1840

January 3

• Birth of Father Joseph Damien de Veuster Belgium, helped lepers in Hawaii. [1]

January 5

• Birth of John Doby Kennedy Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1896. [1]

January 18

• Birth of Austin Dobson England, poet/critic/biographer. [1]
• Birth of Ernst Rudorff composer. [1]

January 21

• Birth of Sophia Louisa Jex-Blake pioneer English woman physician. [1]

January 23

• Birth of Ernst Abbe Germany, physicist (Carl Zeiss Optics Company). [1]

January 28

• Birth of Édouard Vaillant French socialist politician/communard. [1]

February 2

• Birth of Louis Bourgault-Ducoudray composer. [1]

February 5

• Birth of Hiram Stevens Maxim inventor (automatic single-barrel rifle). [1]
• Birth of John Boyd Dunlop in Scotland; developer (pneumatic rubber tire). [1] [5]

February 11

• Birth of Sanuel Dana Greene Lieutenant Commander (Union Navy), died in 1884. [1]

February 13

• Birth of Georg Jacobi composer. [1]

February 22

• Birth of F August Bebel German social-democrat. [1]

February 23

• Birth of Carl Menger Austrian economist. [1]

February 25

• Birth of Alexis Hollander composer. [1]
• Birth of Otto Liebmann German philosopher (Climax of Theories). [1]

February 29

• Birth of John Philip Holland Liscannor Ireland, pioneer in submarine building. [1]

March 5

• Birth of Constance Fenimore Woolson Claremont New Hampshire, writer (Jupiter Lights). [1]

March 8

• Birth of Franco Faccio Italian composer/conductor. [1]

March 11

• Birth of Edmund Kirby Jr Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1863. [1]

March 26

• Birth of Carli Zoeller composer. [1]
• Birth of George Smith London England, assyriologist (cuneiform (script)). [1]

March 28

• Birth of Mehemed Emin Pasja German explorer/Governor (Equatoria). [1]

March 31

• Birth of John Herbert Kelly Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1]

April 2

• Birth of Émile Zola France, novelist (Nana, J'Accuse). [1]

April 11

• Birth of John Conrad Nordqvist composer. [1]

April 12

• Birth of Edmond Audran composer. [1]

April 19

• Birth of Andrea Bezzola writer. [1]

April 20

• Birth of Odilon Redon French painter/author (La nuit, Rêves). [1]

April 21

• Birth of Franz Xaver Haberl German priest/musicologist (Magister choralis). [1]

April 25

• Birth of James Dearing Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1865. [1]

April 27

• Birth of Edward Whymper first to climb Matterhorn (1865). [1]

May 2

• Birth of Theodor Herzl founded Zionist movement. [1]

May 7

• Birth of Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Votkinsk Russia, composer (The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, 1812 Overture). [1]

May 11

• Birth of Filippo Capocci composer. [1]

May 13

• Birth of Alphonse Daudet French writer (Tartarin of Tarascon). [1]

May 24

• Birth of Frederick Walker painter. [1]

May 29

• Birth of Hans Makart Austrian painter (Plague in Florenz). [1]

June 2

• Birth of Thomas Hardy England, poet/novelist (Mayor of Casterbridge). [1]

July 25

• Birth of Flora Adams Darling founded Daughters of American Revolution. [1]

August 17

• Birth of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt England, writer (Irish Land League). [1]

September 27

• Birth of Alfred Thayer Mahan US, naval officer (Influence of Sea Power). [1]
• Birth of Thomas Nast political cartoonist of late 1800s America. [1]

October 5

• Birth of John Addington Symonds British historian/writer (Probs in Greek Ethics). [1]

October 12

• Birth of Helena Modjeska Poland, Shakespearian actress (Juliet)/anti-Russian. [1]

November 12

• Birth of François Auguste René Rodin in Paris, France; sculptor (The Age of Bronze, The Thinker). [1] [246.24]

November 14

• Birth of Claude Monet in France; impressionist painter (Water Lilies) (dies 1926). [1] [5]

December 4

• Crazy Horse is born (dies 1877). [5]

December 7

• Birth of Hermann Goetz composer. [1]

December 11

• Birth of Kemal Bey Turkey, poet/author (Fatherland-1872). [1]

December 17

• Birth of Christian Frederik Emil Horneman composer. [1]

