- January 27
- Birth of Samuel Gompers; first president of American Federation of Labor. [1]
- January 29
- Birth of Lawrence Hargrave in Greenwich, England; engineer, explorer, inventor (box kite (1893)), aeronautical engineer. [1] [1615.10]
- February 12
- Birth of Amaat Vyncke; Flemish missionary (Flemish Flag). [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Octave Mirbeau in France; writer (Journal of a Lady's Maid). [1]
- February 22
- Birth of Isaac L Rice; namesake of Columbia University's Rice stadium. [1]
- February 28
- Birth of Hermann Schell; German theologist/philosopher (Gott und Geist). [1]
- March 7
- Birth of Tomás G Masaryk; Father/President of Czechoslovakia (1918-35). [1]
- March 10
- Birth of Mary Mills Patrick; US first president of Istanbul Women's College. [1]
- March 26
- Birth of Edward Bellamy; author (Looking Backward). [1]
- April 8
- Birth of William Henry Welch; US pathologist, founded John Hopkins. [1]
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- April 16
- Birth of Herbert Baxter Adams; US historian (American Historical Association). [1]
- April 19
- Birth of Theo Mann-Bouwmeester; Dutch actress (Pink Bernd, Hedda Gabler). [1]
- April 20
- Birth of Daniel Chester; French/American sculptor (The Minute Man). [1]
- May 10
- Birth of Thomas Johnstone Lipton in Glasgow, Scotland; yachtsman/tea magnate (Lipton Tea). [1]
- May 18
- Birth of Oliver Heaviside; physicist, predicted existence of ionosphere. [1]
- May 21
- Birth of Giuseppe Mercalli in Milan, Italy; volcanologist and seismologist, inventor of the Mercalli Intensity Scale (1902). [53]
- May 26
- Birth of Christine [Elizabeth C] Poolman; Dutch actress (Stupid force). [1]
- June 6
- Birth of Karl F Braun; codeveloped wireless telegraphy (Nobel Prize 1909). [1]
- June 24
- Birth of Horatio Herbert Kitchener in England; original Order of Merit member. [1]
- June 27
- Birth of Ivan Vazov in Bulgaria; poet/novelist/playwright (Under the Yoke). [1]
- Birth of Lafcadio Hearn; US journalist/author (Chita). [1]
- July 15
- Birth of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini [Mother Cabrini]; first US saint. [1]
- August 5
- Birth of Guy de Maupassant in France; author (Boule de Suif). [1]
- August 26
- Birth of Charles Richet; French physiologist (anaphylaxis-Nobel Prize 1913). [1]
- September 2
- Birth of Albert Spaulding; baseball player/founded Spaulding sports company. [1]
- Birth of Eugene Field; author/journalist (Little Boy Blue). [1]
- September 9
- Birth of Harishchandra in India; poet/dramatist/father of modern Hindi. [1]
- September 17
- Birth of Abílio Manuel Guerra Junqueiro; Portuguese poet (The Simple Ones). [1]
- October 4
- Birth of John W McGraw; American politician (Republican), Governor of Washington State (1893-97). [1]
- November 9
- Birth of Lewis Lewin; German toxicologist/father of psychopharmacology. [1]
- November 13
- Birth of Robert Louis Stevenson in Scotland; author (Treasure Island). [1] [5] [559.66]
- December 16
- Birth of Fred Morley; cricket player (legendary Notts and England bowler 1880-83). [1]
- December 30
- Birth of John Milne in Liverpool, England; organized a seismic survey of Japan, recognized the importance of improving the seismogram, hypothesized that it should be possible to detect seismic waves from a large earthquake occurring anywhere on Earth, designed several types of seismometers. [53]
1851
- January 8
- Birth of Gérard Leman; Belgian count/General. [1]
- January 9
- Birth of Luis Coloma; Spanish jesuit/writer/theologian (Pequeñeces, Boy). [1]
- January 19
- Birth of David Starr Jordan in New York, USA; biologist/university president (Leland Stanford). [1]
- January 25
