References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1880 January 1 Birth of Edie Martin London England, actress (Titfield Thunderbolt). [1] Birth of Shalom Asch Poland, yiddish writer (Motke Ganev). [1] January 2 Birth of Louis Breguet French aviation pioneer. [1] January 5 Birth of Nicolai Karlovich Medtner composer. [1] January 6 Birth of Tom Mix Mix Run Pennsylvania, silent screen cowboy actor (Dick Turpin). [1] Birth of Yuliya Lazarevna Veysberg composer. [1] January 10 Birth of Eduard M Meijers Dutch lawyer (Short Cause). [1] Birth of French van Cauwelaert Flemish minister/mayor of Antwerp. [1] Birth of Grock (stage name of Charles Wettach) in Reconvilier, Switzerland; circus clown, stage comedian. [1] [37] Birth of Manuel Azaña y Díaz Prime Minister/President of second Spanish republic (1936-39). [1] January 11 Birth of Rudolf T Palm Curaçao, pianist/composer. [1] January 17 Birth of Mack Sennett movie creator (Keystone Kops). [1] January 18 Birth of Paul Ehrenfest Austria/Netherlands physicist (adiabates hypothesis). [1] January 24 Birth of Elisabeth Achelis creator (World Calendar). [1] January 25 Birth of Francis George Scott composer. [1] January 26 Birth of Douglas MacArthur Little Rock Arkansas, General of the Army (WWII), he did return!. [1] January 28 Birth of Herbert Strudwick cricketer (England wicket-keeper before and after WWI). [1] Birth of Mary Boland Philadelphia Pennsylvania, US, comedienne/actress (Ruggles of Red Gap). [1] January 29 Birth of W C Fields [William Claude Dukenfield] in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; actor (My Little Chickadee, Bank Dick). [1] [5] February 1 Birth of Antonio Guarnieri composer. [1] Birth of Francesco Balilla Pratella composer. [1] February 3 Birth of Arnoldus Aerts bishop of Netherlands-Guinea (1920-42). [1] February 8 Birth of Franz Marc German painter (Blaue Reiter). [1] February 10 Birth of Jesse G Vincent Arkansas, engineer designed first V-12 engine. [1] February 12 Birth of John Llewellyn Lewis union leader (United Mine Workers, 1920-60). [1] February 14 Birth of Aida Overton Walker US dancer/singer (In Dahomey, Salome). [1] Birth of Edgar Leslie Bainton composer. [1] February 17 Birth of Alvaro Obregon General/President of Mexico (1920-24). [1] February 18 Birth of Eric De Lamarter composer. [1] February 19 Birth of Arthur Shepherd composer. [1] February 21 Birth of Frank Orth Philadelphia Pennsylvania; actor (Boston Blackie, The Brothers). [1] February 23 Birth of Edgar Istel composer. [1] March 1 Birth of Julian Myrick promoter of junior tennis. [1] Birth of Lytton Strachey biographer/critic (Benson Medal 1923). [1] March 3 Birth of Anne C Veth Dutch cartoonist/art critic. [1] March 10 Birth of Michael Jacobs New York City, New York, boxing promoter. [1] March 12 Birth of House Peters Bristol England, silent film actor (Kansas Territory). [1] March 14 Birth of Oscar (Bachigaloupi) Tourniaire actor/director (Pink Kate). [1] March 17 Birth of Guillermo Uribe Holguin composer. [1] March 18 Birth of Christopher K H de Nerée tot Babberich cartoonist. [1] March 21 Birth of Hans Hofmann German/US painter (Search for the Real). [1] Birth of Wilhelm Pessler German sociologist. [1] March 26 Birth of Duncan Hines US, restaurant guide writer (Out of Kentucky Kitchens). [1] March 28 Birth of Rosina Lhévinne Kiev Ukraine, pianist/professor (Juilliard Graduate School). [1] March 30 Birth of Sean O'Casey Ireland, playwright (Playboy of the Western World). [1] April 8 Birth of Victor Schertzinger composer/director (Uptown New York). [1] April 10 Birth of Frances Perkins first woman to hold cabinet-level position (Labor). [1] April 26 Birth of Mikhail Fokine Russia, choreographer/founder