1822

January 2

• Birth of Rudolf Clausius in Köslin, Germany; professor of physics, formulated second law of thermodynamics, contributed to the theory of electrolysis. [1] [37]

January 4

• Birth of Joseph Jones Reynolds Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1899. [1]

January 5

• Birth of Joseph Brevard Kershaw Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1894. [1]

January 6

• Birth of Heinrich Schliemann in Neubukow, Germany; polyglot/archeologist (Troje). [1] [37]

January 7

• Birth of Lucius C M Bakker Frisian physician/author (Goethe). [1]
• Birth of Theodor Aufrecht German indologist (Rigveda's Hymns). [1]

January 8

• Birth of Alfredo Carlo Piatti composer. [1]

January 9

• Birth of John Porter Hatch volunteers Brevet Major General (Union), died in 1901. [1]

January 14

• Birth of Nicholas Mori composer. [1]

January 27

• Birth of Thomas Leiper Kane Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1883. [1]

January 28

• Birth of Alexander MacKenzie (Liberal) second Prime Minister of Canada (1873-78). [1]

January 30

• Birth of John Basil Turchin [Ivan Turchinoff], Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]

February 7

• Birth of Joaquin y Garbayo Gaztambide composer. [1]

February 8

• Birth of Maxime Du Camp France, writer/traveler (Les Buveurs de Cendres). [1]

February 9

• Birth of Charles T Stork Dutch industrialist. [1]

February 13

• Birth of Lev A Mej Russian nobleman/poet. [1]

February 15

• Birth of Theodor Uhlig composer. [1]

February 16

• Birth of Francis Galton Birmingham England, anthropologist and geneticist. [1]
• Birth of James Patton Anderson Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1872. [1]

February 22

• Birth of Adolf Kuszmaul German physician (stomach pump, Kuszmaul disease). [1]

February 27

• Birth of Eugene Gautier composer. [1]

February 28

• Birth of Matthew Duncan Ector Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1879. [1]

March 1

• Birth of Albin Francisco Schoepf Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1886. [1]
• Birth of Charles Champion Gilbert Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]

March 7

• Birth of Victor Masse composer. [1]

March 10

• Birth of Willem Roelofs Dutch painter/lithographer. [1]

March 11

• Birth of Allison Nelson Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1862. [1]

March 13

• Birth of Moritz Grave von Strachwitz German poet. [1]

March 16

• Birth of John Pope Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1892. [1]
• Birth of Rosa Bonheur French landscape painter (Buffalo Bill). [1]

March 22

• Birth of Ahmed Djevdet Pasha Turkish minister of Education/Justice. [1]
• Birth of Isaac D Fransen van de Putte Dutch premier (1866). [1]
• Birth of Seth Williams Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1866. [1]

March 29

• Birth of Joseph Quinaux Belgian painter. [1]

March 31

• Birth of Rafael Hernando composer. [1]

April 3

• Birth of Edward Everett Hale US, clergyman/author (Man without a Country). [1]

April 5

• Birth of James Nagle Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1866. [1]

April 7

• Birth of Gershom Mott Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

April 13

• Birth of Leroy Augustus Stafford Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1]
• Birth of William Stephen Walker Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1899. [1]

April 15

• Birth of Napolean Jackson Tecumseh Dana Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

April 24

• Birth of Erastus Barnard Tyler Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

April 26

• Birth of Frederick Law Olmsted architect/writer (designed Central Park). [1]
• Birth of Jan Albert van Eyken composer/organist. [1]

April 27

• Birth of [Hiram] Ulysses S[impson] Grant Point Pleasant Ohio, 18th US President (1869-77, Republican). [1]

May 10

• Birth of August Ritter von Pettenkofen painter. [1]

May 16

• Birth of Eduard Hille Dutch composer/conductor. [1]

May 20

• Birth of Emile Erckmann [E-Chatrian] French writer (Waterloo). [1]
• Birth of Frédéric Passy French economist/pacifist; co-winner of first Nobel Peace Prize (1901). [1]

May 21

• Birth of Dabney Herndon Maury Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1900. [1]
• Birth of Mosby Monroe Parsons Brigadier General (Confederate Army) died in 1865. [1]