- Birth of Arne Garborg; Norwegian playwright (Bondestudentar). [1]
- Birth of Jan Blockx in Belgium; opera composer (Sea Bride princess of Herberg). [1]
- January 27
- Birth of Rafael Obligado in Argentina; writer (Santos Vega). [1]
- February 3
- Birth of Johannes B van Heutsz; Lieutenant-General/Governor-General Dutch East Indies. [1]
- Birth of Lord Harris; cricket player (four Tests for England MCC big-wig). [1]
- March 19
- Birth of Roque Sáenz Peña; President of Argentina (1910-14). [1]
- March 27
- Birth of Paul-Marie-Theodore-Vincent d'Indy in Paris, France; composer (Symphonie Cévenole). [1]
- April 9
- Birth of C E Arthur Wichmann; German/Dutch geologist (Netherlands Indies). [1]
- April 24
- Birth of Eduardo Acevedo Díaz; Uruguaian writer (Ismael, Grito de Gloria). [1]
- April 30
- Birth of Indrið Einarsson; Iceland playwright (Nyjársnóttin). [1]
- May 1
- Birth of Eberhard Nestle; German oriëntalist/biblical scholar. [1]
- May 20
- Birth of Emile Berliner in Germany; inventor (flat phonograph record). [1] [5]
- May 28
- Birth of Dick Barlow; cricket player (immortal England all-rounder of 1880s). [1]
- May 29
- Birth of Léon Bourgeois; French premier (1895-96, Nobel Prize 1920). [1]
- June 21
- Birth of Daniel Carter Beard in the USA; organized first boy scout troop. [1]
- July 7
- Birth of Lillien Jane Martin; psychologist, founded gerontology clinic. [1]
- September 13
- Birth of Walter Reed; US Army Surgeon, proved mosquitoes transmit yellow fever. [1]
- October 2
- Birth of Ferdinand Foch; believed to be responsible for Allies winning WW I. [1]
- October 16
- Birth of James Ten Eyck; champion rower/coach (Ten Eyck Trophy namesake). [1]
- November 6
- Birth of Charles H Dow; co-founder of Dow Jones/first editor of Wall Steet Journal. [1]
- November 10
- Birth of Waldemar Brígger in Norway; geologist/mineralogist (Metamict State). [1]
- December 10
- Birth of Melvil[le Louis K] Dewey; created Dewey Decimal System for libraries. [1]
- December 16
- Birth of Theodoor H de Meester; Dutch premier (1905-08). [1]
- December 30
- Birth of Asa Griggs Candler; developed Coca-Cola. [1]
1852
- January 11
- Birth of Konstantin Fehrenbach in Wellendingen, Germany; member of the Catholic Center Party, president of the Reichstag in 1918, chancellor of the Weimar Republic 1920-21. [1] [37]
- January 12
- Birth of Joseph J C Joffre; French field marshal (Indo-China, Marne). [1]
- January 26
- Birth of Pierre Brazza; explorer/colonial administrator (French Africa). [1]
- January 29
- Birth of Ion Luca Caragiale; Romanian actor/playwright (O Noapte Furtunoasa). [1]
- February 2
- Birth of Hâmid Abdülhak in Istanbul; Turkish romantic poet/playwright. [1]
- Birth of Teunis Stoel; actor/director (Small Theater, Rotterdam). [1]
- Birth of José Guadalupe Posada in Aguascalientes, Mexico; artist (calaveras skeletons). [1443.27]
- February 12
- Birth of Hendrik Blink; geographer (Van de Eems tot de Schelde). [1]
- February 13
- Birth of Johan L E Dreyer; Danish astronomer (New generation catalogue of nebulae). [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Charles Taze Russell; founded Jehovah's Witnesses. [1]
- Birth of William Scarborough in Macon, Georgia, USA; linguist/author (Birds of Aristophanes). [1]
- February 20
- Birth of Nikolai Garin [Michailovski]; Russian author (Tjoma Kartashov). [1]
- February 21
- Birth of [James] Burner Matthews; US playwright/critic (New York Times). [1]
- February 22
- Birth of Pieter K Pel; internist (Pel-Ebstein fever). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of George A Moore in Ireland; painter/novelist (Esther Waters). [1]
- April 1