December 21

• Birth of Mehmed N Kemal Turkish journalist (Vatan). [1]

1841

January 11

• Birth of Otto von Gierke in Settin, Germany; professor of legal philosophy. [37]

January 14

• Birth of Berthe M P Morisot French painter/aquarellist. [1]

January 15

• Birth of Lord Frederick Stanley presenter of hockey's Stanley Cup. [1]

January 18

• Birth of Alexis-Emmanuel Chabrier France, composer (Le Roi Malgré Lui). [1]

January 25

• Birth of John Arbuthnot Fisher Ceylon, first Baron Fisher/admiral of the fleet. [1]

January 28

• Birth of Henry Stanley England, journalist/explorer (found Livingston in Africa). [1]
• Birth of Viktor Ernst Nessler composer. [1]

January 30

• Birth of Alfred Townsend George Civil War journalist, died in 1914. [1]

February 1

• Birth of William H H Davenport Buffalo, stage medium. [1]

February 4

• Birth of Clément Ader French inventor (first to fly a heavier-than-air craft). [1]

February 10

• Birth of Walter Parratt composer. [1]

February 12

• Birth of Gijsbert van Tienhoven Dutch mayor (Amsterdam)/foreign minister. [1]

February 18

• Birth of Samuel Prowse Warren composer. [1]

February 19

• Birth of Felipe Pedrell composer. [1]

February 25

• Birth of Pierre Auguste Renoir Limoges France, Impressionist painter/sculptor. [1]

February 26

• Birth of Evelyn Baring Earl Cromer English Consul-General (Egypt). [1]

February 27

• Birth of [Eleanor] Agnes Lee daughter of US General Robert E Lee. [1]

March 1

• Birth of Blanche Kelso Bruce Farmville Virginia, (Senator-Mississippi, 1875-1881). [1]
• Birth of Romualdo Marenco composer. [1]

March 3

• Birth of John Murray Canada oceanographer (Depths of the Ocean). [1]

March 4

• Birth of Kristian Mandrup Elster Norwegian author (And fremmed Fugl). [1]

March 7

• Birth of Olegario Víctor Andrade Argentina, poet (El nido de cóndores). [1]

March 8

• Birth of Oliver Wendell Holmes Massachusetts, 59th Supreme Court justice (1902-32). [1]

April 2

• Birth of Clément Ader French engineer. [1]

April 7

• Birth of Alfred Cogniaux Belgian botanicus. [1]
• Birth of Joseph H "Jozef" Neuhuys painter. [1]

April 25

• Birth of Pauline Lucca soprano. [1]

April 26

• Birth of Wilhelm Scherer German literature historian. [1]

May 11

• Birth of Ernst von Possart German actor/stage manager/reciter. [1]

May 15

• Birth of Giovanni Bolzoni composer. [1]

May 20

• Birth of Sara Louisa Oberholtz social reformer, anti-smoking advocate. [1]

May 21

• Birth of Joseph Parry composer. [1]

May 24

• Birth of Charles Napier Henry painter. [1]
• Birth of Tito Mattei pianist/composer. [1]

May 28

• Birth of Giovanni Sgambati composer. [1]

July 31

• Birth of George Melville polar explorer, naval engineer. [1]

August 25

• Birth of Theodor Kocher Swiss surgeon, thyroid specialist (Nobel Prize 1909). [1]

September 8

• Birth of Antonín Dvorák Nelahozeves, Czech, composer (New World Symphony). [1]

September 28

• Birth of Georges Clemenceau France, statesman/Prime Minister (defended Dreyfuss). [1]

November 9

• Birth of Edward VII king of England (1901-10). [1]

November 12

• Birth of Lord Rayleigh England, physicist/chancellor of Cambridge (1908-14). [1]

November 20

• Birth of Sir Wilfrid Laurier (Liberal) 7th Canadian Prime Minister (1896-1911). [1]

December 20

• Birth of Ferdinand-Èdouard Buisson France, educator (Nobel Peace Prize 1927). [1]

1842

January 2

• Birth of Amy G C A Bonet-Maury French reformed theologist. [1]

January 6

• Birth of Clarence King mining engineer (geologist). [1]

January 7

• Birth of Johan Lindegren composer. [1]

January 11

• Birth of William James US, psychologist/philosopher. [1]

January 12

• Birth of François Coppée French poet. [1]

