References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1855 January 5 Birth of King Camp Gillette inventor (safety razor). [1] January 7 Birth of Eliëzer Ben-Jehuda [Perelmann], Latvia, writer (first Hebrew newspaper). [1] January 10 Birth of Peter J Blok Dutch historian (History of the Dutch People). [1] January 20 Birth of Amedee-Ernest Chausson Paris France, composer (Poème for Violin and Orchestra). [1] January 21 Birth of John M Browning US, weapons manufacturer. [1] January 22 Birth of Ernst Kullak composer. [1] January 26 Birth of Arthur Hervey composer. [1] January 28 Birth of William Seward Burroughs New York, inventor (recording adding machine). [1] February 10 US citizenship laws amended all children of US parents born abroad granted US citizenship. [1] February 15 Birth of Gustav Hollaender composer. [1] February 17 Birth of Otto Liman von Sanders German general in Turkey (WWI). [1] February 21 Birth of Alice Freeman Palmer educator (Hall of Fame). [1] February 25 Birth of George Bonnor cricketer (big-hitting Aussie batter 1880-1888). [1] March 12 Birth of John White composer. [1] March 13 Birth of Percival "Percy" Lowell US astronomer (predicted discovery of Pluto). [1] March 15 Birth of Lútzen Wagenaar Frisian writer/vicar (Tsjerk Ages). [1] March 24 Birth of Andrew W Mellon founder (Mellon Bank)/US Secretary of Treasury. [1] Birth of Olive Schreiner South African writer (Portrait of a South African Woman). [1] April 9 Birth of Gyula Reviczky Hungarian author/poet. [1] April 18 Birth of Abraham Bredius Dutch art historian (Jan Steen). [1] Birth of Josef Gruber composer. [1] April 23 Birth of Ernst L Wolzogen German writer/founder (Cabaret Überbrettl). [1] April 29 Birth of Anatol K Liadov Russian composer (Bewitched Lake). [1] Birth of Edmund van der Straeten composer. [1] May 2 Birth of Theodore Moses Tobani composer. [1] May 9 Birth of Julius Rontgen composer. [1] May 10 Birth of Anatol Konstantinovich Liadov Saint Petersburg Russia, composer (Enchanted Lake). [1] May 11 Birth of Anatol Konstantinovich Lyadov Russian composer (Bewitched Lake). [1] May 15 Birth of Eduard earl of Keyserling German writer (Dritte Stiege). [1] May 21 Birth of Emile A G Verhaeren Belgian poet/writer (Les Flammes Hautes). [1] May 24 Birth of Arthur Wing Pinero British playwright. [1] June 14 Birth of Robert Marion La Follette Wisconsin, presidential candidate (Progressive). [1] July 30 Birth of James Edward Kelly US, sculptor "Sculptor of American History". [1] October 12 Birth of Arthur Nikisch Szent-Miklós Hungary, conductor (Berlin Philharmonic). [1] October 26 Birth of Charles Post who had a way with breakfast cereals. [1] November 5 Birth of Eugene V Debs labor organizer, Socialist presidential candidate. [1] December 11 Birth of Julian Edwards composer. [1] December 23 Birth of Alan Gray composer. [1] December 25 Birth of James Galvin pitcher, shut-out every opposing team in 1884. [1] December 26 Birth of Arnold Ludwig Mendelssohn composer. [1] December 27 Birth of Paul Ehrenreich German etnologist/mythologist. [1] December 28 Birth of Juan Zorrilla de San Martin Uruguay's diplomat/poet (Tabaré). [1] December 30 Birth of Heinrich Hart German writer (Song of Humanity). [1] December 31 Birth of Giovanni Pascoli Italian classicist/poet. [1] 1856 January 6 Birth of Giuseppe Martucci composer. [1] January 9 Birth of Anton Askerc Slavic priest/poet (Primoz Trubar). [1] Birth of Lizette Woodworth Reese US poet (Branch of May, Tears). [1] Birth of Stevan Mokranjac composer. [1] January 11 Birth of Christian August Sinding Kongsberg Norway, composer. [1] January 12 Birth of John Singer Sargent US, portrait painter (Wyndham Sisters). [1] January 18 Birth of Dr Daniel Nathan Hale Williams famous African-American. [1] Birth of John Hyatt Brewer composer. [1] February 2 Birth of Makar Grigori Ekmalyan composer. [1] February 5 Birth of Otto Brahm German critic/founder (Neue Deutsche Rundschau). [1] February 14 Birth of Frank Harris England, journalist/writer (My Life and Loves). [1] February 15 Birth of Frank Harris Galway England, writer. [1] February 16 Birth of Willem Kes Dutch violinist/composer/conductor (Parkorkest Amsterdam). [1] February 21 Birth of Hendrik P Berlage architect (Stock exchange Amsterdam). [1] March 1 Birth