- Birth of Edward Austin Abbey; US painter (Quest of the Holy Grail). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Frank W Woolworth; 5- and 10-cent King (Woolworths department store). [1]
- April 23
- Birth of Edwin Markham; US poet (first winner of American Academy of Poets Award 1937). [1]
- May 1
- Birth of Calamity [Martha] Jane [Burke]; US frontier adventurer/Indian fighter (dies 1903). [1] [5]
- May 11
- Birth of Charles Warren Fairbanks; 26th US Vice President (Republican 1905-09). [1]
- May 25
- Birth of Louis Franchet d'Espèrey AKA Desperate Frankey; French marshal (WWI). [1]
- May 27
- Birth of Billy Barnes; cricket player (England all-rounder 1880-90). [1]
- June 25
- Birth of Antonio Gaudí; Spanish architect (Sagrada Familia, in Barcelona). [1]
- August 30
- Birth of Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff in Netherlands; physical chemist (Nobel Prize 1901). [1]
- September 12
- Birth of H. H. Asquith; British Prime Minister (Liberal, 1908-16). [1]
- September 23
- Birth of William Stewart Halsted; established first US surgical school. [1]
- September 28
- Birth of Henri Moissan in France; chemist, isolated fluorine (Nobel Prize 1906). [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Antoine Henri Becquerel; discovered radioactivity (Nobel Prize 1903). [1]
- Birth of Tewfik Pasja; khedive (viceroy) of Egypt. [1]
- December 19
- Birth of A[lbert] A Michelson in Strelno, Prussia; US physicist (Nobel Prize 1907). [1]
1853
- January 11
- Birth of Gustav Falke in Luebeck, Germany; author/poet (Der Mann im Nebel). [1] [37]
- January 12
- Birth of Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro; Italian mathematician (tensor analysis). [1]
- January 16
- Birth of André Michelin in France; industrialist/tire manufacturer (Michelin). [1]
- Birth of Johnston Forbes-Robertson; English actor/theater director (Kathleen). [1]
- January 17
- Birth of Alva Vanderbilt Beaumont; women's rights advocate and activist. [1]
- January 30
- Birth of Leland Hone; cricket player (England keeper 1879 without county experience). [1]
- February 9
- Birth of Leander Starr Jameson; Prime Minister of South African Cape colony. [1]
- February 14
- Birth of Jan van Rijswijck; Flemish journalist/mayor (Antwerp). [1]
- February 17
- Birth of Jaroslav Vrchlicky [Emil Frída]; Czechoslovakian poet (One night on Karlstein). [1]
- February 18
- Birth of August Belmont Junior; breeder (Man 'O War)/founder (New York Jockey Club). [1]
- March 5
- Birth of Arthur W Foote in Salem, Massachusetts, USA; organist/composer (Suite for Strings in E). [1]
- Birth of Howard Pyle; illustrator/painter/author (King Stork). [1]
- March 8
- Birth of Edward Hubertus Joannes Keurvels; Flemish composer (Parisina). [1]
- March 20
- Birth of George Godfrey in Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA; heavyweight boxer (Old Chocolate). [1]
- March 28
- Birth of Rudolf Kittel; German theologist (Psalms). [1]
- March 30
- Birth of Vincent Willem van Gogh in the Netherlands; artist (The Potato Eaters, Starry Night, Irises). [1] [129]
- April 22
- Birth of Alphonse Bertillon in France; anthropologist, devised crime ID system. [1]
- May 2
- Birth of Marie Verstraete; actress (Louise - Frou Frou). [1]
- July 5
- Birth of Cecil John Rhodes in South Africa; politician, diamond merchant. [1]
- July 18
- Birth of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz in Holland; physicist (Nobel Prize 1902). [1]
- July 23
- Birth of William H Gillette; actor, portrayed Sherlock Holmes on stage. [1]
- September 2
- Birth of Wilhelm Ostwald in Germany; physical chemist (Nobel Prize 1909). [1]
- September 9
- Birth of Frederick R Spofforth in Australia; cricket player (Demon). [1]
- November 1