January 15

• Birth of Josef Breuer in Vienna, Austria; initiated psychoanalysis which Freud later developed. [37]

January 17

• Birth of Anton G van Hamel founder (Roman Philology in Netherlands). [1]

January 22

• Birth of Charles Henri Marechal composer. [1]

February 3

• Birth of Sidney Clopton Lanier US, composer/poet (Hall of Fame). [1]

February 4

• Birth of Georg Brandes [Morris Cohen], Danish literary-historian/critic. [1]
• Birth of Vasili O Klyutshevski Russian historian. [1]

February 7

• Birth of Alexandre Ribit premier (France). [1]

February 22

• Birth of Carl Rosa Hamburg Germany, founder (Rosa opera company). [1]
• Birth of Léon Vanderkindere Belgian historian/mayor (Ukkel). [1]

February 24

• Birth of Arrigio Enrico Boito composer. [1]

February 25

• Birth of Karl May German writer (Old Shatterhand/Winnetou). [1]

February 26

• Birth of Camille Flammarion Mars researcher and popularizer of astronomy. [1]

March 7

• Birth of Anne van Diest Belgian physician/feminist. [1]

March 10

• Birth of Ina Donna Coolbrith US, poet laureate of California. [1]

March 18

• Birth of Stéphane Mallarmé French poet (L'Après-midi d'un faune). [1]

March 22

• Birth of Carl A N Rosa German violinist/composer. [1]
• Birth of Mykola Vytal'yevich Lysenko composer. [1]

March 30

• Birth of John Fiske [Edmund Fisk Green] US historian/philosopher. [1]

April 3

• Birth of Ulric Dahlgren Colonel (Union volunteers), died in 1864. [1]

April 14

• Birth of Sven August Korling composer. [1]

April 18

• Birth of Antero Tarquinio de Quental Portugal, poet (Beatrice). [1]

April 25

• Birth of Antonio Fogazzarro Italian writer/poet (Il santo/Leila). [1]

April 28

• Birth of Louis of Orleans Earl of Brazil (1870-89). [1]

April 29

• Birth of Karl Millöcker Austria conductor/composer (Beggar Student). [1]

May 5

• Birth of Johann Nepomuk Fuchs composer. [1]

May 8

• Birth of Emil C Hansen Danish physiologist. [1]

May 12

• Birth of Jules Emile Fred Massenet Montaud France, composer (Manon, Le Cid). [1]

May 13

• Birth of Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan London England, composer (Gilbert and Sullivan). [1]

June 24

• Birth of Ambrose Bierce US, satirist (Devil's Dictionary). [1]

July 24

• Birth of Ambrose Bierce Ohio, writer (Nuggets and Dust). [1]

October 28

• Birth of Anna Elizabeth Dickinson orator (Joan of Arc of the Civil War). [1]

November 12

• In Landford Grove, Essex, England, Lord Rayleigh is born. [53]

November 14

• Birth of Walter Williams claimed to be last survivor of Civil War (d 1959). [1]

December 3

• Birth of Ellen Henrietta Richards US, chemist (American Home Economics Association-first president). [1]

December 7

• Birth of Otto Ammon German anthropologist/sociologist (schedelmetingen). [1]

December 9

• Birth of Pjotr A Kopotkin Russian ruler/anarchist. [1]

December 15

• Birth of Henry Gadsby composer. [1]

December 17

• Birth of Marius Sophus Lie Norwegian mathematician (continous groups). [1]

December 22

• Birth of Jose Maria de Heredia Cuba, French sonnet poet. [1]
• Birth of Nicola d' Arienzo composer. [1]

December 28

• Birth of Calixa Lavallee composer. [1]

1843

January 1

• Birth of Nikolay Nikolayevich Lodizhensky composer. [1]

January 9

• Birth of Christiaan A Ulder Curaçao, composer (waltzes/tumbas). [1]

January 20

• Birth of Pierre-Paul Cambon French diplomat (Madrid, Constantinople, London). [1]

January 23

• Birth of Hans Heinrich XIV Hochberg composer. [1]

January 29

• Birth of William McKinley in Niles, Ohio; (Republican) 25th American President (1897-1901) (dies 1901). [1] [5]

February 19

• Birth of Adelina Patti Madrid Spain, operatic coloratura (Lucia). [1]

