References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1883 January 1 Birth of Federigo Tozzi Italian writer/journalist (La Torre, Tre Croci). [1] Birth of Heiko E Arnoldi Dutch actor (3 Drops of Water)/theater director. [1] January 3 Birth of Clement Richard Attlee (Liberal) British Prime Minister (1945-51). [1] January 4 Birth of Johanna Westerdijk botanist/Netherlands first female profressor (Utrecht, 1917-52). [1] Birth of Max F Eastman US, critic/essayist (Masses). [1] January 6 Birth of Khalil Gibran Lebanon, mystic poet (The Prophet, Broken Wings). [1] January 7 Birth of Andrew Browne Irish/British admiral (WWII). [1] January 8 Birth of Josue Teofilo Wilkes composer. [1] January 10 Birth of Aleksei Tolstoi Russian poet/writer (Pjotr Peroyj). [1] Birth of Florence Reed Philadelphia Pennsylvania, silent film actress (Dancing Girl). [1] Birth of Francis X Bushman Norfolk Virginia, silent film actor (Ben Hur, Spy's Defeat). [1] January 19 Birth of Hermann Abendroth German conductor. [1] January 20 Birth of Betram Home Ramsay English admiral/Commander Allied Naval Forces. [1] January 21 Birth of Olav Aukrust Norway, poet. [1] January 24 Birth of Estelle Winwood [Goodwin], England, actress (Miracle on 34th Street). [1] February 1 Birth of Jevgeni B Vachtangov Armenian/Russian actor/director (Eric XIV). [1] February 2 Birth of Mikhail Fabianovich Gnesin composer. [1] February 3 Birth of Camille Bombois French circus wrestler/painter. [1] Birth of Clarence Mulford Illinois, western writer (Hopalong Cassidy). [1] February 7 Birth of Eubie Blake ragtime composer/pianist (I'm Just Wild About Harry, Memories of You). [1] Birth of Paul de Backer Belgian radiologist. [1] February 8 Birth of Joseph A Schumpeter Austria/US economist/minister of finance. [1] February 11 Birth of Paul August von Klenau Danish composer/conductor (Sulamith). [1] February 12 Birth of Ludwig Stossel Austria; actor (Man With a Camera). [1] February 13 Birth of Bainbridge Crist composer. [1] Birth of Harold "Hal" Chase baseball player/manager. [1] February 18 Birth of Tom Walls Kingsthorpe England; actor/producer (Undercover). [1] February 20 Birth of Shiga Naoya Japan, novelist (Road Through the Dark Night). [1] February 21 Birth of J M M "Mick" Commaille cricketer (dual South African cricket/soccer representative). [1] February 22 Birth of Alfred Wikenhauser German Roman Catholic exegetist (John-Apokalyps). [1] Birth of Jaroslav Kocian composer. [1] Birth of Marguerite Clark voice (Snow White). [1] February 23 Birth of Karl Jaspers Oldenburg Germany, existentialist philosopher. [1] Birth of Victor Fleming Pasadena California, director (Wizard of Oz, Gone With Wind). [1] February 26 Birth of Erich R Jaensch German psychologist (eidetism). [1] March 1 Birth of Thomas Shelvin college footballer great (Yale). [1] March 7 Birth of Carl Deis composer. [1] March 8 Birth of Manuel Gomez Carillo composer. [1] March 9 Birth of Umberto Saba writer. [1] March 12 Birth of Judge Jackson composer. [1] March 13 Birth of Enrico Toselli composer. [1] March 14 Birth of Juan Manen composer. [1] March 19 Birth of Josef Matthais Hauer composer. [1] Birth of Joseph W Stilwell US General (China). [1] March 20 Birth of Colin Campbell Falkirk Scotland, actress (High Bright Sun, Leather Boys). [1] Birth of Karl Hasse composer. [1] March 21 Birth of Jules van Nuffel composer. [1] March 23 Birth of Faisal I ibn Hussein ibn Ali first king of