1830

January 2

• Birth of Henry Kingsley English/Australian writer. [1]

January 3

• Birth of Alexander Ewing composer. [1]

January 7

• Birth of (Samuel) Emerson Opdycke Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
• Birth of Albert Bierstadt in Dusseldorf, Germany; painter of grandiose scenes of the American West, part of the "Hudson River School". [1] [37]

January 8

• Birth of Governer Kemble Warren Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1882. [1]
• Birth of Hans von Bülow in Dresden, Germany; pianist/virtuoso conductor/musical writer. [1] [37]

January 19

• Birth of George Blake Cosby Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1909. [1]

January 23

• Birth of Gaston AA Marquis de Gallifet French General /minister of War (1899-1900). [1]

January 27

• Birth of Georg Hellmesberger composer. [1]
• Birth of William Henry Fitzhugh Payne Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]

January 31

• Birth of James Gillespie Blaine West Brownsville Pennsylvania, (Representative-Republican-Maine 1863-76/Senator-Republican-Maine 1876-81/Secretary of State 1889-92). [1]

February 3

• Birth of Robert Cecil Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative), British Prime Minister (1885-1902). [1]

February 6

• Birth of Marcellus Monroe Crocker Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1865). [1]

February 9

• Birth of Abdül Aziz Istanbul Ottoman, 32nd sultan of Turkey (1861-76). [1]

February 11

• Birth of Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf composer. [1]
• Birth of Peter Arnold Heise composer. [1]

March 12

• Birth of William Felix Brantley Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1870. [1]

March 15

• Birth of Paul von Heyse Germany, writer (Nobel Prize 1910). [1]

March 18

• Birth of Numa D Fustel de Coulanges French historian/sociologist. [1]

March 20

• Birth of Eugene Asa Carr Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1910. [1]

March 25

• Birth of Julius Caesar cricketer (prominent batsman for Surrey). [1]

March 26

• Birth of Eliza Laurillard Dutch vicar/poet/writer. [1]
• Birth of John Rogers Thomas composer. [1]

March 30

• Birth of Auguste Tolbecque composer. [1]
• Birth of Julius F A Bahnsen German philosopher. [1]

April 5

• Birth of Alexander Muir Lesmahagow Scotland, poet (The Maple Leaf Forever). [1]

April 6

• Birth of James Augustine Healy Macon Georgia, first black Roman Catholic bishop. [1]

April 9

• Birth of Eadweard Muybridge England, pioneered study of motion, photography. [1]

April 13

• Birth of Eduard Lassen composer. [1]

April 19

• Birth of Rudolf Cornely German bible expert/jesuit. [1]

April 29

• Birth of Adolph Sutro San Francisco mayor, built Cliff House, railways, tunnels. [1]

April 30

• Birth of Davis Tillson Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1895. [1]

May 1

• Birth of Mary Harris Jones [Mother Jones], hell-raiser. [1]

May 6

• Birth of Guido Gezelle Flemish priest/poet. [1]

May 10

• Birth of François M Raoult French physicist/chemist (law of Raoult). [1]

May 11

• Birth of John Converse Starkweather Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]

May 13

• Birth of Zebulon Baird Vance Governor (Confederacy), died in 1894. [1]

May 14

• Birth of George Pierce Doles Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1]

May 15

• Birth of Laurence Simmons Baker Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1907. [1]
• Birth of Martinus W van der Aa author/Dutch head-editor (The Time). [1]

May 18

• Birth of Karl Goldmark Keszthely Hungary, composer (Sakuhtala). [1]

May 20

• Birth of Amalia princess of Saxon-Weimar-Eisenach/wife of prince Henry. [1]
• Birth of Hector H Malot French writer (Without Family). [1]

May 25

• Birth of Jules de Geyter Belgian poet (International). [1]

May 28

• Birth of George Lucas Hartsuff Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1874. [1]
• Birth of Karoly Filtsch composer. [1]

May 30

• Birth of Edward Winslow Hinks Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

September 8

• Birth of Frédéric Mistral Provençal poet (Nobel Prize 1904). [1]

September 15

• Birth of Porfirio Díaz soldier, president of Mexico (1877-1911). [1]

October 5

• Birth of Chester Alan Arthur Fairfield Vt, (Republican) 21st President (1881-85). [1]

October 10

• Birth of Queen Isabella II Queen of Spain (1833-68). [1]

October 30

• Birth of John S Bowen Major-General (Confederate). [1]

December 5

• Birth of Christina Rossetti London, poet (Winter Rain, Passing Away). [1]

