References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1887 January 1 Birth of Wilhelm Canaris in Aplerbeck, Germany; admiral, head of German military intelligence. [1] [37] January 3 Birth of August Macke in Meschede, Germany; Expressionist painter. [37] Birth of Helen Parkhurst US educator (Education on the Dalton plan). [1] January 10 Birth of Robinson Jeffers US, poet/playwright (Tamar and Other Poems, Medea). [1] January 11 Birth of Aldo Leopold founder (Wilderness Society). [1] January 16 Birth of John Hamilton Penn; actor (Perry White-Superman). [1] January 19 Birth of Alexander Woollcott New Jersey, short story writer/critic (Man Who Came to Dinner). [1] January 21 Birth of Alfred Henry Ackley composer. [1] Birth of Wolfgang Köhler German/US Gestalt psychologist (Mentality of Apes). [1] January 23 Birth of Miklós Kállay premier Hungary (1942-44). [1] January 25 Birth of Diego Valeri Italian author/poet (Le Gaie Tristezze). [1] January 26 Birth of Enrique E Ecker Curaçao, bacteriologist. [1] Birth of Marc A "Pete" Mitscher US Lieutenant-Admiral (WWII-Task Force 58). [1] January 27 Birth of Carl Blegen Minneapolis Minnesota, archaeologist (excavator at Troy, Pylos). [1] January 28 Birth of Lily Theresa Strickland composer. [1] January 29 Birth of Albert Conti Trieste Austria; actor (Jazz Heaven, Doomed Battalion). [1] February 1 Birth of Dirk Roosenburg Dutch architect. [1] February 3 Birth of Carlo Jachino composer. [1] Birth of Georg Trakl Austrian poet (Autumn of the Lonely). [1] Birth of Silvio d'Amico Italian theater critic (Tramonto del grande attore). [1] February 5 Birth of A P Gütersloh writer. [1] February 9 Birth of Henry Zimmerman baseball player (1912-batted .372 with 14 home runs). [1] Birth of Vital Celen Flemish writer (Puppy Love). [1] February 10 Birth of [Fran J] Vital Celen Flemish literary/author. [1] February 11 Birth of Ernst "Putzi" Hanfstängl German/US pianist/politician (NSDAP). [1] Birth of John van Melle South African writer (Dawid Booysen). [1] February 13 Birth of Alvin York famed US soldier with 25 kills in WWI. [1] February 15 Birth of H M Bateman Sutton Forest New South Wales, cartoonist. [1] February 17 Birth of Leevi Antti Madetoja composer. [1] February 18 Birth of Nikos Kasandsakis writer. [1] February 20 Birth of David McKinley Williams composer. [1] Birth of Hesketh Pearson England, biographer/playwright (Writ for Libel). [1] February 21 Birth of Savielly [Xavier] G Tartakower Austrian/Polish/French chess player. [1] February 22 Birth of Mary Ellen Chase educator/author (Windswept, 1959 Sarah Hale Award). [1] February 23 Birth of Oskar Frederik Lindberg composer. [1] February 24 Birth of Mary Ellen Chase US linguistic/author (White Gate). [1] February 25 Birth of Leonard Carey England; actor (Laughter). [1] February 26 Birth of Grover Cleveland Alexander HOF baseball pitcher (Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs). [1] Birth of Sir Benegal Narsing Rau India, president of United Nations Security Council (1950). [1] February 27 Birth of James D Innes English painter. [1] February 28 Birth of William Zorach Lithuania, US sculptor (Spirit of the Dance). [1] March 5 Birth of Heitor Villa-Lobos Rio de Janeiro Brazil, composer (Salon Waltz). [1] March 6 Birth of Henri Gagnon composer. [1] March 7 Birth of Heino Eller composer. [1] March 9 Birth of Phil Mead cricketer (strong batsman for England pre- and post-WWI). [1] March 13 Birth of Carlos Isamitt composer. [1] March 14 Birth of George Creten Belgian sculptor/painter. [1] Birth of Lawrence Collingwood composer. [1] March 17 Birth of Ben Sajet Dutch