1855

January 5

• Birth of King Camp Gillette inventor (safety razor). [1]

January 7

• Birth of Eliëzer Ben-Jehuda [Perelmann], Latvia, writer (first Hebrew newspaper). [1]

January 10

• Birth of Peter J Blok Dutch historian (History of the Dutch People). [1]

January 20

• Birth of Amedee-Ernest Chausson Paris France, composer (Poème for Violin and Orchestra). [1]

January 21

• Birth of John M Browning US, weapons manufacturer. [1]

January 22

• Birth of Ernst Kullak composer. [1]

January 26

• Birth of Arthur Hervey composer. [1]

January 28

• Birth of William Seward Burroughs New York, inventor (recording adding machine). [1]

February 10

• US citizenship laws amended all children of US parents born abroad granted US citizenship. [1]

February 15

• Birth of Gustav Hollaender composer. [1]

February 17

• Birth of Otto Liman von Sanders German general in Turkey (WWI). [1]

February 21

• Birth of Alice Freeman Palmer educator (Hall of Fame). [1]

February 25

• Birth of George Bonnor cricketer (big-hitting Aussie batter 1880-1888). [1]

March 12

• Birth of John White composer. [1]

March 13

• Birth of Percival "Percy" Lowell US astronomer (predicted discovery of Pluto). [1]

March 15

• Birth of Lútzen Wagenaar Frisian writer/vicar (Tsjerk Ages). [1]

March 24

• Birth of Andrew W Mellon founder (Mellon Bank)/US Secretary of Treasury. [1]
• Birth of Olive Schreiner South African writer (Portrait of a South African Woman). [1]

April 9

• Birth of Gyula Reviczky Hungarian author/poet. [1]

April 18

• Birth of Abraham Bredius Dutch art historian (Jan Steen). [1]
• Birth of Josef Gruber composer. [1]

April 23

• Birth of Ernst L Wolzogen German writer/founder (Cabaret Überbrettl). [1]

April 29

• Birth of Anatol K Liadov Russian composer (Bewitched Lake). [1]
• Birth of Edmund van der Straeten composer. [1]

May 2

• Birth of Theodore Moses Tobani composer. [1]

May 9

• Birth of Julius Rontgen composer. [1]

May 10

• Birth of Anatol Konstantinovich Liadov Saint Petersburg Russia, composer (Enchanted Lake). [1]

May 11

• Birth of Anatol Konstantinovich Lyadov Russian composer (Bewitched Lake). [1]

May 15

• Birth of Eduard, earl of Keyserling German writer (Dritte Stiege). [1]

May 21

• Birth of Emile A G Verhaeren Belgian poet/writer (Les Flammes Hautes). [1]

May 24

• Birth of Arthur Wing Pinero British playwright. [1]

June 14

• Birth of Robert Marion La Follette Wisconsin, presidential candidate (Progressive). [1]

July 30

• Birth of James Edward Kelly US, sculptor "Sculptor of American History". [1]

October 12

• Birth of Arthur Nikisch Szent-Miklós Hungary, conductor (Berlin Philharmonic). [1]

October 26

• Birth of Charles Post who had a way with breakfast cereals. [1]

November 5

• Birth of Eugene V Debs labor organizer, Socialist presidential candidate. [1]

December 11

• Birth of Julian Edwards composer. [1]

December 23

• Birth of Alan Gray composer. [1]

December 25

• Birth of James Galvin pitcher, shut-out every opposing team in 1884. [1]

December 26

• Birth of Arnold Ludwig Mendelssohn composer. [1]

December 27

• Birth of Paul Ehrenreich German etnologist/mythologist. [1]

December 28

• Birth of Juan Zorrilla de San Martin Uruguay's diplomat/poet (Tabaré). [1]

December 30

• Birth of Heinrich Hart German writer (Song of Humanity). [1]

December 31

• Birth of Giovanni Pascoli Italian classicist/poet. [1]

1856

January 6

• Birth of Giuseppe Martucci composer. [1]

January 9

• Birth of Anton Askerc Slavic priest/poet (Primoz Trubar). [1]
• Birth of Lizette Woodworth Reese US poet (Branch of May, Tears). [1]
• Birth of Stevan Mokranjac composer. [1]

January 11

• Birth of Christian August Sinding Kongsberg Norway, composer. [1]

January 12

• Birth of John Singer Sargent US, portrait painter (Wyndham Sisters). [1]

January 18

• Birth of Dr Daniel Nathan Hale Williams famous African-American. [1]
• Birth of John Hyatt Brewer composer. [1]

February 2

• Birth of Makar Grigori Ekmalyan composer. [1]

February 5

• Birth of Otto Brahm German critic/founder (Neue Deutsche Rundschau). [1]

February 14

• Birth of Frank Harris England, journalist/writer (My Life and Loves). [1]

February 15

• Birth of Frank Harris Galway England, writer. [1]

February 16

• Birth of Willem Kes Dutch violinist/composer/conductor (Parkorkest Amsterdam). [1]

February 21

• Birth of Hendrik P Berlage architect (Stock exchange Amsterdam). [1]