Iraq/Syria. [1] March 24 Birth of James I Wedgwood British theosophist/old-catholic bishop. [1] March 27 Birth of Jan Kunc composer. [1] March 28 Birth of William H Harris composer. [1] March 29 Birth of Donald Dexter Van Slyke US chemist (Micromanometric analysis). [1] March 30 Birth of Jo Davidson US, sculptor (Woodrow Wilson, Walt Whitman). [1] April 1 Birth of Aleksander V Aleksandrov Russian composer/conductor. [1] Birth of Lon Chaney Colorado Springs Colorado, man of 1000 faces; actor (High Noon, Phantom of Opera). [1] April 6 Birth of Mien Labberton Dutch poetress. [1] April 9 Birth of Renzo Bossi composer. [1] April 11 Birth of Leonard Mudie England; actor (Magnetic Monster, British Intelligence). [1] April 12 Birth of Imogen Cunningham photographer (1965 ASMP award). [1] April 13 Birth of Alexander Alexandrov composer. [1] Birth of Demjan Bednyi writer. [1] April 17 Birth of Hermann Darewsky composer. [1] April 19 Birth of Getúlio Vargas President of Brazil (1930-45, 1951-54), modernizer. [1] April 24 Birth of Jaroslav Hasek Czechoslovakia, writer (Brave soldier Schweik) [or April 30]. [1] April 25 Birth of Elsa Maxwell Keokuk Iowa, writer (Jack Paar Show). [1] April 27 Birth of Hubert Harrison Saint Croix Virgin Island, writer/freedom fighter. [1] April 30 Birth of David John de Lloyd composer. [1] May 5 Birth of Charles Bender only American Indian in baseball's Hall of Fame. [1] Birth of Leopold Samuel composer. [1] Birth of Petar Konjovic composer. [1] May 6 Birth of José Ortega y Gasset Spanish philosopher/author [or May 9]. [1] May 7 Birth of Gino Roncaglia composer. [1] Birth of Martin Albertz German theologist (Church Jesus Christ). [1] May 9 Birth of José Ortega y Gasset Spain, philosopher (Revolt of the Masses). [1] May 13 Birth of Henk JFM Sneevliet leader RSAP/editor Spartacus (Dutch-Indies). [1] May 14 Birth of Jan Olieslagers Belgian aviation pioneer (Antwerp Devil). [1] May 15 Birth of Stanley Robert Marchant composer. [1] May 18 Birth of Walter Gropius Berlin Germany, architect (founded Bauhaus school of design). [1] May 19 Birth of Henricus Keuls Dutch lawyer/poet (Dancing Lamp). [1] May 20 Birth of Paul Arntzenius painter/graphic artist/etcher. [1] May 23 Birth of Douglas Fairbanks in Denver, Colorado, USA; actor (Zorro, Three Musketeers, Robin Hood). [1] [5] May 28 Birth of George Dyson composer. [1] Birth of Luigi Perrachio composer. [1] May 29 Birth of William Beatton Moonie composer. [1] May 30 Birth of Riccardo Zandonai composer. [1] June 5 Birth of John Maynard Keynes Cambridge England, economist/math/journalist. [1] June 11 Birth of Frank O. King Cashton, Wisc., "Gasoline Alley" cartoonist. [1] July 3 Birth of Alfred Korzybski Poland, scientist (Science and Sanity). [1] Birth of Franz Kafka in Czechoslovakia; author (Metamorphosis, Trial, Amerika). [1] [5] July 4 Birth of Rube Goldberg who made the easy outrageously difficult. [1] July 25 Birth of Alfredo Casella Turin Italy, composer (La Giara). [1] July 29 Birth of Benito Mussolini [Il Duce], Fascist Italian dictator (1922-43). [1] July 31 Fred Quimby is born. [5] August 6 Birth of Scott Nearing US sociologist/pacifist/author (The Good Life). [1] August 9 Birth of George Hoyt NBA hall of fame referee (elected 1961). [1] September 6 Birth of Lord Birkett England, judge (Nüremburg Trials). [1] September 18 Birth of Lord Berners (Gerald Tyrwhitt) England, composer (first Childhood). [1] September 28 In Sandusky Bay, Ohio, James