- February 6
- New Jersey issues first US railroad charter (John Stevens). [1]
- February 15
- Treaty of Ghent fully ratified, ending War of 1812. [118.32]
- February 17
- Franz Gotz composer, dies at age 59. [1]
- February 18
- Treaty of peace with Great Britain proclaimed. [1]
- February 19
- Leonhard von Call composer, dies at age 47. [1]
- February 24
- Robert Fulton steamboat pioneer, dies. [1]
- February 26
- Napoleon and 1,200 leave Elba to start 100-day re-conquest of France. [1]
- March 1
- Sunday observance in Netherlands regulated by law. [1]
- March 3
- US declares war on Algiers for taking US prisoners and demanding tribute. [1]
- March 16
- Willem I proclaimed king of the Netherlands, including Belgium. [1]
- March 20
- Napoleon enters Paris after escape from Elba, begins 100-day rule. [1] [5]
- April 5
- Eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa Java). [1]
- April 6
- English militia shoots prisoners, 100's killed. [1]
- April 10
- Austria declares war on realm of Naples. [1]
- May 3
- Battle at Tolentino: Austria beats king Joachim of Naples. [1]
- May 21
- Roman Hoffstetter composer, dies at age 73. [1]
- May 24
- George Evans discovers Lachlan River, Australia. [1]
- May 29
- Cornelis de Gijselaar politician/patriot, dies at age 64. [1]
- June 8
- 39 German states unite under the Act of Confederation. [1]
- June 18
- Battle of Waterloo: Napoléon defeated by Wellington and Blücher. [1] [118.9]
- June 22
- Second abdication of Napoleon (after Waterloo). [1]
- (month unknown)
- The Chassigny meteorite falls in France. (It is later shown to be from Mars.) [523.106]
- July 15
- Napoleon Bonaparte captured. [1]
- August 6
- US flotilla ends piracy by Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. [1]
- August 8
- Napoleon Bonaparte set sail for exile on Saint Helena. [1]
- September 24
- John Sevier indian fighter, dies at age 70. [1]
- October 31
- Sir Humphrey Davy of London patents miner's safety lamp. [1]
- November 27
- Cracow (Poland) declared a free republic. [1]
- December 7
- Michel Ney French marshal (Waterloo), murdered at age 46. [1]
- December 15
- Rossini gets assignment for Il barbiere di Siviglia. [1]
- December 19
- Michel Woldemar composer, dies at age 65. [1]
- Robert Hudson composer, dies at age 83. [1]
- December 20
- Giovanni Meli Sicilian poet (Buccolica), dies at age 75. [1]
- December 22
- José Maria Morelos, Mexican revolutionary priest, executed by Spaniards. [1]
- December 29
- Saartjie Baartman the Hottentot Venus, dies in Paris. [1]
1816
- January 1
- François Alexander Sallantin composer, dies at age 60. [1]
- January 12
- France decrees Bonaparte family excluded from the country forever. [1]
- January 15
- Henry Harington composer, dies at age 88. [1]
- January 22
- Lord Byron completes "Parisina" and "The Siege of Corinth". [1]
- January 27
- Samuel Hood first Viscount Hood/admiral, dies. [1]
- January 30
- Reinier Vinkeles Dutch engraver/cartoonist/art collector, dies at age 74. [1]
- February 4
- Meingosus Gaelle composer, dies at age 63. [1]
- February 5
- Rossini's Opera "Barber of Seville" premieres in Rome. [1]
- February 10
- Johann Paul Aegidius Martini composer, dies at age 74. [1]
- February 13
- Teatro San Carlo in Naples destroyed by fire. [1]
- February 20
- Rossini's opera "The Barber of Seville" premieres in Rome. [1]
- February 22
- Adam Ferguson Scottish sociologist/historian, dies at age 92. [1]
- February 27
- Dutch regain Suriname. [1]
- February 29
- Dutch (King) Willem II marries Russian grand-duchess Anna Paulowna. [1]
- March 6
- Jews are expelled from Free city of Lubeck Germany. [1]
- March 18
- Johann Paul Schulthesius composer, dies at age 67. [1]
- March 20
- US Supreme Court affirms its right to review state court decisions. [1]