May 26

• Birth of E de Goncourt writer. [1]

May 27

• Birth of Henry Wylde composer. [1]
• Birth of Josef Joachim Raff composer. [1]

July 22

• Birth of Gregor Mendel; monk/geneticist, discoverer of the laws of heredity. [1] (July 20 [5])

September 16

• Birth of Charles S Crocker President of Central and South Pacific Railroad. [1]

September 22

• Birth of Brigadier General Eppa Hunton fought in most ANV campaigns. [1]

October 4

• Birth of Rutherford B Hayes (Republican) 19th president (1877-81). [1]

December 3

• Birth of Charles Adam Heckman Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1896. [1]

December 4

• Birth of Frances Crabbe England, feminist founded Anti-Vivisection Society. [1]

December 6

• Birth of John Eberhard built first large-scale pencil factory in US. [1]

December 8

• Birth of Luther Prentice Bradley Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1910. [1]

December 10

• Birth of César Franck Liège Belgium, composer (Rébecca). [1]
• Birth of Thomas Casimer Devin Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1878. [1]

December 15

• Birth of Edward Stephen composer. [1]

December 16

• Birth of Charles Edward Horsley composer. [1]

December 24

• Birth of Charles Hermite French mathematician (E is Transcendent). [1]
• Birth of Matthew Arnold England, poet/critic (Dover Beach). [1]

December 26

• Birth of Dion Boucicault Irish/Us actor/playwright (Rip van Winkle). [1]

December 27

• Birth of John Roberts composer. [1]
• Birth of Louis Pasteur Dole France, bacteriologist (pasteurization). [1]

December 28

• Birth of William Booth Taliaferro Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1898. [1]

1823

January 1

• Birth of Sándor Petöfi Kikkörös, Hungary, poet, revolutionary (Jáos Vitéz). [1]

January 3

• Birth of Jaak-Nikolaas Lemmens Flemish composer. [1]

January 4

• Birth of Otto van Rees Governor-General of Dutch-Indies (1884-88). [1]
• Birth of Peter Joseph Osterhaus Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1917. [1]

January 5

• Birth of William Rockstro composer. [1]

January 8

• Birth of Alfred Russel Wallace British zoologist/co-discoverer (evolution). [1]

January 9

• Birth of Friedrich von Esmarch in Tönning, Germany; military surgeon, professor of surgery, handbook on first aid for civilians and military, first-aid bandage on the battlefield. [37]

January 21

• Birth of Alexandre Edouard Goria composer. [1]

January 27

• Birth of Edouard-Victoire-Antoine Lalo France, composer (Symphonie Espagnole). [1]

January 29

• Birth of Franklin Gardner Major-General (Civil War-fought at Shiloh and Port Hudson). [1]

February 3

• Birth of Spencer F Baird US biologist (Wood's Hole Station). [1]

February 7

• Birth of Richard Genee composer. [1]

February 15

• Birth of Li Hung-Tshang Chinese rebel leader/viceroy of Tsheli Canton. [1]

February 16

• Birth of Brigadier General John D Imboden organized first Virginia Partisan Texas Rangers. [1]

February 27

• Birth of Ferdinand Van Derveer Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1892. [1]
• Birth of William Buel Franklin Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1903. [1]

February 28

• Birth of Ernest Renan French philosopher/historian/scholar of religion. [1]

March 3

• Birth of Guyla Andrássy Sr premier of Hungary (1867-71). [1]

March 12

• Birth of William Flank Perry Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901. [1]

March 14

• Birth of Roswell Sabine Ripley Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1887. [1]

March 16

• Birth of William Henry Monk composer. [1]

March 19

• Birth of Cornelis A van Sypesteyn Dutch Governor of Surinam (1873-82). [1]

March 20

• Birth of John Echols Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1896. [1]

March 23

• Birth of Schuyler Colfax (Republican) 17th Vice President (1869-73). [1]

March 25

• Birth of William Thompson Martin Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1910. [1]

March 27

• Birth of Samuel Kosciusko Zook Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