B. Macelwane is born. [53] November 7 Birth of Elder Lightfoot Solomon Michaux Newport News Virginia, TV preacher. [1] November 8 Birth of Sir Arnold Bax London, England, composer (Farewell My Youth). [1] November 11 Birth of Ernest Ansermet Vevey Switzerland, conductor (Ruilles de Printemps). [1] November 23 Birth of Jose Clemente Orozco Mexico, painter (Epic of Culture in New World). [1] December 1 Birth of Romanos Hovakimi Melik'yan composer. [1] December 3 Birth of Albert "Tibby" Cotter cricketer (great Aussie quick of early century). [1] Birth of Anton [Friedrich Wilhelm] von Webern Vienna Austria, 12-tone composer. [1] December 9 Birth of Alexander Papagos Greek fieldmarshal/supreme commander. [1] December 10 Birth of Andrej J Vysjinski Russian lawyer/foreign minister/UN-ambassador. [1] December 14 Birth of Manolis Kalomiris Greek opera composer. [1] Birth of Morihei Ueshiba founder (Aikido). [1] December 16 Birth of Max Linder Caverne France; actor/comic/director (Max Prend un Bain). [1] December 19 Birth of Louis Davids [Simon David] Dutch cabaret performer/chorus performer. [1] Birth of [Francis] Barry Byrne Chicago Illinois, architect. [1] December 22 Birth of Arthur James Cook England, union leader (coal miners). [1] Birth of Edgard Victor Achille C Varèse Paris France, composer (Innisation). [1] December 23 Birth of Hubert M E Pierlot Belgian advocate/premier (1939-45). [1] December 25 Birth of Fran Lhotka composer. [1] Birth of Maurice Utrillo France, painter (Port Saint Martin, Montmartre). [1] December 26 Birth of Carl Oscar Ahues Germany, International Chess Master (1950). [1] Birth of Frank Debenham Australian geographer/geologist. [1] December 28 Birth of A Wolfenstein writer. [1] December 30 Birth of Lester Patrick NHL pioneer. [1] Birth of Mary Forbes Hornsey England, actress (Terror by Night). [1] 1884 January 1 Birth of George W Meyer Boston Massachusetts, composer/lyricist (Bells of St. Mary's, Broadway Babies). [1] January 2 Birth of Jacques Chardonne [Boutelleau], French writer (l'Epithalame). [1] January 3 Birth of Eli S Jones US, evangelist (Christ of Indian road). [1] Birth of Raoul Armand Georg Koczalski composer. [1] January 10 Birth of James Philip Dunn composer. [1] January 12 Birth of Louis Horst composer. [1] January 13 Birth of Johannes Elsensohn Dutch actor/writer (Arie, novel from the Jordan). [1] Birth of Sophie Tucker [Kalish], Russia, singer/last of red hot mammas. [1] January 17 Birth of Noah Beery US actor (Mark of Zorro, Sea Wolf). [1] January 18 Birth of Arthur Ransome English author (Swallows and Amazons). [1] January 19 Birth of Albert Louis Wolff composer. [1] January 20 Birth of A[braham P] Merritt US, sci-fi author (Moon Pool, Creep Shadow!). [1] January 21 Birth of Katie Sandwina Germany, legendary woman weight-lifter. [1] Birth of Roger Nash Baldwin founder (American Civil Liberties Union). [1] January 25 Birth of Edward Kilenyi composer. [1] January 26 Birth of Edward Sapir Germany, linguist/anthropologist (Indians). [1] Birth of Roy Chapman Andrews US, scientist/explorer. [1] January 28 Birth of Auguste Piccard Switzerland, scientist/explorer (balloonist). [1] Birth of Lucien H d'Azambuja France, astronomer (chromosphere of sun). [1] January 29 Birth of Juhan Aavic composer. [1] January 31 Birth of Nicholas Joy Paris France; actor (Boss Lady). [1] February 1 Birth of Yevgeny Zamyatin Russia, novelist/playwright (We). [1] February 2 Birth of