March 1

• Birth of Florimond Fonteyne Flemish priest/politician (Volkseeuw). [1]

March 7

• Birth of Matilde Serao [Tuffolina], Italian writer (Land of Cockayne). [1]

March 16

• Birth of E Louis YY Napoleon Bonaparte French/English prince. [1]

March 20

• Birth of Frederick Winslow Taylor father of scientific management. [1]

March 26

• Birth of David Alfred Thomas Glamorganshire United Kingdom, first Viscount Rhondda. [1]

April 5

• Birth of Booker Taliaferro Washington pioneer educator (first black on US stamp). [1]

April 11

• Birth of Arthur Shrewsbury cricketer (dominant England bat late 19th cent). [1]
• Birth of Constantly Lievens Flemish missionary in India. [1]

April 12

• Birth of William M Conway English historian/explorer (Spitzbergen). [1]

April 15

• Birth of Jean Moréas [Yannis Papadiamantopoulos], Greek/French poet. [1]

April 22

• Birth of [Marie] Louise Hens Flemish actress (Two Orphans). [1]

April 24

• Birth of Henri POBJ Pétain French marshal (Verdun/Vichy regime). [1]

May 6

• Birth of Robert Edwin Peary US, arctic explorer (North Pole-April 6 1909). [1]
• Birth of Sigmund Freud in Freiberg, Moravia; father of psycho-analysis. [1] [5]

May 13

• Birth of Peter Henry Emerson first to promote photography as an independent art. [1]

May 15

• Birth of Lyman Frank Baum in Chittenango, New York, USA; children's book author (Wizard of Oz). [1] [5]

May 20

• Birth of Henri E Cross [Delacroix] French painter. [1]

May 26

• Birth of George Templeton Strong composer. [1]

June 14

• Birth of Andrey Markov Russia, mathematician (Markov Chain). [1]

June 19

• Birth of Elbert Hubbard US, editor/publisher/author (Message to Garcia). [1]

June 22

• Birth of H Rider Haggard author (King Solomon's Mine, She). [1]

July 10

• Birth of Nikola Tesla; physicist, developed alternating current (dies 1943). [1] [5]

July 21

• Birth of Louise Blanchard Bethune first US woman architect. [1]

July 26

• Birth of George Bernard Shaw Dublin Ire, dramatist (Pygmalion-Nobel Prize 1925). [1]

August 15

• Birth of J Keir Hardie first Labour representative in British Parliament. [1]

September 2

• Birth of Yang Hsiu-ch'ing commander in chief of the Taiping Rebellion. [1]

September 3

• Birth of Louis Henri Sullivan Boston Massachusetts, father of modern US architecture. [1]

September 28

• Birth of Edward Thompson US archeologist who explored Mayan ruins. [1]
• Birth of Kate Douglas Wiggins author (Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm). [1]

November 7

• Birth of Semyon Zonovyevich Alapin Vilna, tied for chess first place (1878). [1]

November 13

• Birth of Louis D Brandeis Massachusetts, Supreme Court Justice (1916-39). [1]

November 22

• Birth of Heber J Grant Salt Lake City, 7th President of Mormon church. [1]

November 25

• Birth of Sergei Taneyev Russia, composer (Oresteia). [1]

December 2

• Birth of Robert Kajanus composer. [1]

December 11

• Birth of Georgi V Plechanov Russian revolutionary theorist. [1]

December 18

• Birth of Joseph John Thomson England, physicist discovered electron (Nobel Prize 1906). [1]

December 22

• Birth of Frank Kellogg Secretary of State (1925-29), tried to outlaw war (Nobel1929). [1]

December 27

• Birth of Andre Gedalge composer. [1]

December 28

• Birth of Thomas Woodrow Wilson in Staunton, Virginia, USA (28th US President, Democrat, 1913-21, Nobel Prize 1919). [1] [5]

December 29

• Birth of Thomas J Stieltjes mathematician (Stieltjes integral). [1]

December 31

• Birth of Charles A van Ophuysen orientalist (Maleisisch Volksrecht). [1]

1857

January 2

• Birth of Frederick Opper cartoonist (Willie and His Papa, Maud the Mule, Alphonse and Gaston). [1]
• Birth of Martha Carey Thomas educator/president (Bryn Mawr College). [1]

January 9

• Birth of Henry B Fuller American writer (Under the Skylights). [1]

January 11

• Birth of Fred[erick J] Archer English jockey (won five Derbys). [1]

January 17

• Birth of Eugene Augustin Lauste developer (first sound-on-film recording). [1]
• Birth of Wilhelm Kienzl Austrian composer (Evangelimann). [1]

January 18

• Birth of Otto von Below German commandant (WWI). [1]

January 23

• In Volosko, Croatia, Andrija Mohorovicic born; meteorologist and geophysicist, discovered the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle. [1] [53]

February 2

• Birth of Jan Six Dutch art historian/art collector. [1]

February 9

• Birth of Johannes T de Visser theologist/Dutch first minister of Education. [1]

February 12

• Birth of Bobby Peel cricketer (great English lefty 1884-96). [1]

February 17

• Birth of Samuel Sidney McClure Irish-American newspaper editor/publisher. [1]