of modern dance. [1] May 1 Birth of Conrad Weiss German writer/poet (Tantum dic verbo). [1] May 6 Birth of Baron W Edmund Archangel and Ironside, British fieldmarshal. [1] Birth of Ernst L Kirchner German painter (Die Brücke). [1] May 12 Birth of Lincoln Ellsworth led first transarctic, transantarctic flights. [1] Birth of W Hupkes engineer/director (Dutch Rail 1938). [1] May 15 Birth of Otto Dibelius German theologist/bishop (Confessional Church). [1] May 16 Birth of Julius Tannen New York, comedian (Great Moment, House of Frankenstein). [1] May 19 Birth of Allard R Hulshoff architect of Amsterdam (1924). [1] May 21 Birth of Pablo Luna y Carne composer. [1] May 29 Birth of Oswald Spengler Germany, philosopher (Decline of the West). [1] June 11 Birth of Jeannette Rankin first woman elected to US Congress (from Montana). [1] June 27 Birth of Helen Keller; blind-deaf author/lecturer. [1] [5] July 4 Birth of George Mullin pitcher (Detroit Tigers-no-hitter on 7/4/1912). [1] Birth of Pat Rooney vaudevillian/actor (Night Club). [1] July 14 Birth of Donald Meek Glasgow Scotland; actor (Stage Fair, Stagecoach). [1] July 24 Birth of Ernest Bloch Geneva, Switzerland, composer (MacBeth). [1] July 27 Birth of Donald Crisp Scotland; actor (How Green Was My Valley, Pollyana). [1] Birth of Joseph Tinker baseball Hall of Famer, 1/3 of fame double play combo. [1] July 30 Birth of Robert Rutherford McCormick US, editor/publisher Chicago Tribune. [1] August 12 Birth of Christy Mathewson HOF baseball pitcher (Won 37 in 1908). [1] August 26 Birth of Guillaume Apollinaire France, poet/movie critic (Alcoola). [1] August 31 Birth of Queen Mother Wilhelmina Netherlands (1890-1948). [1] September 9 Birth of Viking Eggeling Sweden, artist/film maker (Diagonal Symphony). [1] September 12 Birth of Henry L Mencken Baltimore, Maryland, newspaperman/critic (Prejudices). [1] September 16 Birth of Alfred Noyes England, poet (The Highwayman). [1] September 23 Birth of John Boyd Orr nutritionist, United Nations's FAO (Nobel Prize 1949). [1] September 27 Birth of Jacques Thibaud Bordeaux France, violinist (Café Rogue). [1] September 28 Birth of Ralph Edward Flanders Barnet Vermont, (Senator-Vermont). [1] October 4 Birth of Damon Runyon writer (Guys and Dolls-based on his work). [1] October 22 Birth of Joe Carr Ohio, NFL hall of famer/NFL president (1921-39). [1] November 1 Birth of Grantland Rice sportswriter (New York Herald Tribune 1914-30, Colliers 1925-37). [1] In Berlin, Germany, Alfred Wegener born. [53] Birth of Sholem Asch Poland, Yiddish novelist/playwright (Three Cities). [1] November 3 Birth of Edmond Barrett heavyweight wrestler (Olympic-bronze-1908). [1] November 10 Birth of Sir Jacob Epstein sculptor (Adam, Jacob and the Angel). [1] December 5 Birth of Alexander Schmuller Russian/Netherlands violinist/conductor. [1] December 19 Birth of Nemesio Otano y Eugenio composer. [1] December 28 Birth of Christian DFL Leipoldt South african physician/writer/poet. [1] December 29 Birth of Jean-Fernand Vaubourgoin composer. [1] December 30 Birth of Alfred Einstein German/US musicologist/nephew of Albert Einstein. [1] December 31 Birth of George C Marshall Uniontown Pennsylvania, authored Marshall Plan (Nobel Prize 1953). [1] 1881 January 1 Birth of Carry van Bridges [de Haan], Dutch author (Heleen, Eva). [1] Birth of Richard Kean England; actor (Story of Will Rogers, Ten Commandments). [1] January 4 Birth of Wilhelm Lehmbruck in Meiderich, German; painter/poet/sculptor (Seated Youth). [1] [37] January 5 Birth of Nikolay Andreyevich Roslavets composer. [1] January 9 Birth of Giovanni Papini Italy, writer (Il Diavolo). [1] Birth of Lascelles Abercrombie English poet/critic (Revaluations). [1] January 17 Birth of Alfred R Radcliffe-Browne British anthropologist (Andaman Islanders). [1] January 18 Birth of Gaston Gallimard French publisher (Librairie Gallimard). [1] January 25 Birth of Emil Ludwig German biographer (Diana, Son of Man). [1] Birth of Gustave Frederic Soderlund composer. [1] January 31 Birth of Irving Langmuir physical chemist/colloid researcher/inventor (tungsten filament lamp/Nobel Prize 1932). [1] Birth of Joseph A Cushman US, palaentologist/foraminiferologist. [1] February 1 Birth of Jose Ignacio Quinton composer. [1] February 2 Birth of Karl Frederick pistol champion (Olympics-gold-1920). [1] February 4 Birth of Fernand Léger France, painter/ceramist/cubist (The City). [1] Birth of Kliment J Woroshilov Marshal/President USSR (1953-60). [1] February 5 Birth of Frederick Leonard Lonsdale British playwright (Balkan Princess). [1] February 6 Birth of Karl Weigl composer. [1] February 13 Birth of Eleanor Farjeon English writer (Martin Pippin). [1] February 14 Birth of Otto Selz German psychologist. [1] Birth of William John Gruffydd Welsh poet/scholar (Ynys yr Hud). [1] February 16 Birth of Maurits H E Uyldert Dutch poet/writer (Youth of a Poet). [1] February 19 Birth of Armin Knab German composer (Eichendorff-cycle). [1] Birth of Evert Gorter founder of Dutch medical child care. [1] Birth of Paul Zech writer. [1] February 20 Birth of Pedro Muñoz Seca Spanish playwright (Vengeanza de Don Mendo). [1] February 21 Birth of Savilly Tartakower Austrian/Polish/French chess player. [1] February 23 Birth of Titus [Anno S] Brandsma Dutch philosopher. [1] February 25 Birth of William Foster Massachusetts, Communist Presidential candidate (1924,28,32). [1] February 27 Birth of Luitzen [Bertus] Brouwers Dutch mathematician. [1] Birth of Sveinn Björnsson first President of Iceland (1944-52)/poet (Figur ild). [1] March 9 Birth of Enver Pasja Turkish General/politician. [1] Birth of Ernest Bevin British minister of Labour/Foreign affairs. [1] March 12 Birth of Daniel Webster Hoan Wisconsin (Mayor-Socialist-Milwaukee). [1] Birth of Kemal Atatürk first President of Republic of Turkey. [1] Birth of Väinö A Tanner premier of Finland (1926-27). [1] March 13 Birth of Balthazar H Verhagen Netherlands/South African dramatist/writer. [1] March 17 Birth of Kristian Elster Norwegian author (Less bror Harris). [1] March 18 Birth of Oliver Seibert hall of fame hockey player (elected 1963). [1] Birth of Paul Le Flem composer. [1] March 21 Birth of Hermann Sandby composer. [1] March 23 Birth of Hermann Staudinger Germany, chemist/plastics researcher (Nobel '53). [1] Birth of Roger Martin du Guard France, novelist (Les Thibault-Nobel Prize 1937). [1] March 25 Birth of Béla Bartók Hungary, composer/pianist (Concerto for Orchestra). [1] Birth of Louis Dosfel Flemish lawyer/writer (Assault!). [1] April 3 Birth of Alcide de Gasperi Italian premier (1945..53). [1] Birth of Margaret MJ "Daisy" Ashford English author (Young Sisters). [1] April 4 Birth of Charles Funk Ohio, Encylopediest (Funk and Wagnalls). [1] April 8 Birth of Fernand Lamy composer. [1] April 11 Birth of Harvey Bartlett Gaul composer. [1] April 13 Birth of Ludwig Binswanger Swiss psychiatrist (Über Ideenflucht). [1] April 14 Birth of Anton Wildgans Austrian writer/director (Burg Theater). [1] April 16 Birth of Edward Frederick Wood first Earl of Halifax/ambassador to US (1940-46). [1] April 17 Birth of Anton Wildgans writer. [1] April 18 Birth of Hermann KJ Zilcher German pianist/composer (Dr Eisenbart). [1] Birth of Max Weber Polish/Russian/US painter. [1] April 20 Birth of Nikolai Miaskovsky Novogeorievsk Poland, composer (Kirov is With Us). [1] Birth of Sem Dresden