of Florimond Fonteyne Flemish priest/politician (Volkseeuw). [1] March 7 Birth of Matilde Serao [Tuffolina], Italian writer (Land of Cockayne). [1] March 16 Birth of E Louis YY Napoleon Bonaparte French/English prince. [1] March 20 Birth of Frederick Winslow Taylor father of scientific management. [1] March 26 Birth of David Alfred Thomas Glamorganshire United Kingdom, first Viscount Rhondda. [1] April 5 Birth of Booker Taliaferro Washington pioneer educator (first black on US stamp). [1] April 11 Birth of Arthur Shrewsbury cricketer (dominant England bat late 19th cent). [1] Birth of Constantly Lievens Flemish missionary in India. [1] April 12 Birth of William M Conway English historian/explorer (Spitzbergen). [1] April 15 Birth of Jean Moréas [Yannis Papadiamantopoulos], Greek/French poet. [1] April 22 Birth of [Marie] Louise Hens Flemish actress (Two Orphans). [1] April 24 Birth of Henri POBJ Pétain French marshal (Verdun/Vichy regime). [1] May 6 Birth of Robert Edwin Peary US, arctic explorer (North Pole-April 6 1909). [1] Birth of Sigmund Freud in Freiberg, Moravia; father of psycho-analysis. [1] [5] May 13 Birth of Peter Henry Emerson first to promote photography as an independent art. [1] May 15 Birth of Lyman Frank Baum Chittenango New York, children's book author (Wizard of Oz). [1] May 20 Birth of Henri E Cross [Delacroix] French painter. [1] May 26 Birth of George Templeton Strong composer. [1] June 14 Birth of Andrey Markov Russia, mathematician (Markov Chain). [1] June 19 Birth of Elbert Hubbard US, editor/publisher/author (Message to Garcia). [1] June 22 Birth of H Rider Haggard author (King Solomon's Mine, She). [1] July 10 Birth of Nikola Tesla; physicist, developed alternating current. [1] [5] July 21 Birth of Louise Blanchard Bethune first US woman architect. [1] July 26 Birth of George Bernard Shaw Dublin Ire, dramatist (Pygmalion-Nobel Prize 1925). [1] August 15 Birth of J Keir Hardie first Labour representative in British Parliament. [1] September 2 Birth of Yang Hsiu-ch'ing commander in chief of the Taiping Rebellion. [1] September 3 Birth of Louis Henri Sullivan Boston Massachusetts, father of modern US architecture. [1] September 28 Birth of Edward Thompson US archeologist who explored Mayan ruins. [1] Birth of Kate Douglas Wiggins author (Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm). [1] November 7 Birth of Semyon Zonovyevich Alapin Vilna, tied for chess first place (1878). [1] November 13 Birth of Louis D Brandeis Massachusetts, Supreme Court Justice (1916-39). [1] November 22 Birth of Heber J Grant Salt Lake City, 7th President of Mormon church. [1] November 25 Birth of Sergei Taneyev Russia, composer (Oresteia). [1] December 2 Birth of Robert Kajanus composer. [1] December 11 Birth of Georgi V Plechanov Russian revolutionary theorist. [1] December 18 Birth of Joseph John Thomson England, physicist discovered electron (Nobel Prize 1906). [1] December 22 Birth of Frank Kellogg Secretary of State (1925-29), tried to outlaw war (Nobel1929). [1] December 27 Birth of Andre Gedalge composer. [1] December 28 Birth of Thomas Woodrow Wilson in Staunton, Virginia, USA (28th US President, Democrat, 1913-21, Nobel Prize 1919). [1] [5] December 29 Birth of Thomas J Stieltjes mathematician (Stieltjes integral). [1] December 31 Birth of Charles A van Ophuysen orientalist (Maleisisch Volksrecht). [1] 1857 January 2 Birth of Frederick Opper cartoonist (Willie and His Papa, Maud the Mule, Alphonse and Gaston). [1] Birth of Martha Carey Thomas educator/president (Bryn Mawr College). [1] January 9 Birth of Henry B Fuller American writer (Under the Skylights). [1] January 11 Birth of Fred[erick J] Archer English jockey (won five Derbys). [1] January 17 Birth of Eugene Augustin Lauste developer (first sound-on-film recording). [1] Birth of Wilhelm Kienzl Austrian composer (Evangelimann). [1] January 18 Birth of Otto von Below German commandant (WWI). [1] January 23 In Volosko, Croatia, Andrija Mohorovicic born; meteorologist and geophysicist, discovered the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle. [1] [53] February 2 Birth of Jan Six Dutch art historian/art collector. [1] February 9 Birth of Johannes T de Visser theologist/Dutch first minister of Education. [1] February 12 Birth of Bobby