December 7

• Birth of Luigi Cremona Italian mathematician/minister of Education. [1]

December 10

• Birth of Emily Dickinson Amherst Massachusetts, poet (Collected Poems). [1]
• Birth of Kálmán Tisza premier of Hungary (1875-90). [1]

December 12

• Birth of Joseph Orville Shelby Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1897. [1]

December 14

• Birth of Allen Thomas Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1907. [1]

December 15

• Birth of Francesco D'Arcais composer. [1]

December 16

• Birth of John Frederick Hartranft Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1889. [1]

December 17

• Birth of Jules de Goncourt France, novelist (Germinie). [1]

December 22

• Birth of Justin M'Carthy Ireland, Irish politician/novelist (Miss Misanthrope). [1]

December 23

• Birth of Adam Minchejmer composer. [1]

December 31

• Birth of Ismail Pasha kedive of Egypt (1863-79). [1]

1831

January 1

• Birth of William Joseph Westbrook composer. [1]

January 2

• Birth of Justin Winston historian/librarian (Harvard). [1]

January 11

• Birth of James Ronald Chalmers Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1898. [1]

January 14

• Birth of John Bullock Clark Jr Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1903. [1]

January 18

• Birth of Edward Ferrero Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1899. [1]

January 20

• Birth of Pieter J Joubert General (South Africa). [1]

January 26

• Birth of Mary Mapes Dodge New York City, New York, writer (Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates). [1]

January 28

• Birth of Henry Brevard Davidson Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1899. [1]

February 3

• Birth of Cyrus Ballou Comstock Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1910. [1]

February 12

• Birth of John Morrissey boxer/developer of Saratoga Springs horse race track. [1]

February 13

• Birth of John Aaron Rawlins Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1869. [1]

February 16

• Birth of Nikolai Leskow writer. [1]

February 17

• Birth of Francisco Salvador Daniel composer. [1]

February 21

• Birth of Eduard Rappoldi composer. [1]

February 23

• Birth of Hendrik W Mesdag Dutch painter (Panorama Mesdag). [1]

February 24

• Birth of Georg Leo earl von Caprivi German chancellor/premier of Prussia. [1]

February 26

• Birth of Filippo Marchetti composer. [1]

March 1

• Birth of Hiram Bronson Granbury Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1]

March 3

• Birth of George M Pullman inventor (railway sleeping car). [1]

March 6

• Birth of Friedrich C K von Bodelschwingh German theologist (Home Mission). [1]
• Birth of Philip Henry Sheridan Albany New York, Major General (Union Army). [1]

March 7

• Birth of John Bratton [Old Reliable], US physician/Confederate Brigadier General. [1]

March 12

• Birth of Clement Studebaker automobile pioneer (Studebaker). [1]

March 14

• Birth of Leon Leopold Lewandoski composer. [1]

March 15

• Birth of Edward Aylesworth Perry Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]

March 29

• Birth of Amelia Barr writer. [1]

March 31

• Birth of Archibald Scott Scottish chemist. [1]

April 4

• Birth of Edward Cary Walthall Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1898. [1]

April 8

• Birth of Allard Pierson Dutch theologiost/philosopher/art historian/poet. [1]

April 12

• Birth of Constantin Meunier Belgian painter/sculptor. [1]
• Birth of George Burgwyn Anderson Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
• Birth of Grenville Mellen Dodge Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

April 14

• Birth of Gerhard Rohlfs German explorer/ambassador in Abyssinia. [1]

April 22

• Birth of Alexander McDowell McCook Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

May 13

• Birth of Willem baron of Goltstein of Oldenaller Dutch minister of Colonies. [1]

May 16

• Birth of David Edward Hughes inventor (microphone, teleprinter). [1]

May 24

• Birth of Richard Hoffman composer. [1]

May 28

• Birth of Eliza Ann Gardner underground railway conductor. [1]

June 1

• Birth of John B Hood confederate general (lost Atlanta). [1]

June 13

• Birth of James Clerk Maxwell physicist, formulated electromagnetic theory. [1]

June 28

• Birth of Joseph Joachim Kittsee Germany, violinist (Hungarian Concerto). [1]

August 28

• Birth of Lucy Ware Webb Hayes first lady. [1]

October 6

• Birth of Richard Dedekind mathematician (Nature and Meaning of Numbers). [1]

October 15

• Birth of Helen Maria Hunt Jackson author (Ramona). [1]

November 13

• Birth of James Maxwell Edinburgh Scotland, physicist (Treatise on Electricity). [1]