- March 23
- Ignaz Vitzthumb composer, dies at age 95. [1]
- April 9
- African Methodist Episcopal Church organizes (Philadelphia PA). [1]
- April 10
- Second Bank of US chartered. [1]
- May 5
- American Bible Society organized (New York). [1]
- May 10
- English steamship "Defiance" arrives at Rotterdam harbor. [1]
- May 11
- American Bible Society forms (New York). [1]
- May 29
- Madame L'Ouverture widow of Haiti's leader Toussaint L'O, dies. [1]
- June 6
- 10 inches of snowfall in New England, the "year without a summer" (due to volcano Krakatoa). [1]
- June 22
- An English statute establishes a single gold standard for money, with silver coins reduced to status of tokens of limited legal tender. [309.xvi,76] [444.42]
- July 1
- French frigate Medusa wrecked; basis of Géricault's Raft of the Medusa. [1]
- July 3
- French frigate "Medusa" runs aground off Cap Blanc. Gross. [1]
- July 8
- Frost in Waltham, Massachusetts. [1]
- July 9
- Argentina declares independence from Spain. [1] [5] [390.12]
- July 19
- Survivors of French frigate Medusa rescued off Senegal after 17 days. [1]
- July 27
- Fort Blount on Apalachicola Bay Florida, attacked by US Troops. [1]
- August 3
- In England, an Order in Council decrees that future gold coins would be the sovereign (20 shillings) and half sovereigns (10 shillings), 22-karats fine, with no more guineas or 7-shilling pieces. [309.76]
- October 7
- First double decked steamboat, the Washington, arrived in New Orleans. [1]
- December 4
- James Monroe (Virginia), elected 5th President, defeating Federalist Rufus King. [1]
- December 10
- Dutch regain Sumatra. [1]
- December 11
- Citizens of Geneva thwarted Savoyard invaders. [1]
- Indiana becomes the 19th U.S. state. [1] [5]
- December 13
- Patent for a dry dock issued to John Adamson, Boston. [1]
- December 15
- Joseph Franz Maximilian Lobkowitz composer, dies at age 44. [1]
- December 16
- Vincenzo Galeotti [Tomazelli] Italian dancer/choreographer, dies at age 73. [1]
- December 28
- American Colonization Society organizes. [1]
1817
- January 1
- Martin H Klaproth German chemist (uranium), dies at age 73. [1]
- January 18
- San Martin leads a revolutionary army over Andes. [1]
- January 22
- English freighter Diana sinks off Malaysia. [1]
- January 31
- Franz Grillparzer's "Die Ahnfrau" premieres in Vienna. [1]
- February 5
- First US gas company incorporated, Baltimore (coal gas for street lights). [1]
- February 9
- Franz Wilhelm Tausch composer, dies at age 54. [1]
- February 17
- First US city lit by gas (Baltimore). [1]
- February 18
- Giacomo Quarenghi master builder (Hermitage Theater), dies at age 72. [1]
- February 20
- Martin de Ron composer, dies at age 27. [1]
- March 1
- Luigi Gatti composer, dies at age 77. [1]
- March 2
- First Evangelical church building dedicated, New Berlin Pennsylvania. [1]
- March 3
- Mississippi Territory is divided into Alabama Territory and Mississippi. [1]
- March 13
- Matej Sojka composer, dies at age 77. [1]
- March 18
- Johann Jakob Walder composer, dies at age 67. [1]
- March 25
- Tsar Alexander I recommends formation of Society of Israeli Christians. [1]
- April 4
- André Masséna Duc de Rivoli soldier, dies. [1]
- Prince d'Essing dies. [1]
- April 6
- Bonaventura Furlanetto composer, dies at age 78. [1]
- April 12
- Charles Messier "comet ferret" and catalogs famous "M objects", dies. [1]
- April 15
- First American school for the deaf opens (Hartford Connecticut). [1]
- April 17
- First US school for the deaf founded by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc (American School for the Deaf-Hartford Connecticut). [1]
- April 22
- Curaçao prohibits use of white paint due to fierce sunlight. [1]
- May 15
- Ambonese uprising against Dutch authority, under T Matulesia. [1]