Peel cricketer (great English lefty 1884-96). [1] February 17 Birth of Samuel Sidney McClure Irish-American newspaper editor/publisher. [1] February 18 Birth of Max Klinger German graphic artist/painter/sculptor. [1] February 21 Birth of Jules de Trooz baron/premier of Belgium (1907). [1] February 22 Birth of Heinrich Hertz physicist, first to broadcast and receive radio waves. [1] Birth of Lord Robert Baden-Powell founder (Boy Scouts, Girl Guides). [1] February 26 Birth of Emile Coué French pharmacist (recovery by auto suggestion). [1] February 28 Birth of Gustave Adolph Kerker composer. [1] March 3 Birth of Alfred Bruneau composer. [1] March 7 Birth of Julius Wagner von Jauregg Austria, psychiatrist (Nobel Prize 1927). [1] March 8 Birth of Ruggiero Leoncavallo Italian composer (I pagliacci/Zaza). [1] March 22 Birth of Arnold Sauwen Flemish poet (Along the Meuse). [1] Birth of Paul Doumer Governor-General of Indo-China/13th President of France (1931-32). [1] March 23 Birth of Fannie Farmer actress (namesake of a candy company). [1] March 27 Birth of Karl Pearson London England, mathematician. [1] April 5 Birth of Alexander-Jozef von Battenberg ruler of Bulgaria (1879-86). [1] April 10 Birth of Henry Ernest Dudeney mathematician/puzzle maker. [1] April 14 Birth of Edgar Stillman Kelley Sparta Wisconsin, composer (Gulliver). [1] April 18 Birth of Clarence S Darrow defense attorney at the Scopes monkey trial. [1] April 19 Birth of Lucien Levy-Bruhl philosopher. [1] April 20 Birth of Charles LP "Philip" Zilcken painter/author (HW Knife Day). [1] Birth of Hermann Bang writer. [1] April 23 Birth of Ruggero Leoncavallo Naples Italy, composer (I Medici). [1] April 29 Birth of Edouard Rod France/Swiss writer (Mishel' Tes'e). [1] Birth of Frantisek Ondricek composer. [1] May 2 Birth of Frederic Cliffe composer. [1] May 8 Birth of Frits [Frederik H] Tartaud Dutch actor/husband of Alida Klein. [1] May 10 Birth of Hendrik Zwaardemaker Dutch physiologist (olfactometer). [1] May 13 Birth of Ronald Ross England, pathologist (Nobel Prize 1902). [1] Birth of Sir Ronald Ross England, pathologist (Nobel Prize 1902). [1] May 16 Birth of Juan Morel Campos composer. [1] May 31 Birth of Pius XI [Ambrogio DA Ratti] Italy, 259th Roman Catholic Pope (1922-39). [1] June 2 Birth of Edward Elgar Broadheath, England, composer (Pomp and Circumstance). [1] Birth of Karl Gjellerup Denmark, poet/novelist (Nobel Prize 1917). [1] June 18 Birth of Henry Clay Folger Jr US, businessman/Shakespeare fan. [1] July 1 Birth of Roger Connor first baseman (New York Giants). [1] July 5 Birth of Clara Zetkin German women's rights advocate. [1] July 14 Birth of Maytag invented washing machine. [1] July 24 Birth of Henrik Pontoppidan Denmark, realist writer (Nobel Prize 1971). [1] July 27 Birth of José Celso Barbosa Puerto Rico, found Federalist Party in 1900. [1] July 30 Birth of Thorstein Veblen US, economist (Theory of the Leisure Class-1899). [1] August 8 Birth of Henry Osborn Conn, paleontologist/author (52 Years of Research). [1] September 13 Birth of Milton S Hershey , chocolate manufacturer/philanthropist. [1] September 15 Birth of William Howard Taft Cin, (Republican) 27th president (1909-13), chief justice. [1] September 17 Birth of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky pioneer in rocket and space research. [1] October 14 Birth of Elwood Haynes auto pioneer, built one of first US autos. [1] November 5 Birth of Ida Tarbell muckraker (Standard Oil was very unhappy). [1] November 22 Birth of George Gissing English writer (Thyrza, Crown of Life). [1] November 26 Birth of Ferdinand de Saussure Switzerland, linguist (Cours de Laguistique Generale). [1] November 27 Birth of Sir Charles Scott Sherrington; 1932 Nobel Laureate in Medicine and Physiology; author of the classic "The Integrative Action of the Nervous System"; discoverer of Sherrington's Law; coiner of the terms "neuron" and "synapse". [1] December 3 Birth of Joseph Conrad Poland, novelist (Lord Jim, Heart of Darkness). [1] December 7 Birth of Nicola van Westerhout composer. [1] December 15 Birth of Eugeniusz Pankiewicz composer. [1] December 16 Birth of Edward Emerson Barnard Tennesee, astronomer (Jupiter's 5th satellite). [1] December 22 Birth of George [Robert] Gissing England, novelist. [1]