November 19

• Birth of James A Garfield 20th President (March 4-Sept 19, 1881). [1]

December 6

• Birth of Joshua Woodrow Sill Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1862. [1]

December 10

• Birth of Alexander Conze German archaeologist. [1]

December 19

• Birth of Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Hawaii. [1]

December 22

• Birth of Mark Rutherford writer. [1]
• Birth of Robert Ogden Tyler Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1874. [1]

December 25

• Birth of Johann Herbeck composer. [1]

December 27

• Birth of Lucius Fairchild Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1896. [1]

December 29

• Birth of Adam Badeau Brevet Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1895. [1]

1832

January 6

• Birth of Gustave Doré Strasbourg France, illustrator (Inferno, Ancient Mariner). [1]

January 9

• Birth of Esquire Maurits A de Savornin Lohman Dutch Governor of Suriname. [1]

January 12

• Birth of Richard Waterhouse Jr Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1876. [1]

January 19

• Birth of Ferdinand Laub composer. [1]
• Birth of Salvador Giner y Vidal composer. [1]

January 23

• Birth of Édouard Manet France, Impressionist painter (Déjeuner sur L'Herbe). [1]

January 24

• Birth of John Pegram Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1865. [1]

January 27

• Birth of Lewis Carroll [Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], author (Alice in Wonderland). [1]

January 28

• Birth of Franz Wullner composer. [1]

February 6

• Birth of John Brown Gordon Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1904. [1]

February 16

• Birth of Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac Major General (Confederate Army). [1]

February 25

• Birth of Theodorus J I Arnold bibliographer (Bibliotheca Belgian). [1]

February 26

• Birth of John George Nicolay US, author (Abe Lincoln's biographer). [1]

February 27

• Birth of Alfred Pollard Edward Civil War journalist, died in 1872. [1]

March 1

• Birth of Friedrich Grutzmacher composer. [1]

March 7

• Birth of Orlando Metcalfe Poe Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1895. [1]

March 10

• Birth of William Henry Penrose Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1903. [1]

March 11

• Birth of Franz Melde German physicist (Melde test). [1]
• Birth of William Ruffin Cox Brigadier General (Confederate Army-2nd North Carolina Infantry), died in 1919. [1]

March 12

• Birth of Charles Boycott Ireland, estate manager/caused boycotts. [1]

March 13

• Birth of Alberto Randegger composer. [1]

March 16

• Birth of Charles Camp Doolittle Brevet Major General (Union volunteer). [1]

March 17

• Birth of Moncure Daniel Conway US, clergyman/author/abolitionist (Life of Thomas Paine). [1]
• Birth of Walter Quintin Gresham Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

April 4

• Birth of Jose Echegaray y Elizaguirre playwright/scientist (Teatro Escogido). [1]

April 5

• Birth of Jules-François Camille Ferry French statesman. [1]

April 8

• Birth of Alfred von Waldersee Prussian fieldmarshal. [1]

April 13

• Birth of James Wimshurst British designer/inventor (electricstatic generator). [1]

April 14

• Birth of James Hewett Ledlie Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1882. [1]

April 16

• Birth of John A Neuhuys painter. [1]

April 19

• Birth of José Echegaray y Eizaguirre mathematician/dramatist (Nobel Prize 1904). [1]
• Birth of Lucretia Rudolph Garfield US first lady (1881-1885). [1]

April 22

• Birth of Julius Sterling Morton Adams New York, (Governor-Nebraska), started Arbor Day. [1]

May 5

• Birth of H H Bancroft historian, publisher (History of the Pacific States). [1]

May 7

• Birth of Carl G Neumann German mathematician/physicist (Neumann-functions). [1]

May 16

• Birth of Philip Danforth Armour founder (Armour Foods). [1]

May 23

• Birth of Pieter van der Aa Leyden Holland, Dutch Indologist/geographer. [1]

May 30

• Birth of George Doherty Johnston Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]

June 17

• Birth of Sir William Crookes chemist/physicist; discovered thallium. [1]

August 2

• Birth of Henry Steel Olcott first president of Theosophical Society. [1]

August 4

• Birth of Gaspar N£ñez de Arce Spain, poet "Spanish Tennyson". [1]

October 1

• Birth of Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison first wife of Benjamin Harrison. [1]

November 6

• Birth of Joseph Smith son of founder of Mormonism. [1]

November 7

• Birth of Andrew Dickson White educator/first President of Cornell. [1]

November 18

• Birth of Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskjold Sweden, Arctic explorer. [1]

