paris). [1] December 1 Erie Canal closes for entire month due to cold weather. [1] December 2 Traugott Maximilian Eberwein composer, dies at 56. [1] December 5 Former President John Quincy Adams takes his seat as member of House of Representatives. [1] December 8 James Hoban architect who designed the White House, dies. [1] December 10 "Spirit of the Times" begins publishing (weekly horse racing sheet). [1] December 11 John George Schetky composer, dies at 55. [1] December 15 Paul R Cantzlaar Governor of Saba/Curaçao/Dutch-West Indies, dies at 60. [1] December 18 Willem Bilderdijk Dutch poet/literary (My Relief), dies at 75. [1] December 25 Louisiana and Arkansas are first states to observe Christmas as holiday. [1] December 26 Vincenzo Bellini's opera "Norma" premieres in Milan. [1] December 27 Darwin begins his voyage to South America on board the HMS Beagle. [1] 1832 January 4 Insurrection of Trinidad negroes. [1] January 6 New England Anti-Slavery Society organizes (Boston). [1] January 16 Charles Darwin lands at San Tiago, Cape Verde. [1] January 17 Johannes van den Bosch appointed Governor-General of Dutch-Indies. [1] February 1 Ecco Epkema Dutch classic linguist (Frisian/Old Frisian), dies at 71. [1] February 3 George Crabbe English vicar/poet (Borough), dies at 77. [1] February 6 First appearance of cholera at Edinburgh, Scotland. [1] US ship destroys Sumatran village in retaliation for piracy. [1] February 10 Antonio Benedetto Maria Puccini composer, dies at 84. [1] February 12 Ecuador annexes Galápagos Islands. [1] February 13 First appearance of cholera at London. [1] February 15 Hardenack Otto Conrad Zinck composer, dies at 85. [1] February 16 HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reaches St-Pauls (1 degrees N, 29 degrees W). [1] February 20 Charles Darwin visits Fernando Noronha in Atlantic Ocean. [1] February 22 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe poet, Weimar, Germany. [1] February 26 Polish constitution abolished/replaced by Czar Nicholas I. [1] February 29 Charles Darwin visits jungle near Bahia Brazil. [1] March 10 Muzio Clementi Italian composer, dies at 79. [1] March 12 Daniel Friedrich Kuhlau German/Danish opera composer, dies at 45. [1] March 22 J W Goethe writer, dies at 82. [1] March 23 British Parliament passes reform bill. [1] Vaclav Vilem Wurfel composer, dies at 41. [1] March 24 Mormon Joseph Smith beaten, tarred and feathered in Ohio. [1] April 1 Robert the Hermit US ex-slave/hermit in Massachusetts, dies. [1] April 4 Charles Darwin aboard HMS Beagle reaches Rio de Janeiro. [1] April 8 Charles Darwin begins trip through Rio de Janeiro. [1] May 4 Jan van Speyck Dutch Admiral, buried in New Church. [1] May 7 Greece becomes independent republic. [1] Otto of Bavaria is chosen king of Greece. [1] May 12 Gaetano Donizetti's opera "L'Elisir D'amore" premieres in Milan. [1] May 13 Georges Cuvier French zoologist (La Règne Animal), dies at 62. [1] May 14 Felix Mendelssohn's "Hebrides" premieres. [1] John van Speijk Dutch heroic sailor, buried. [1] May 15 Carl Friedrich Zelter composer, dies at 73. [1] May 18 Bonafacio Asioli composer, dies at 62. [1] May 21 First Democratic National Convention (Baltimore). [1] May 26 François-Louis Perne composer, dies at 59. [1] May 30 Evariste Galois give his theory on free assembly (dies in duel May 31). [1] May 31 Évariste Galois French revolutionary/mathematician, dies at 20. [1] June 4 Third national black convention meets (Philadelphia). [1] June 16 Battle of Kellogg's Grove, Illinois. [1] July 4 "America" first sung publicly. [1] July 10 President Jackson vetoed legislation to re-charter second Bank of US. [1] July 13 Henry Rowe Schoolcraft discovers the source of the Mississippi River. [1] [5] July 25 First railroad accident in US, Granite Railway, Quincy, Mass-1 dies. [1] August 2 1,300 Illinois militia defeat Sac and Fox indians, end Black Hawk War. [1] Black Hawk defeated (Iowa). [1] Whites decimate Indians in Battle of Bad Axe River, Wisc. [1] August 15 Gregory XVI encyclical On liberalism and religious indifferentism. [1] November 14 First