Julis Deutsch Austria politician/General Spanish Republican Army. [1] Birth of S Z Sakall Budapest Hungary; actor (Dolly Sisters, Casablanca). [1] February 4 Birth of Julius Callewaert Flemish Dominican/bringing up children. [1] Birth of Rolland Beaumont cricketer (South African batsman in five tests 1912-14). [1] February 9 Birth of Frederik Gerretson [Geerten Gossaert], Dutch poet/politician). [1] February 10 Birth of Herbert Hordern cricketer (pioneering leggie for Australia and Philadelphia). [1] February 12 Birth of Max Beckmann German painter/graphic artist. [1] February 16 Birth of Robert Flaherty Michigan, father of documentary film (Nanook of the North). [1] February 17 Birth of Arthur Vanderpoorten Flemish minister of Internal affairs (1940). [1] February 18 Birth of Burt Mustin Pittsburgh Pennsylvania; actor (All in the Family, Andy Griffith Show). [1] February 22 Birth of Abraham "Abe" Attell boxing hall of famer. [1] February 23 Birth of Frank Cellier Surbiton England; actor (Quiet Wedding, Big Blockade). [1] Birth of Herman Courtens Belgian painter. [1] February 26 Birth of Christina A A [Dina] Koudijs-van Appeldoorn pianist/composer. [1] Birth of Hildo Krop Dutch modernistic sculptor. [1] February 29 Birth of Alfred Sendrey composer. [1] March 2 Birth of Leon Jongen composer. [1] March 10 Birth of Stuart Holmes Chicago Illinois; actor (Prisoner of Zenda). [1] March 11 Birth of Jan Lemaire Dutch writer/actor (Beautiful Juliet). [1] March 13 Birth of Emanuel Stickelberger Swiss writer (Bluthochzeit). [1] Birth of Oskar Loerke German writer (Longest Day-1926). [1] Birth of Sir Hugh S Walpole New Zealand, novelist/critic/dramatist (Jeremy, Maradick at 40). [1] March 14 Birth of Albert Egges van Giffen Dutch archaeologist. [1] Birth of Winter Haynes Watts composer. [1] March 15 Birth of Rudolf Piskacek composer. [1] March 16 Birth of Harrison Ford Kansas City Missouri, silent screen actor (Just Married, Vanity Fair, Love In High Gear , Rubber Tires). [1] March 21 Birth of George D Birkhoff US mathematician (Aesthetic measure). [1] March 23 Birth of Glauco Velasquez composer. [1] March 24 Birth of Gino Marinuzzi composer. [1] Birth of Peter Debye Holland, physical chemist (Nobel Prize 1936). [1] March 26 Birth of Wilhelm Backhaus Leipzig Germany, pianist (Rubinstein 1905). [1] April 1 Birth of Laurette Taylor [Helen LM Cooney], US actress (Broadway). [1] April 3 Birth of Jackie Matthews cricketer (Australia leg-spinner, two hat-tricks 1912). [1] April 4 Birth of Isoroku Yamamoto Admiral/supreme commander of Japanese fleet. [1] April 6 Birth of Walter Huston Toronto Ontario Canada; actor (Maltese Falcon, Treasure of Sierra Madre). [1] April 7 Birth of Charles Dodd English new testament authority. [1] Birth of Louis H N Bosch van Rosenthal Dutch politician/resistance fighter. [1] April 9 Birth of Franco Vittadini composer. [1] April 12 Birth of Otto Meyerhof Germany, psychologist/biochemist (Nobel Prize-1922). [1] April 18 Birth of Magda Janssens Flemish/Netherlands actress/acting teacher (Maria Stuart). [1] April 22 Birth of Armas Emmanuel Launis composer. [1] Birth of John van Capel oldest man in Netherlands (Died Sept 3, 1992). [1] Birth of Otto Rank [Rosenfeld] Austria, psychoanalysist (Künstler). [1] April 26 Birth of Harry Sothern actor (Dr Huer-Buck Rogers). [1] April 27 Birth of Louis de Bree [Louis C Davids] actor (Bluejackets). [1] April 30 Birth of Albert Israel Elkus composer. [1] May 