November 26

• Birth of Mary Edwards Walker US, doctor/women's rights leader. [1]

November 29

• Birth of Louisa May Alcott Germantown Pennsylvania, author (Little Women). [1]

December 1

• Birth of Archibald Gracie Jr Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1]

December 8

• Birth of Björnstjerne Björnson Norway, novelist (Pa Guds Veje, Nobel Prize-1903). [1]

December 12

• Birth of Abraham C Wertheim Dutch banker/Member of Parliament (liberal). [1]

December 14

• Birth of Daniel Harris Reynolds Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1902. [1]

December 15

• Birth of Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel French engineer (Eiffel tower). [1]

December 19

• Birth of John Kirk Barry Scotland, Dr/companion to explorer David Livingstone. [1]

December 21

• Birth of John Henry Ketcham Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1906. [1]

December 22

• Birth of Edward Hatch Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1889. [1]

December 25

• Birth of Thomas Alfred Smyth Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1865. [1]

1833

January 12

• Birth of Eugen Dühring in Berlin, Germany; political philosopher, professor, writer Captial und Arbeit (1865), Kritische Geschichte der Philosophie (1869) and Cursus der National- und Socialökonomie (1873-92). [37]

January 21

• Birth of Norman Willis union leader (Britain's Trades Union Congress). [1]

January 23

• Birth of John Randolph Chambliss Jr Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1]

January 24

• Birth of Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer German, historian (Deutsche Geschichte). [1]

January 28

• Birth of Charles George Gordon London England, military hero/general (China, Khartoum). [1]

February 1

• Birth of Henry McNeal Turner black methodist bishop. [1]

February 3

• Birth of Thomas T H Jorissen Dutch historian. [1]

February 5

• Birth of John Watkinson founder of British Chess Magazine (oldest chess magazine). [1]

February 6

• Birth of James Ewell Brown "JEB" Stuart Major General (Commander of Cavalry, Confederate Army). [1]
• Birth of José M de Pereda y Sánchez the Porrúa Spanish writer (Sotileza). [1]

February 7

• Birth of Ricardo Palma Peru, writer/poet (Tradiciones Peruanas). [1]

February 11

• Birth of Melville Weston Fuller 8th chief justice. [1]

February 13

• Birth of William Whedbee Kirkland Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1915. [1]

February 18

• Birth of James Deshler Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1863. [1]

February 19

• Birth of Élie Ducommun Switzerland, writer/pacifist (Nobel Prize 1902). [1]

February 22

• Birth of Josef Foerster composer. [1]

February 24

• Birth of Eduard earl von Taaffe Austrian premier (1868-93). [1]

February 25

• Birth of Clement Anselm Evans Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1911. [1]
• Birth of Julie Verstraete-Lacquet Flemish actress. [1]

February 28

• Birth of Alfred von Schlieffen Count/Prussian General-field marshal. [1]

March 10

• Birth of Pedro Antonio de Alarcón Spain, writer (Three-Cornered Hat). [1]

March 14

• Birth of John Sappington Marmaduke Major General (Confederate Army). [1]
• Birth of Lucy Hobbs Taylor first US woman dentist (1866). [1]

March 20

• Birth of Henry Southwick Perkins composer. [1]

March 26

• Birth of Betsy Perk [Christina E], Dutch journalist/writer/feminist. [1]

April 2

• Birth of Thomas Howard Ruger Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

April 6

• Birth of Johan H C Kern Dutch linguist (Sanskrit, Old Javan). [1]

April 10

• Birth of David McMurtrie Gregg Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
• Birth of James Edward Rains Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1862. [1]

May 5

• Birth of Ferdinand von Richthofen German geographer/explorer. [1]

May 7

• Birth of Johannes Brahms Hamburg Germany, composer, enjoys a good lullaby. [1]

May 8

• Birth of Frank Wheaton Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1903. [1]

May 9

• Birth of Boleslaw Dembinski composer. [1]

August 11

• Birth of Robert Green Ingersoll New York, author/politician/agnostic (Attorney General-Republican-Illinois). [1]

August 20

• Birth of Benjamin Harrison North Bend, Ohio (Republican) 23rd President (1889-1893). [1]

August 28

• Birth of Sir Edward Burne-Jones England, Pre-Raphaelite painter/designer. [1]

September 20

• Birth of Ernesto Teodoro Moneta Italy, journalist (Nobel Peace Prize 1907). [1]

October 21

• Birth of Alfred Bernhard Nobel in Stockholm, Sweden; created dynamite and Peace Prizes (dies 1896). [1] [5]