streetcar (horse-drawn) (John Mason) debuts in New York City; fare 12c rode on 4th Avenue between Prince and 14th Sts. [1] November 23 French take Antwerp in liberation of Belgium. [1] November 24 South Carolina passes Ordinance of Nullification. [1] November 26 First streetcar railway in America starts operating (New York City) (12-cent fare). [1] December 4 French army begins bombing citadel of Antwerp. [1] December 5 Andrew Jackson re-elected President of US, Martin Van Buren Vice-President. [1] December 17 HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin sails in Strait Le Maire. [1] December 18 Charles Darwin visits Vurland. [1] December 22 HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reaches Barnevelts Islands. [1] Ishmail Spicer composer, dies at 72. [1] December 23 Dutch troops in Antwerp surrender. [1] December 24 First US Negro hospital founded by whites chartered, Savannah GA. [1] HMS Beagle anchors in Wigwam Bay at Cape Receiver. [1] December 25 Charles Darwin celebrates Christmas in Saint Martin at Cape Receiver. [1] December 28 John Calhoun becomes first Vice-President to resign (differences with President Jackson). [1] December 30 Colonel Abijah Hammond owned large portion of Greenwich Village, dies. [1] 1833 January 1 British government demands Falkland islands. [1] Curaçao census 2,602 whites, 6,531 free people and 5,894 slaves. [1] January 3 Britain seizes control of Falkland Islands in South Atlantic. [1] January 7 Ramon Felix Cuellar y Altarriba composer, dies at 55. [1] January 8 Boston Academy of Music, first US music school, established. [1] January 10 Adrien Marie Legendre dies. [1] Antoinio da Silva Leite composer, dies at 73. [1] Felix Mendelssohn's "Die erste Walpurgisnacht" premieres in Berlin. [1] January 12 Marie-Antoine Carème author (Pattissier Royal Parisien), dies at 48. [1] January 15 HMS Beagle anchors at Goeree Tierra del Fuego. [1] January 17 James Ball Antyne Scot founder (Ball Antyne Press), dies at about 60. [1] William Rush Indian sculptor (Spirit of the Schuylkill), dies. [1] January 19 Charles Darwin reaches Straits Ponsonby, Fireland. [1] Louis-J-Ferdinand Hérold French composer (Pré aux clercs), dies at 41. [1] January 23 Joseph Pease, a Quaker, admitted to Parliament on his affirmation. [1] January 26 Gaetano Donizetti's opera "Lucrezia Borgia" premieres in Milan. [1] February 18 Georg Johann Schinn composer, dies at 64. [1] Ignac Ruzitska composer, dies at 55. [1] March 7 Rahel Varnhagen von Ense-Levin German author, dies at 61. [1] March 11 Fridolin Weber composer, dies at 71. [1] March 16 Susan Hayhurst becomes first US woman grad of a pharmacy college. [1] March 17 Phoenix Society forms (New York). [1] March 20 US and Siam conclude commercial treaty. [1] April 7 Antoni Henryk Radziwill Lithuanian/Polish composer, dies at 57. [1] April 9 First tax-supported public library (Peterborough New Hampshire). [1] April 22 First scheduled commercial bus service by London & Paddington Steam Carriage Company, between Paddington and London, England. [55.29] Richard Trevithick inventor (steam locomotive), dies at 62. [1] April 24 Patent granted for first soda fountain to Jacob Evert and George Dulty. [1] May 2 Czar Nicolas bans public sale of serfs. [1] May 6 John Deere makes first steel plow. [1] May 10 François Andrieux French writer/politician, dies at 74. [1] May 11 "Lady-of-the-Lake" strikes iceberg and sinks in N Atlantic; kills 215. [1] May 14 Johann Wilhelm Cornelius von Konigslow composer, dies at 88. [1] May 15 Edmund Kean English actor (Shylock), dies at 46. [1] May 28 Johann Christian Friedrich Haeffner composer, dies at 74. [1] May 29 William Marshall composer, dies at 84. [1] May 30 Josef Slavik composer, dies at 27. [1] June 3 4th national black convention meets (Philadelphia). [1] June 5 Ada Lovelace (future first computer programmer) meets Charles Babbage. [1] June 27 Prudence Crandall, a white woman, arrested for conducting an academy. [1] August 10 Chicago incorporates as a village of about 200. [1] August 23 Britain abolishes slavery in colonies; 700,000 slaves