composer/conductor. [1] April 21 Birth of Jules-Marie Canneel Flemish painter/caricaturist (Rocks of Oran). [1] April 22 Birth of Alexander Kerensky Simbirsk, Russian Prime Minister (1917). [1] April 23 Birth of Claude Carter South African slow lefty cricketer (1912-22). [1] Birth of Otakar Sini composer. [1] April 25 Birth of Hans Windisch German new testament expert. [1] May 1 Birth of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin France, philosopher/paleontologist. [1] May 4 Birth of Aleksandr F Kerenski Russian premier (1917-Prelude to Bolshevism). [1] May 11 Birth of Jan van Gilse composer/resistance fighter (Frau Helga von Staveren). [1] Birth of Pascual Rogatis composer. [1] May 13 Birth of Ilona Durigo Hungarian singer. [1] May 14 Birth of Ed Walsh pitcher, whose lifetime ERA of 1.82 is the lowest ever. [1] Birth of Julian Eltinge [William Dalton] Newtonville Massachusetts, vaudeville star/greatest female impersonator. [1] May 18 Birth of Georgi Atanasov composer. [1] May 20 Birth of Wladyslaw Sikorski premier Poland (WWII general). [1] May 24 Birth of Mikulas Schneider-Trvavsky composer. [1] May 27 Birth of Rudolf Pannwitz German writer. [1] May 29 Birth of Frederik Septimus Kelly composer. [1] May 30 Birth of George von Küchler German fieldmarshal (Invasion Netherlands). [1] June 13 Birth of Lois Weber first US woman film director (What Do Men Want?). [1] August 6 Birth of Sir Alexander Fleming cashed in on penicillin (Nobel Prize 1954). [1] August 12 Birth of Cecil B deMille Massachusetts, directed God (10 Commandments). [1] August 19 Birth of Georges Enesco (or Enescu) Romania, composer (Romanian Dances). [1] August 20 Birth of Edgar Albert Guest Detroit Michigan, poet/newspaperman. [1] August 29 Birth of Valery Nicolas Larbaud France, novelist/translator (Enfantines). [1] September 6 Birth of Leo Carrillo Los Angeles California; actor (Pancho-Cisco Kid). [1] September 15 Birth of Ettore Arco Isidoro Bugatti Milan, race car builder (Amaz Bugattis). [1] September 27 Birth of William Clothier first president of tennis hall of fame. [1] October 1 Birth of William Edward Boeing founded aircraft co (Boeing). [1] October 15 Birth of P.G. Wodehouse British-American writer (Stiff Upper Lip Jeeves). [1] October 25 Birth of Pablo Picasso Spain, artist (3 Dancers, Guernica). [1] November 15 Birth of Franklin P Adams Chicago Illinois, columnist (Information Please). [1] November 18 Birth of Percy Lesueur hockey player/inventor (large goalie glove). [1] November 25 Birth of John XXIII [Angelo Roncalli], Bergamo Italy, 261st pope (1958-63). [1] November 28 Birth of Stefan Zweig Vienna Austria, poet/essayist/dramatist (Beware of Pity). [1] December 4 Birth of Erwin von Witzleben German fieldmarshal (July 20th plot). [1] December 8 Birth of Padraic Colum Irish poet/novelist/poet (Collected Poems). [1] December 15 Birth of James Schneider New York; actor (Keystone Kops). [1] December 17 Birth of Aubrey Faulkner cricketer (great South Africa all-rounder early 20th cent). [1] Birth of Johannes CB "Jan" Sluyters Dutch painter. [1] December 20 Birth of Branch Rickey baseball executive (Brooklyn Dodgers). [1] December 22 Birth of Enver Pasa Istanbul Turkey, Turkish politician. [1] December 24 Birth of Bronislaw Zygmunt Szulc composer. [1] Birth of Charles Wakefield Cadman composer. [1] Birth of Juan Ramón Jiménez Spain, poet (Distant Gardens, Nobel Prize 1956). [1] December 25 Birth of Joseph V McCarthy baseball manager (New York Yankees). [1] December 31 Birth of Colin G Fink US chemist (electro chemistry). [1] Birth of Jacob Israel de Haan Dutch poet/writer (Pipelines, Jewish Song). [1] Birth of Max Pechstein German "entartet" painter/graphic artist (The Bridge). [1]