physician/politician. [1] March 21 Birth of Edwin Scharff German "entartet" painter/sculptor. [1] March 22 Birth of Chico [Leonard] Marx New York City, New York, comedian (Marx Brothers). [1] March 23 Birth of Anthony van Hoboken Dutch musicologist (Haydn-catalog). [1] Birth of Felix Felixovitch Yussupov Russian prince/murderer of Rasputin. [1] Birth of Juan Gris Spain, cubist painter (Still Life Before an Open Window). [1] Birth of Sidney Hillman union leader (Sidney Hillman Foundation). [1] March 24 Birth of Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle Smith Center KS; actor (Keystone comedies). [1] March 25 Birth of Josef Capek Czechoslovakian painter/author/critic (Kulhavy Poutník). [1] March 28 Birth of Rudolf F W Boskaljon Curaçao, musician/composer. [1] March 30 Birth of Albert P Termote Flemish/Dutch sculptor (Charles the Great). [1] March 31 Birth of Jose Maria Usandizaga composer. [1] Birth of Saint-John Perse [MRA Alexis Léger], French poet (Nobel Prize 1960). [1] April 1 Birth of Leonard Bloomfield US linguist. [1] April 8 Birth of Walter Connolly Cincinnati Ohio; actor (Good Earth, 5th Avenue Girl). [1] April 10 Birth of Bernardo A Houssay Argentine physiologist (Nobel Prize 1947). [1] Birth of Heinz Tiessen composer. [1] April 21 Birth of Lillian Walker Brooklyn New York, entertainer. [1] May 1 Birth of Alan Gordon Cunningham Irish/British general/director of Palestine (1945-48). [1] May 2 Birth of Edward Collins New York, Hall of Fame infielder (Chicago White Sox, Athletics). [1] May 5 Birth of Estelle Hemsley Boston Massachusetts. [1] Birth of Lord Geoffrey Fisher of Lambeth archbishop of Canterbury. [1] May 7 Birth of Henri Pourrat French writer (Gaspard of the Montagnes). [1] May 9 Birth of Jules Van de Leene Belgian writer. [1] May 10 Birth of Jacobus C Bloem Dutch poet (Sintels). [1] May 12 Birth of Nandor Zsolt composer. [1] May 16 Birth of Bull Montana Vogliera Italy; actor (Brass Buttons, Victory). [1] Birth of J van Hoddis writer. [1] May 18 Birth of Ernst Wiechert writer. [1] May 21 Birth of Mabel Taliaferro New York City, New York, actress (Sentimental Tommy, My Love Come Back). [1] May 27 Birth of Emiel van der Straeten Flemish playwright (Sudanese legends). [1] Birth of Erich Kuttner German journalist/historian (Vorwärts). [1] Birth of Frank Woolley cricketer (long-running England left-arm all-rounder). [1] May 28 Birth of Hank Mann New York City, New York; actor (City Lights, Smoky, Dawn Trail, Fugitive Road). [1] May 30 Birth of Alexander Archipenko Ukraine sculptor/lithographer. [1] Birth of Gino Tagliapietra composer. [1] May 31 Birth of Gunnar Olof Björling Finnish/Swedish language poet (Vilande Dag). [1] Birth of Saint-John Perse France, poet/diplomat (Nobel Prize 1960). [1] June 5 Birth of Ruth Benedict US, anthropologist (Patterns of Culture). [1] June 22 Birth of Sir Julian Huxley London, biologist/philosopher, Darwin's Bulldog. [1] June 23 Birth of John Finley Williamson Canton Ohio, conductor (Westminster Choir). [1] June 25 Birth of George Abbott Forestville New York, producer (Damn Yankees, Pajama Game). [1] June 26 Birth of Anthony G de Rothschild Britain, philanthropist. [1] July 2 Birth of Marcel Tabuteau Compiègne France, oboist (Philadelphia Orchestra 1915-54). [1] July 7 Birth of Marc Chagall Vitebsk Russia, artist (I and The Village). [1] July 9 Birth of Samuel Eliot Morison historian (Admiral of the Ocean Sea). [1] July 16 Birth of "Shoeless" Joe Jackson black sox player (Say it aint so, Joe). [1] July 22 Birth of Gustav Hertz German quantum physicist (Nobel Prize 1925). [1] July 28 Birth of Marcel Duchamp