March 30

• Birth of Joseph Farmer Knipe Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1901. [1]

April 1

• Birth of Simon Bolivar Buckner Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), died in 1914. [1]

April 3

• Birth of William Marcy "Boss" Tweed corrupt New York City political boss. [1]

April 4

• Birth of Karl Wilhelm Siemens inventor (laid undersea cables). [1]
• Birth of Robert Byington Mitchell Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]

April 6

• Birth of Joseph Medill Saint John New Brunswick Canada, newspaper editor (Chicago Tribune). [1]

April 10

• Birth of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]

April 12

• Birth of Aleksandr Ostrovsky Russian playwright (Artists and Admirers). [1]

April 16

• Birth of Mother Joseph [Esther Pariseau] religious leader (US capital). [1]
• Birth of Orlando Bolivar Wilcox Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1907. [1]

April 22

• Birth of Alfred Gibbs Major General (Union Army), died in 1868. [1]

April 23

• Birth of Abdül-Medjid 31st sultan of Turkey (1839-61). [1]

April 30

• Birth of George JD Campbell Scottish/British Minister to Indies (1868-74/80-85). [1]

May 5

• Birth of James Allen Hardie Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1876. [1]

May 10

• Birth of John Sherman MC (Union), died in 1900. [1]

May 11

• Birth of Alfred Stevens Belgian painter. [1]

May 17

• Birth of Charlotte Helen Sainton-Dolby contralto/composer. [1]

May 27

• Birth of John Gray Foster Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1874. [1]

June 5

• Birth of George Thorndike Angell Massachusetts, lawyer (ASPCA). [1]

June 11

• Birth of James L Kemper Major General, hero at Battle of Williamsberg. [1]

August 4

• Birth of Oliver Perry Morton (Governor-Ind). [1]

August 11

• Birth of Charlotte Mary Yonge England, writer (Heir of Redclyffe). [1]

September 16

• Birth of Francis Parkman American historian/author (Oregon Trail). [1]

October 20

• Birth of Thomas Hughes England, author (Tom Brown's School Days). [1]

December 1

• Birth of Ernest Reyer composer. [1]

December 7

• Birth of Leopold Kronecker German mathematician (Tensor of Kronecker). [1]

December 10

• Birth of Wilhelm Kuhe composer. [1]

December 11

• Birth of Yury Nikolayevich Golitsin composer. [1]

December 15

• Birth of Friedrich Gottlieb Schwencke composer. [1]

December 21

• Birth of Jean Henri Fabre France, entomologist (insects and spiders). [1]

December 23

• Birth of Alexandru Flechtenmacher composer. [1]

December 25

• Birth of Preston Smith Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1863. [1]

December 28

• Birth of Thomas Alexander Scott Assistant Secretary War (Union), died in 1881. [1]

1824

January 7

• Birth of James Morrison Hawes Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1889. [1]

January 8

• Birth of Per August Olander composer. [1]
• Birth of William Wilkie Collins English novelist (The Woman in White, The Moonstone). [1]

January 13

• Birth of Ignacy Marceli Komorowski composer. [1]

January 21

• Birth of Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson Lieutenant-General second Corps (ANV, Confederacy). [1]

January 22

• Birth of Josef Leopold Zvonar composer. [1]

January 27

• Birth of Jozef Israëls Dutch painter. [1]

January 29

• Birth of Karl von Perfall composer. [1]

February 3

• Birth of George Thomas "Tige" Anderson Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
• Birth of Nathan George "Shanks" Evans Brigadier General (Confederacy), died in 1868. [1]

February 7

• Birth of William Higgins discovered nature of spiral "nebulae". [1]

February 8

• Birth of Barnard Elliot Bee Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1861. [1]

February 10

• Birth of Samuel Plimsoll Bristol England, inventor (Plimsoll line for ships). [1]

February 12

• Birth of Arya Samaj Maha Rishi Dayanand Sarsvati Indian Hindu leader. [1]

February 14

• Birth of Winfield Scott Hancock Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1886. [1]

February 17

• Birth of William Farrar "Baldy" Smith Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1903. [1]

February 19

• Birth of Constantine D Uschinsky Russian educator. [1]