freed. [1] September 3 New York Sun begins publishing (first daily newspaper). [1] September 4 First newsboy hired (Barney Flaherty-New York Sun). [1] September 28 Lemuel Haynes Revolutionary War veteran, dies at 88. [1] October 2 New York Anti-Slavery Society organized. [1] October 29 First US college fraternity to have a fraternity house founded. [1] December 3 Oberlin College in Ohio, first truly coeducational college opens. [1] December 4 American Anti-Slavery Society formed by Arthur Tappan in Philadelphia. [1] December 6 HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin departs Rio de la Plata. [1] December 10 Dieudonne-Pascal Pieltain composer, dies at 79. [1] December 13 HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin arrives in Port Deseado, Patagonie. [1] December 16 Friedrich August Kanne composer, dies at 55. [1] December 17 Kaspar Hauser German son of grand duke Karel of Bathe, murdered at 21. [1] December 25 Charles Darwin celebrates Christmas in Port Desire, Patagonia. [1] 1834 January 1 German Customs Union comes into force. [1] [37] January 5 Kiowa Indians record this as the night the stars fell. [1] January 9 HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin arrives in Port San Julian, Patagonia. [1] January 29 President Jackson orders first use of US troops to suppress a labor dispute. [1] February 4 Amelie Julia Candielle composer, dies at 66. [1] February 12 Friedrich Schleiermacher German theologist/philosopher, dies at 65. [1] February 16 Lionel Lukin life boat pioneer, dies. [1] February 18 First US labor newspaper, "The Man", published, New York City, New York. [1] February 26 First US interstate crime compact (New York-New Jersey) ratified. [1] March 6 Toronto incorporated with William Lyon Mackenzie as its first mayor. [1] March 12 Karl W Feuerbach mathematician (circle of Feuerbach), dies at 33. [1] March 16 HMS Beagle anchors at Berkeley Sound, Falkland Islands. [1] March 18 First railroad tunnel in US completed, in Pennsylvania (275 metre long). [1] March 28 Senate censure President Jackson for taking federal deposits from Bank of US. [1] April 13 HMS Beagle anchors at river mouth of Rio Santa Cruz, Patagonia. [1] April 18 Charles Darwin sails to Rio Santa Cruz up Patagonia. [1] April 29 Charles Darwin's expedition sees top of Andes from Patagonia. [1] May 1 Belgian parliament accept railway laws. [1] May 4 Charles Darwin's expedition reaches 200 km from Atlantic Ocean. [1] May 5 Charles Darwin's expedition begins at Rio Santa Cruz. [1] May 8 Charles Darwin's expedition returns to the Beagle. [1] Prussia, Austria and Russia sign classified accord about Belgium. [1] May 20 Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert de Motier nobleman, dies. [1] Marquis de Lafayette French general, dies. [1] May 23 Charles Wesley composer, dies at 76. [1] May 26 Portuguese Civil war ends, Dom Miguel capitulates. [1] June 2 5th national black convention meet (New York City). [1] June 14 Hardhat diving suit patented by Leonard Norcross, Dixfield, Maine. [1] Sandpaper patented by Isaac Fischer Jr, Springfield, Vermont. [1] June 21 Cyrus Hall McCormick patents reaping machine. [1] June 30 US Congress creates Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). [1] July 5 Provisional government established in Oregon Country. [1] August 1 Slavery abolished in British empire. [1] August 18 Mt Vesuvius erupts. [1] October 14 First black to obtain a US patent, Henry Blair, for a corn planter. [1] November 1 First published reference to poker (as Mississippi riverboat game). [1] November 14 William Thomson enters Glasgow University at 10 years 4 months. [1] November 25 Delmonico's, one of NY's finest restaurants, provides a meal of soup, steak, coffee and half a pie for 12 cents. [1] December 3 First US dental society organized (New York). [1] December 6 Jonas Daniel Meyer Dutch lawyer, dies at 54. [1] December 7 Ludwig Schuncke composer, dies at 23. [1] December 23 Joseph Hansom of London receives patent for Hansom cabs. [1] December 25 Charles Darwin celebrates Christmas on Beagle at Tres Montes, Chile. [1]