February 18

• Birth of Max Klinger German graphic artist/painter/sculptor. [1]

February 21

• Birth of Jules de Trooz baron/premier of Belgium (1907). [1]

February 22

• Birth of Heinrich Hertz physicist, first to broadcast and receive radio waves. [1]
• Birth of Lord Robert Baden-Powell founder (Boy Scouts, Girl Guides). [1]

February 26

• Birth of Emile Coué French pharmacist (recovery by auto suggestion). [1]

February 28

• Birth of Gustave Adolph Kerker composer. [1]

March 3

• Birth of Alfred Bruneau composer. [1]

March 7

• Birth of Julius Wagner von Jauregg Austria, psychiatrist (Nobel Prize 1927). [1]

March 8

• Birth of Ruggiero Leoncavallo Italian composer (I pagliacci/Zaza). [1]

March 22

• Birth of Arnold Sauwen Flemish poet (Along the Meuse). [1]
• Birth of Paul Doumer Governor-General of Indo-China/13th President of France (1931-32). [1]

March 23

• Birth of Fannie Farmer actress (namesake of a candy company). [1]

March 27

• Birth of Karl Pearson London England, mathematician. [1]

April 5

• Birth of Alexander-Jozef von Battenberg ruler of Bulgaria (1879-86). [1]

April 10

• Birth of Henry Ernest Dudeney mathematician/puzzle maker. [1]

April 14

• Birth of Edgar Stillman Kelley Sparta Wisconsin, composer (Gulliver). [1]

April 18

• Birth of Clarence S Darrow defense attorney at the Scopes monkey trial. [1]

April 19

• Birth of Lucien Levy-Bruhl philosopher. [1]

April 20

• Birth of Charles LP "Philip" Zilcken painter/author (HW Knife Day). [1]
• Birth of Hermann Bang writer. [1]

April 23

• Birth of Ruggero Leoncavallo Naples Italy, composer (I Medici). [1]

April 29

• Birth of Edouard Rod France/Swiss writer (Mishel' Tes'e). [1]
• Birth of Frantisek Ondricek composer. [1]

May 2

• Birth of Frederic Cliffe composer. [1]

May 8

• Birth of Frits [Frederik H] Tartaud Dutch actor/husband of Alida Klein. [1]

May 10

• Birth of Hendrik Zwaardemaker Dutch physiologist (olfactometer). [1]

May 13

• Birth of Ronald Ross England, pathologist (Nobel Prize 1902). [1]
• Birth of Sir Ronald Ross England, pathologist (Nobel Prize 1902). [1]

May 16

• Birth of Juan Morel Campos composer. [1]

May 31

• Birth of Pius XI [Ambrogio DA Ratti] Italy, 259th Roman Catholic Pope (1922-39). [1]

June 2

• Birth of Edward Elgar Broadheath, England, composer (Pomp and Circumstance). [1]
• Birth of Karl Gjellerup Denmark, poet/novelist (Nobel Prize 1917). [1]

June 18

• Birth of Henry Clay Folger Jr US, businessman/Shakespeare fan. [1]

July 1

• Birth of Roger Connor first baseman (New York Giants). [1]

July 5

• Birth of Clara Zetkin German women's rights advocate. [1]

July 14

• Birth of Maytag invented washing machine. [1]

July 24

• Birth of Henrik Pontoppidan Denmark, realist writer (Nobel Prize 1971). [1]

July 27

• Birth of José Celso Barbosa Puerto Rico, found Federalist Party in 1900. [1]

July 30

• Birth of Thorstein Veblen US, economist (Theory of the Leisure Class-1899). [1]

August 8

• Birth of Henry Osborn Conn, paleontologist/author (52 Years of Research). [1]

September 13

• Birth of Milton S Hershey , chocolate manufacturer/philanthropist. [1]

September 15

• Birth of William Howard Taft Cin, (Republican) 27th president (1909-13), chief justice. [1]

September 17

• Birth of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky pioneer in rocket and space research. [1]

October 14

• Birth of Elwood Haynes auto pioneer, built one of first US autos. [1]

November 5

• Birth of Ida Tarbell muckraker (Standard Oil was very unhappy). [1]

November 22

• Birth of George Gissing English writer (Thyrza, Crown of Life). [1]

November 26

• Birth of Ferdinand de Saussure Switzerland, linguist (Cours de Laguistique Generale). [1]

November 27

• Birth of Sir Charles Scott Sherrington; 1932 Nobel Laureate in Medicine and Physiology; author of the classic "The Integrative Action of the Nervous System"; discoverer of Sherrington's Law; coiner of the terms "neuron" and "synapse". [1]

December 3

• Birth of Joseph Conrad Poland, novelist (Lord Jim, Heart of Darkness). [1]

December 7

• Birth of Nicola van Westerhout composer. [1]

December 15

• Birth of Eugeniusz Pankiewicz composer. [1]

December 16

• Birth of Edward Emerson Barnard Tennesee, astronomer (Jupiter's 5th satellite). [1]

December 22

• Birth of George [Robert] Gissing England, novelist. [1]