1 Birth of Felipe Boero composer. [1] May 2 Birth of François de Vries Dutch economist. [1] May 5 Birth of Wang Tjing-Wei premier China (1932-35). [1] May 8 Birth of Harry S Truman Lamar Missouri, 33rd US President (Democrat) (1945-1953). [1] May 19 Birth of Arthur Meulemans Belgian composer (Adriaan Brouwer) (or 5/10). [1] May 22 Birth of Alceo Toni composer. [1] May 26 Birth of Charles Winninger Athens Wisconsin; actor (Charlie Farrell Show). [1] May 27 Birth of Bax Brod composer. [1] May 28 Birth of Edvard Benes premier/President of Czechoslovakia (1921-22, 35-48). [1] Birth of Theo(door) van Reijn Dutch sculptor/lithographer. [1] July 2 Birth of Dr Otto Böhm Prussia, scientist (helped create England Radar). [1] July 6 Birth of Harold Vanderbilt New York, America Cup (1930,34,37)/inv contract bridge. [1] July 12 Birth of Amedeo Modigliani Italy, painter/sculptor (Reclining Nude). [1] July 25 Birth of Davidson Black Canada, doctor of anatomy (identified Peking Man). [1] August 2 Birth of Rómulo Gallegos Venezuela, novelist (Doña Bárbara), president (1948). [1] August 3 Birth of Louis Gruenberg near Brest Litovsk Poland, composer (Daniel Jazz). [1] August 8 Birth of Sara Teasdale US, poet (first Pulitzer Prize-1918-"Love Songs"). [1] August 12 Birth of Frank Swinnerton England, novelist (Summer Storm, Sanctuary). [1] August 16 Birth of Hugo Gernsback sci-fi writer (1960 Hugo). [1] August 26 Birth of Earl Biggers author ("Charlie Chan" detective series). [1] August 30 Birth of Theodor Svedberg Sweden, chemist, worked with colloids (Nobel '26). [1] September 2 Birth of Frank Laubach Benton Pennsylvania, educator, taught reading through phonetics. [1] September 17 Birth of Charles Tomlinson Griffes Elmira New York, composer (White Peacock). [1] September 21 Birth of Hugh (Shorty) Ray supervisor of NFL officials, HOF member. [1] October 6 Birth of Lloyd Spooner US, marksman (Olympic-4 gold/1 silver/2 bronze-1920). [1] October 9 Birth of Martin Elmer Johnson explorer/photographer. [1] October 11 Birth of Eleanor Roosevelt first lady/crusader. [1] October 25 Birth of Eduardo Barrios Chile, novelist (The Love-Crazed Boy). [1] October 29 Birth of Bela Lugosi horror actor (Dracula, Body Snatcher). [1] November 5 Birth of James Elroy Flecker English poet/dramatist (Hassan). [1] November 20 Birth of Norman Thomas Marion Ohio, socialist (presidential candidate 1928-48). [1] December 1 Birth of Karl Schmidt[-Rottluff] German painter/sculptor (Brücke). [1] Birth of Torben Myer Copenhagen Denmark; actor (Girl Who Came Back). [1] December 2 Birth of Ruth Draper US, lecture artist [or 1989]. [1] December 5 Birth of Evert Cornelis Dutch conductor/pianist. [1] December 6 Birth of Rose Schneiderman New York State Department of Labor Secretary (1937-44). [1] December 9 Birth of Antonin Zapotocky Czechoslovakian President (Ceskoslovensky Spisouatel). [1] December 14 Birth of Regina Ullmann writer. [1] December 18 Birth of Philippe van Isacker Belgian minister. [1] December 19 Birth of Antonín Zápotocky premier/President of Czechoslovakia. [1] Birth of Ferdinando Liuzzi composer. [1] December 20 Birth of Marius HLW "Max" Blokzijl Dutch nazi collaborator/traitor. [1] December 27 Birth of Bernard van Dieren composer. [1] December 28 Birth of Joseph Pholien Belgian premier (1950-52)/communist hunter. [1] December 30 Birth of Karl Heinrich David composer. [1] Birth of Tojo Hideki Japanese Prime Minister during WWII. [1]