painter (Nude Descending a Staircase). [1] July 29 Birth of Sigmund Romberg Nagykanizsa Hungary, operetta composer (Blossom Time). [1] July 30 Birth of Timothy Mara NFL owner (New York Giants). [1] August 3 Birth of Rupert Brooke British WW I poet (1914). [1] August 8 Birth of Malcolm Keen Bristol England; actor (Uncle Chris-Mama). [1] August 12 Birth of Erwin Schrödinger Austria, physicist (had a cat). [1] August 15 Birth of Ferber Edna, Michigan, writer (Showboat, Cimarron, Giant). [1] August 17 Birth of Marcus Garvey began back-to-Africa movement among US blacks. [1] September 9 Birth of Alfred Landon (Republican-Ks) presidential candidate (1932, 1936). [1] September 10 Birth of Giovanni Gronchi president of Italy. [1] September 14 Birth of Karl Taylor Compton physicist/atomic bomb scientist. [1] Birth of Stanley "Midnight Assassin" Ketchel heavyweight boxing champion (1908-10). [1] September 16 Birth of Nadia Boulanger Paris, music teacher (Lasiréne Ideology). [1] September 25 Birth of May Sutton Bundy US, first US woman to win Wimbledon (US 1904). [1] September 28 Birth of Avery Brundage AAU and International Olympic Committee president. [1] October 5 Birth of René Cassin pacifist (Nobel Peace Prize 1968). [1] October 6 Birth of Le Corbusier Switzerland, architect/city planner/artist (Urbanisme). [1] Birth of Martín Luis Guzmán Mexico, novelist (The Eagle and the Serpent). [1] October 7 Birth of Jack Mulhall Wappinger Falls New York; actor (Ken Murray Show). [1] October 20 Birth of Addison Richards Zanesville Ohio; actor (Col-Pentagon). [1] October 22 Birth of John Reed journalist who reported on Mexican, Russian revolutions. [1] October 30 Birth of Eduardo Ciannelli Italy; actor (Waldo-Johnny Staccato). [1] October 31 Birth of Chiang Kai-shek Chekiang Province, China, president of Nationalist China. [1] Birth of Edouard Lalonde Canada, NHL player (Montreal Canadiens)/lacrosse player. [1] November 5 Birth of Paul Wittgenstein Vienna Austria, left hand specialist pianist. [1] November 6 Birth of Walter Johnson Kansas, Washington Senator pitcher (1907-27) (414-218). [1] November 15 Birth of Georgia O'Keeffe Sun Prairie Wisconsin, painter (Cow's Skull). [1] Birth of Marianne Moore Saint Louis, poet (Pulitzer-1951-Collected Poems). [1] November 17 Birth of Bernard L Montgomery British general (WW II-African campaign). [1] November 23 Birth of Boris Karloff [William H Pratt] in Dulwich, England; actor (Frankenstein) (dies 1969). [1] [5] December 6 Birth of Joseph Lamb composer. [1] Birth of Lynn Fontanne Woodford England, Broadway actress (Dulcy, Arms and the Man). [1] December 7 Birth of Ernst Toch Vienna Austria, composer (Melodie Lehre). [1] December 8 Birth of Vicente Emilio Sojo Guatire Venezuela, composer. [1] December 12 Birth of Kurt Magnus Atterberg composer. [1] December 15 Birth of Pieter C A Geyl historian (History of the Dutch Tribe). [1] December 22 Birth of Srinivasa Ramanujan Indies mathematician ('pi'/Notebooks). [1] December 23 Birth of Eric Blore London England; actor (Great Gatsby, Bowery to Baghdad). [1] Birth of John Cromwell Toledo Ohio; actor/director (Spitfire, Of Human Bondage). [1] December 24 Birth of Louis Jouvet Crozon France; actor (Volpone, Topaze, La Marseillaise). [1] December 25 Birth of Conrad Hilton hotel mogul (Hilton Hotels). [1] Birth of Jacobus W G Balfoort Dutch actor (Bulldog Drummond). [1] Birth of John Davidson New York City, New York; actor (Charlie Chan-Chinese Cat). [1] December 28 Birth of Charles Dingle. [1] December 29 Birth of Kiyoshi Nobutoki composer. [1] December 30 Birth of Henry George Ley composer. [1]