February 22

• Birth of Affonso de Escragnolle Taunay France/Brazil writer (Inocencia). [1]

February 24

• Birth of [Joaquim] Theófilo F Braga Portuguese poet/author/politician. [1]

March 5

• Birth of William F Sudds composer. [1]

March 6

• Birth of Artur Napoleao dos Santos composer. [1]

March 8

• Birth of Per Jonas Fredrik Vilhelm Svedbom composer. [1]

March 18

• Birth of Jules Vandenpeereboom premier of Belgium (1899). [1]

April 1

• Birth of Ludwig Enneccerus German jurist. [1]

April 4

• Birth of Hans Richter Györ (Raab/Gyoer) Hungary, conductor (Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra). [1]
• Birth of Hans Richter composer. [1]

April 8

• Birth of Asger Hamerik [Hammerich], composer. [1]

April 14

• Birth of Gustave Leon Huberti composer. [1]

April 15

• Birth of Carl Eilhardt composer. [1]
• Birth of Henry James New York City, New York, US/British writer/critic (Turn of the Screw, Bostonians). [1]

May 2

• Birth of Carl Michael Ziehrer composer. [1]
• Birth of Elijah McCoy; black inventor, granted over 50 patents including a lubricator for steam engines ("the Real McCoy") (born 1929). [5] (1844 [1])

May 6

• Birth of Grove Karl Gilbert geologist, investigated Lake Bonneville UT. [1]

May 9

• Birth of Belle Boyd spy (Confederate)/actress/lecturer. [1]

May 10

• Birth of Benito Pérez Galdós Spain, novelist (Fountain of Gold, Nazáarin). [1]
• Birth of Kaufmann Kohler reform rabbi/theologian. [1]

May 13

• Birth of Count Paul J Smet de Naeyer Belgian politician. [1]

May 21

• Birth of Louis Renault French lawyer. [1]

May 23

• Birth of Pedro Miguel Marques y Garcia composer. [1]

May 29

• Birth of Emile Pessard composer. [1]

June 7

• Birth of Susan Elizabeth Blow US, pioneered kindergarten education. [1]

June 9

• Birth of Bertha von Suttner Austria, novelist/pacifist (Nobel Prize 1905). [1]

June 15

• Birth of Edvard Grieg Bergen Norway, composer (Bewitched One). [1]

July 7

• Birth of Camillo Golgi Italy, physician, cytologist (Nobel Prize 1906). [1]

October 25

• Birth of Gleb Uspensky Russia, author (Power of the Soil). [1]

December 6

• Birth of Albert de Vriendt Flemish historical painter/etcher. [1]

December 9

• Birth of P Paul Leroy-Beaulieu French economist (Economiste Français). [1]

December 11

• Birth of Robert Koch German bacteriologist (TB, cholera, Nobel Prize 1905). [1]

December 13

• Birth of George Stephanescu composer. [1]

December 29

• Birth of Elisabeth queen of Romania/poet (Rumänische Dichtungen). [1]

1844

January 4

• Birth of Thomas H Rollinson composer. [1]

January 7

• Birth of Marie-Bernarde Soubirous [St Bernadette of Lourdes], saint/visionary. [1]

January 14

• Birth of Clara Kathleen Rogers composer. [1]

January 20

• Birth of Johan Peter Selmer composer. [1]

January 25

• Birth of Frederick E Kitziger composer. [1]

January 30

• Birth of Moritz F Freiherr von Bissing German General/Governor-General of Belgium (1914-17). [1]

February 1

• Birth of Eduard Adolf Strasburger German botanist (Angiospermen). [1]
• Birth of Granville Stanley Hall US, psychologist. [1]

February 2

• Birth of Leander Schlegel composer. [1]

February 17

• Birth of A Montgomery Ward founded mail-order business (Montgomery Ward). [1]

February 18

• Birth of Willem Maris Dutch painter (Hague School). [1]

February 20

• Birth of Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann Austria, physicist (statistical mechanics). [1]
• Birth of Mihály von Munkácsy [Michael von Lieb], Hungarian painter. [1]

February 21

• Birth of Charles-Marie Widor Lyons France, composer/professor (Paris Conservatory). [1]

February 22

• Birth of Kazamierz Julian Kratzer composer. [1]

March 2

• Birth of Hermanus J A M Schaepman clergyman/Dutch politician. [1]