February 23

• Birth of Herman N van der Tuuk Dutch philologist (Tobasch' Grammar). [1]
• Birth of Lewis Cass Hunt Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1886. [1]

February 24

• Birth of John Crawford Vaughn Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1875. [1]

February 26

• Birth of Carlos Calvo Argentine diplomat/people rights scholar (Calvo Clause). [1]

February 28

• Birth of Charles Blondin France, acrobat/aerialist. [1]
• Birth of John Creed Moore Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1910. [1]

March 2

• Birth of Bedrich Friedrich Smetana Bohemian composer (Bartered Bride, Moldau). [1]
• Birth of Constantine D Uschinsky Russian theorist. [1]
• Birth of Henry Beebee Carrington Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1912. [1]

March 5

• Birth of Elisha Harris US, physician/found American Public Health Association. [1]
• Birth of James Merritt Ives lithographer (Currier and Ives). [1]

March 9

• Birth of Leland Stanford (Governor/Senator)/found Stanford University. [1]

March 10

• Birth of Major General Thomas J Churchill Confederate Army/Fought at Wilson's Creek, Red River. [1]

March 12

• Birth of Gustav R Kirchoff Prussia, physicist (spectral analysis). [1]

March 15

• Birth of Branko Radicevic Serbian poet (first Serbian Uprising). [1]

March 22

• Birth of William Henry Chase Whiting Major General (Confederate Army). [1]

March 30

• Birth of Innis Newton Palmer Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

April 5

• Birth of Sydney Thompson Dobell poet (The Roman). [1]

April 20

• Birth of Alfred Holt Colquitt Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1894. [1]

April 21

• Birth of Anselmo Clave composer. [1]

April 24

• Birth of Fournier Swiss/French postage stamp forger. [1]

April 25

• Birth of Gustave-Rodolphe-Clarence Boulanger painter. [1]

April 27

• Birth of William Richard Bexfield composer. [1]

May 8

• Birth of William Walker filibuster/President of Nicaragua (1856-57). [1]

May 9

• Birth of William Edmonson "Grumble" Jones Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]

May 10

• Birth of Charles Henry Van Wyck Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1895. [1]

May 16

• Birth of Edmund Kirby-Smith Florida, West Point graduate/educator/General (Confederate Army). [1]
• Birth of Levi Parsons Morton (Republican) 22nd US Vice President (1889-93). [1]

May 23

• Birth of Ambrose Everett Burnside Major General (Union volunteers). [1]

May 29

• Birth of Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox Major General (Confederate Army). [1]

June 26

• Birth of William Thomson Lord Kelvin, engineer/mathematician/physicist. [1] [5]

June 28

• Birth of Paul Broca France, brain surgeon/anthro (located speech center). [1]

July 27

• Birth of Alexandre Dumas fils France, playwright/novelist (Camille). [1]

September 4

• Birth of Anton Bruckner Austria, Wagner disciple and monumental bore. [1]
• Birth of Phoebe Cary Cincinnati, American poet (Poems of Alice and Phoebe Cary). [1]

September 28

• Birth of Francis Turner Palgrave Eng, poet (Golden Treasury)/prof (Oxford). [1]

October 6

• Birth of Henry Chadwick baseball pioneer, developed first rule book. [1]

December 5

• Birth of Titian James Coffey Attorney General (Union), died in 1867. [1]

December 10

• Birth of George MacDonald Scotland, sci-fi author (Lilith, Princess and Curdie). [1]

December 14

• Birth of Pierre C Puvis de Chavannes French painter (Panthéon). [1]

December 17

• Birth of John Kerr System physicist (electro-visually Kerr-effect). [1]
• Birth of Manning Ferguson Force Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1899. [1]
• Birth of Thomas Starr King New York City, New York, Unitarian clergyman (Christianity and Humanity). [1]

December 19

• Birth of Hercules Robinson Ireland, South Africa Commissioner (1880-89, 1895-97). [1]

December 24

• Birth of Peter Cornelius composer. [1]

December 26

• Birth of Augustus Louis Chetlain Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1914. [1]