- Birth of Jose Santos Zelaya; ruler of Nicaragua (Liberal, 1893-1910). [1]
- December 9
- Birth of Charles "Old Hoss" Radbourn in Rochester, New York, USA; pitcher (60-12 in 1884). [1]
- December 14
- Birth of Salvador Diaz Miron; Mexican poet (Los Cien Mejores Poemas). [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Jean B A Kessler; director of oil on Dutch Indies. [1]
- December 17
- Birth of Herbert Beerbohm Tree in England; actor/theater manager (Trilby). [1]
- December 21
- Birth of Isolde Kurz; German writer/poetess (Meine Mutter). [1]
1854
- January 1
- Birth of James Frazer in Great Britain; anthropologist/author (The Golden Bough). [1]
- January 18
- Birth of Thomas A Watson; inventor assistant (Telephone) (dies 1934). [1] [5]
- February 9
- Birth of Edward Carson, first Baron Carson; lawyer/leader (Irish Unionist Party). [1]
- February 20
- Birth of Louis F M van Westerhoven; actor/singer/opera director (Youth). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of Franz Courtens; Flemish painter (Golden Rain). [1]
- March 8
- Birth of Tom Felix Horan; cricket player (Ireland Pioneering Australia all-rounder). [1]
- March 14
- Birth of Paul Ehrlich in Upper Silesia; bacteriologist (Nobel Prize-1908). [1]
- Birth of Thomas Riley Marshall; American politician (Democrat) 28th Vice President (1913-21). [1]
- March 21
- Birth of Alick A C Bannerman; cricket player (brother of Charles, Australia 1878-1893). [1]
- March 23
- Birth of Alfred Milner in Giessen, Hesse-Darmstadt; British Governor (Cape colony). [1]
- March 27
- Birth of Edgar Tinel; Flemish composer (Le Chant Grégorien). [1]
- March 31
- Birth of Dugald Clerk; inventor (2-stroke motorcycle engine). [1]
- April 11
- Birth of Hugh Massie; cricket player (Australian batsman of the 1880s). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Richard T Ely; US economist (Hard Times). [1]
- April 22
- Birth of Henri-Marie Lafontaine in Belgium; international lawyer (Nobel Prize 1913). [1]
- April 29
- Birth of Henri Poincaré in France; mathematician/astronomer/philosopher. [1]
- May 11
- Birth of John Blackham; cricket player (Australia's first wicketkeeper). [1]
- Birth of Ottmar Mergenthaler in Hachtel, Germany; inventor (linotype). [1]
- May 13
- Birth of Louis H Chrispijn; Dutch director (Lost and Found, Silvia Silombra). [1]
- May 18
- Birth of Bernard Zweers; Dutch composer (To My Fatherland). [1]
- May 24
- Birth of Louis Mountbatten; Admiral (WWI). [1]
- May 27
- Birth of Georges Eekhoud; Belgian writer (Jeune Belgium). [1]
- June 26
- Birth of Robert Laird Borden; 8th Canadian Prime Minister (Conservative, 1911-20). [1]
- July 3
- Birth of Leos Janácek Hukvaldy in Moravia; composer (Foster Suite). [1]
- July 12
- Birth of George Eastman in Waterville, New York, USA; invented Kodak camera. [1]
- September 1
- Birth of Engelbert Humperdinck in Germany; opera composer (Parsifal). [1]
- October 3
- Birth of William Crawford Gorgas; US Surgeon-General, helps cure yellow fever. [1]
- October 16
- Birth of Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde in Dublin, Ireland; (The Picture of Dorian Gray) (dies 1900). [1] [5]
- October 20
- Birth of Arthur Rimbaud in France; poet/adventurer (Illuminations). [1]
- November 6
- Birth of John Phillip Sousa in Washington DC, USA; march king ("Stars and Stripes Forever") (dies 1932). [1] [5]
- November 13
- Birth of George Whitefield Chadwick in Lowell, Massachusetts, USA; composer (Judi Van Winke). [1]
- November 21
- Birth of Benedict XV, 258th Roman Catholic pope (1914-22). [1]
- November 22
- Birth of G.F.C. Smillie in New York City, New York, USA; bank note engraver. [1048.1416]
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