- May 16
- Mississippi River steamboat service begins. [1]
- June 23
- The Montreal Bank (first bank in Canada) is established under Articles of Association. [626.210]
- June 24
- First coffee planted in Hawaii on Kona coast. [1]
- July 4
- Construction on Erie Canal begins with ground-breaking in Utica, New York, USA. The canal will run 350 miles between Buffalo and Albany. [1] [303.49]
- July 12
- First flower show held (Dannybrook, County Cork, Ireland). [1]
- August 18
- Gloucester, Massachusetts, newspapers tells of wild sea serpent seen offshore. [1]
- September 9
- Paul Cuffe entrepreneur/ civil rights activist, dies at age 58. [1]
- September 22
- John Quincy Adams becomes secretary of State. [1]
- October 20
- First Mississippi showboat leaves Nashville on maiden voyage. [1]
- November 3
- The Montreal Bank opens for business (first bank in Canada). [626.210]
- November 25
- First sword swallower in US performs (New York City). [1]
- November 27
- US soldiers attack Florida Indian village, beginning Seminole War. [1]
- December 1
- Justin Heinrich Knechtl composer, dies at age 65. [1]
- December 7
- William Bligh British naval officer of "Bounty" fame dies in London at age 63. [1]
- December 10
- Mississippi admitted as 20th state. [1]
- December 11
- Max von Schenkendorf German poet, dies at age 34. [1]
- December 15
- Maria Walewska [Leszczinska] lover of emperor Napoleon I, dies. [1]
- December 16
- Leaders of Molukkas uprising hanged in Ambon. [1]
- December 30
- First coffee planted in Hawaii (Kona). [1]
1818
- January 1
- Fedele Fenaroli composer, dies at age 87. [1]
- Official reopening of the White House. [1]
- January 2
- Lord Byron completes "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" (4th canto). [1]
- January 21
- Keats writes his poem "On a Lock of Milton's Hair". [1]
- January 26
- On the 30th anniversary of British settlement, Australia Day is first celebrated as an official holiday. [129]
- January 30
- Keats composes his sonnet, "When I Have Fears". [1]
- February 1
- Giuseppi Gazzaniga composer, dies at age 74. [1]
- February 7
- First successful US educational magazine "Academician" begins (New York City, New York). [1]
- February 12
- Chile gains independence from Spain. [1]
- February 13
- George Rogers Clark frontier military leader in Revolutionary War, dies. [1]
- February 14
- John C Hespe Dutch journalist/politician, dies at age 61. [1]
- February 15
- Charles XIII King of Sweden (1809-18)/Norway (1814-18), dies at age 69. [1]
- February 17
- Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun patents "draisine" (early bicycle). [1]
- February 28
- Adriaan Loosjes Pzn Dutch publisher/writer (Moral Stories), dies at age 56. [1]
- March 18
- US Congress approves first pensions for government service. [1]
- March 23
- Nicolas Isouard composer, dies at age 42. [1]
- March 28
- Giuseppe Antonio Capuzzi composer, dies at age 62. [1]
- April 4
- US Congress decided US flag is 13 red and white stripes and 20 stars. [1]
- April 7
- General Andrew Jackson conquers Saint Marks Florida from Seminole Indians. [1]
- April 16
- US Senate ratifies Rush-Bagot amendment (unarmed US-Canada border). [1]
- April 28
- Monroe proclaims naval disarmament on Great Lakes and Lake Champlain. [1]
- May 2
- Herman W Daendels Governor-General of Guinea (1815-18), dies at age 55. [1]
- May 4
- Netherlands and England sign treaty against illegal slave handling. [1]
- May 7
- Leopold Jan Antonin Kozeluh composer, dies at age 70. [1]
- May 8
- Franz Ignaz Kaa composer, dies at age 78. [1]
- May 24
- General Andrew Jackson captures Pensacola Florida. [1]
- May 26
- Michael A Barclay de Tolly Russian fieldmarshal/War Minister, dies. [1]
- May 28
- First steam-vessel to sail Great Lakes launched. [1]
- July 11