March 4

• Birth of Josip Jurcic Slovenian writer (10th Brother). [1]

March 7

• Birth of Anthony Comstock New Canaan Connecticut, anti-vice crusader/philatelist. [1]

March 10

• Birth of Pablo Martin M de Sarasate y Navascuez composer (Spanish Dancing). [1]

March 14

• Birth of King Umberto I of Italy (1878-1900). [1]

March 15

• Birth of Bransby Cooper cricketer (in Dhaka Batsman in Australia's first Test). [1]

March 18

• Birth of Nicolai Andreevich Rimski-Korsakov Tikhvin Russia, composer (Flight of the Bumble Bee, Scheherazade). [1]

March 19

• Birth of Ulrika "Minna" Cant-Johnstown Finnish playwright (Kovan onnen lapsia). [1]

March 23

• Birth of Eugene Gigout composer. [1]

March 27

• Birth of Adolphus Washington Greely US, Arctic explorer, US Army General Greely was a Medal of Honor recipient, decorated by Great Britain and France to acknowledge his numerous contributions to telecommunications; General Greely was an outstanding soldier/ communicator to whom Greely Hall, Fort Huachuca, Arizona was rededicated in a bicentennial year observance on 21 June 1976. His nineteen year service as Chief Signal Officer (1887-1906) represents the longest continuous period an incumbent has occupied. [1]

March 30

• Birth of Paul M Verlaine France, lyric poet (Sagesse Bonbeur). [1]

March 31

• Birth of Andrew Lang Scotland, author (The Blue Fairy Book). [1]

April 6

• Birth of Joseph Ludwig composer. [1]

April 16

• Birth of Anatole France writer (Thaïs, The Wickerwork Woman)/Nobel Prize 1921. [1]

May 3

• Birth of Edouard A Drumont French anti-semitic journalist. [1]
• Birth of Richard D'Oyly Carte England, opera impresario (Ivanhoe). [1]

May 8

• Birth of Hermann Gradener composer. [1]

May 9

• Birth of [Maria] Catharina Beersmans Belgian actress (Bad Herders). [1]

May 20

• Birth of Henri Julien Felix Rousseau French ambassador/painter (The Dream). [1]

May 22

• Birth of Mary Cassatt US, Impressionist painter (Woman Bathing). [1]

May 23

• Birth of 'Abdu'l-Bahá early Bahá'í leader ('Azamat 7, 1). [1]

May 28

• Birth of Leon Felix Augustin Joseph Vasseur composer. [1]

May 30

• Birth of Louis Varney composer. [1]

June 3

• Birth of Garret Augustus Hobart (Republican) 24th US Vice President (1897-99). [1]

July 22

• Birth of Rev William Archibald Spooner London, invented "spoonerisms". [1]

July 28

• Birth of Gerard Manley Hopkins England, poet (The Windhover). [1]

August 17

• Birth of Menelik II King of Ethiopia (1896-1913). [1]

August 19

• Birth of Minna Canth Finland, novelist/dramatist (social evils). [1]

October 3

• Birth of Sir Patrick Manson "Father of tropical medicine". [1]

October 11

• Birth of Henry John Heinz founded prepared-foods company (57 varieties). [1]

October 12

• Birth of George W Cable American writer (Northampton Years). [1]

October 15

• Birth of Friedrich Nietzsche Germany, philosopher/anti-semite (Übermensch). [1]

October 22

• Louis Riel is born in St. Boniface, Assiniboia, Canada; member of Parliament 1873-74, president of Council of Assiniboia, Métis leader of Red River Uprising 1869-70 and Northwest Rebellion 1885. [1] [271.556]

October 23

• Birth of Robert Bridges poet laureate of England (The Testament of Beauty). [1]

October 27

• Birth of Klas Arnoldson Sweden, politician/pacifist (Nobel Prize 1908). [1]

November 10

• Birth of Sir John SD Thompson (Conservative), fourth Prime Minister of Canada (1892-94). [1]

December 1

• Birth of Alexandra Danish princess/Queen of Great Britain/Ireland. [1]
• Birth of Alfred Cellier composer. [1]

December 5

• Birth of John Frederick Bridge composer. [1]

December 18

• Birth of Lujo [Ludwig J von] Brentano German economist. [1]

December 22

• Birth of Izydor Lotto composer. [1]