November 12

• Birth of Aleksandr Borodin Russia, composer (Robert LeDiable). [1]

November 13

• Birth of Edwin Thomas Booth US, US Hall of Fame/actor (Hamlet). [1]

December 6

• Birth of John Singleton Mosby lawyer/Colonel (Confederate Army), died in 1916. [1]

December 12

• Birth of Matthias Hohner German manufacturer (harmonica). [1]

December 17

• Birth of James Thadeus Holtzclaw Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1893. [1]

December 20

• Birth of Dr Samuel A Mudd convicted of giving medical aid to John Wilkes Booth. [1]

December 28

• Birth of Charles Miller Shelley Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1907. [1]

December 29

• Birth of John James Ingalls (Representative-Kansas). [1]

1834

January 1

• Birth of Ludovic Halévy Paris France; actor (Carmen). [1]

January 10

• Birth of John Acton English historian/Member of Parliament. [1]

January 13

• Birth of Horatio Alger Jr Revere Massachusetts, author (Lost at Sea, Work and Win). [1]

January 14

• Birth of William Cleaver Francis Robinson composer. [1]

January 16

• Birth of Albert Lindley Lee Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1907. [1]

January 17

• Birth of August Weismann in Frankfurt am Main, Germany; professor of medicine at the University of Freiburg, developed of a theory of cellular germ plasm, from which the modern understanding of DNA develops. [37]
• Birth of Wilhelmina J R Albregt-Engelman Dutch actress/daughter of Mimi Bia. [1]

January 25

• Birth of Pablo Hernandez Salces composer. [1]

January 27

• Birth of Dmitri Mendeleev chemist (discovered periodic table of the elements). [1]
• Birth of Robert Sanford Foster Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

January 30

• Birth of Lord Avebury [John Lubbock], British banker/politician. [1]

February 6

• Birth of William Dorsey Pender Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1863. [1]

February 7

• Birth of Dmitri I Mendelejev Russian chemist (devised Periodic Table). [1]

February 9

• Birth of Felix Dahn writer. [1]
• Birth of Franz Xaver Witt composer. [1]

February 15

• Birth of Sir William Preece English electrical engineer, wireless pioneer. [1]

February 16

• Birth of Ernst Heinrich Haeckel Potsdam Germany, biologist (Causes of Evolution). [1]

February 22

• Birth of Albert Heinrich Zabel composer. [1]

February 23

• Birth of Gustav Hermann Nachtigal German physician/colonizer/consul in Tunisia. [1]

February 26

• Birth of Aleksander Zarzycki composer. [1]

March 4

• Birth of Peter Nicolai von Wilm composer. [1]

March 17

• Birth of Gottlieb Daimler Germany, engineer/inventor/auto pioneer-designed first motorcycle. [1]

March 20

• Birth of Charles William Elliot Boston Massachusetts, President of Harvard (1869-1909). [1]

March 22

• Birth of Francis Asbury Shoup Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1896. [1]

March 23

• Birth of Julius Reubke composer. [1]

March 24

• Birth of John Wesley Powell US, geologist/explorer/ethnologist. [1]
• Birth of William Morris England, designer/craftsman/poet/socialist. [1]

April 1

• Birth of Isidore Edouard Legouix composer. [1]

April 2

• Birth of Frédéric-Auguste Bertholdi France, sculptor (Statue of Liberty). [1]

April 21

• Birth of William Rufus Terrill Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1862. [1]

April 26

• Birth of Artemus Ward [Charles Farrar Browne] humorist. [1]
• Birth of Horatio Richmond Palmer composer. [1]

May 21

• Birth of Charles-Albert Gobat Switzerland, politician/lawyer/author (Nobel Prize 1902). [1]

July 10

• Birth of James Abbott McNeill Whistler artist (Whistler's Mother). [5] (July 14 [1])

July 19

• Birth of Edgar Degas France, impressionist painter (Bouquet). [1]

July 23

• Birth of James Cardinal Gibbons archbishop of Baltimore. [1]

August 18

• Birth of Marshall Field founded Chicago-based store chain. [1]

August 31

• Birth of Amilcare Ponchielli Paderno Italy, composer (I Lituani). [1]

October 10

• Birth of Aleksis Kivi Finland, playwright (Kullervo, Seitsemän Veljestä). [1]

December 16

• Birth of Léon Walras French economist (border use theory). [1]

December 23

• Birth of Thomas R Malthus English vicar/economist (moral restraint). [1]