- Keats writes "In the Cottage Where Burns Was Born," "Lines Written. [1]
- August 22
- Warren Hastings first governor-general of India (1773-84), dies at age 85. [1]
- August 28
- Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable trader, founder of Chicago, dies. [1]
- October 19
- US and Chicasaw Indians sign a treaty. [1]
- October 20
- 49th parallel established as the border between US and Canada. [1]
- US and Britain agree to joint control of Oregon country. [1]
- November 21
- Russia's Czar Alexander I petitions for a Jewish state in Palestine. [1]
- December 3
- Illinois admitted as 21st US state. [1] [453.70] [498.40]
- December 5
- Bruno Daalberg/Anonymus Belga Secretary of High Council Adel, dies at age 60. [1]
- December 24
- "Silent Night" is composed by Franz Joseph Gruber and first sung the next day. [1] [5]
- December 25
- First US performance of Händel's Messiah, Boston. [1]
- First known Christmas carol ("Silent Night, Holy Night" by Franz Joseph Gruber and Joseph Mohr) sung (Austria). [1]
1819
- January 8
- Christian Gottlob Saupe composer, dies at age 55. [1]
- January 16
- Godert baron van der de Capellen becomes Governor of Dutch-Indies. [1]
- January 20
- Carlos IV King of Spain (1788-1808), dies at age 70. [1]
- January 28
- Sir Stamford Raffles first lands in Singapore. [1]
- February 6
- Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founds freeport harbor Singapore. [1]
- February 19
- British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands. [5]
- February 22
- Spain renounces claims to Oregon Country, Florida (Adams-Onís Treaty). [1]
- February 25
- Filinto Elísio [do Nascimento], Portuguese poet, dies at age 84. [1]
- February 28
- First public performance of a Schubert song, "Schäfers Klageleid". [1]
- March 2
- Territory of Arkansas organized. [1]
- US passed its first immigration law. [1]
- March 9
- Janos Fusz composer, dies at age 41. [1]
- March 10
- Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi writer, dies. [1]
- March 16
- Nicolas Sejan composer, dies at age 73. [1]
- March 23
- August v Kotzebue writer, dies. [1]
- April 2
- First successful agricultural journal ("The American Farmer") begins. [1]
- April 26
- Odd Fellows Lodge is established. [1]
- May 11
- Caspar Furstenau composer, dies at age 47. [1]
- May 16
- Alexander van Bylandt military, dies at age 75. [1]
- May 21
- First bicycles (swift walkers) in US introduced in New York City. [1]
- May 22
- The SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. [1] [5]
- John H van Kinsbergen Lieutenant-Admiral/founder (Corps Marines), dies at age 84. [1]
- June 16
- In Kachchh (Rann of Kutch), Gujarat, India, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs. 1,500 - 2,000 killed. [53]
- June 20
- Savannah becomes first steamship to cross any ocean (Atlantic). The ship uses its steam engine for 90 hours to power a removable paddlewheel, emplying sails for most of the journey. [1] [260.9]
- June 26
- The bicycle is patented. [5]
- July 4
- William Herschel makes last telescopic observation of 1819 comet. [1]
- August 2
- First parachute jump in US. [1]
- August 7
- Battle of Boyacá; Bolívar defeats Spanish in Colombia. [1]
- August 16
- Manchester Massacre; English police charge unemployed demonstrators. [1]
- August 23
- Oliver Hazard Perry naval hero, dies on 34th birthday. [1]
- September 17
- First whaling ship arrives in Hawaii. [1]
- December 9
- Ann C Coleman fiancee of President Buchanan, commits suicide. [1]
- December 14
- Alabama admitted to the Union as the 22nd state. [1]
- December 17
- Congress of Angostura establishes Colombia's independence from Spain. [1]
- December 20
- Louis-Luc Loiseau de Persuis composer, dies at age 50. [1]
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