- February 14
- Birth of Cecil De Vere; first official British chess champion (1866). [1]
- February 15
- Birth of Elihu Root; US Secretary of State (1905-09), Nobel Peace Prize (1912). [1]
- March 3
- Birth of Georg Cantor; German mathematician (discovers transfinite numbers). [1]
- March 10
- Birth of Alexander III [Romanov] in Saint Petersburg; Russian tsar (1881-94). [1]
- March 27
- Birth of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in Germany; discovered X-rays (Nobel Prize 1901). [1]
- April 5
- Birth of Jules M Cambon; French Governor-General of Algeria/ambassador. [1]
- April 15
- Birth of Dave Gregory; cricket player (Australia's first Test captain). [1]
- April 17
- Birth of Isabel Barrows; US editor/penologist (Conference on Negro Question). [1]
- April 24
- Birth of Carl Spitteler in Switzerland; poet (Prometheus and Epimetheus / Nobel Prize 1919). [1]
- May 12
- Birth of Gabriel Urbain Fauré in Pamiers, France; composer (Requiem, Ballade). [1]
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- May 15
- Birth of Ilja [Elias] Metsjnikov in Russia; zoologist/bacteriologist (Nobel Prize 1908). [1]
- May 16
- Birth of Dietrich Schäfer; German historian (Deutsche Hanse). [1]
- May 25
- Birth of William Muldoon in Belfast, New York, USA; boxing commissioner (help find PAL). [1]
- May 30
- Birth of Amadeus I, duke of Aosta/king of Spain (1870-73). [1]
- August 15
- Birth of Walter Crane in England; painter/illustrator (Beauty and Beast). [1]
- August 25
- Birth of Ludwig II, mad king of Bavaria (1864-86). [1]
- October 22
- Birth of Sarah Bernhardt in France; silent film actress (Camille, Queen Elizabeth). [1]
- November 2
- Birth of John Walter Scott in London England; creator of the Scott standard catalog of world postage stamps. [1135]
- December 23
- Birth of Emmanuel-Persillier Lachapelle; doctor (founder of Notre Dame Hospital in Montréal). [1]
- Birth of Gustave Ador; union President of Austria (1919). [1]
1846
- January 1
- Birth of Nikola Pasic; Serbian nationalist/premier (1891-1926). [1]
- January 5
- Birth of Rudolf Christoph Eucken in Aurich, Germany; philosopher, awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1908. [1] [37]
- January 30
- Birth of Francis H Bradley; British philosopher (neo-idealism). [1]
- February 9
- Birth of Wilhelm Maybach; German engineer, designer of first Mercedes car. [1]
- February 26
- Birth of William F "Buffalo Bill" Cody in Davenport, Iowa, USA; killed 4000 buffalos. [1] [5]
- March 17
- Birth of Kate Greenaway in England; artist/book illustrator (Under the Window). [1]
- March 22
- Birth of Randolph Caldecott in England; illustrator (Caldecott Medal namesake). [1]
- April 28
- Birth of Johann E Backlund; Swedish astronomer (planets/asteroids). [1]
- May 4
- Birth of Emile Gallé; French glass/marble/ceramic artist (Gallé Glaze). [1]
- May 5
- Birth of Federico Chueca in Madrid, Spain; composer (La Gran Via). [1]
- Birth of Henryk Sienkiewicz in Poland; author (Quo Vadis, Nobel Prize 1905). [1]
- May 8
- Birth of Oscar Hammerstein; Germany opera/playwright (Kohinoor). [1]
- May 14
- Birth of Arnold Kerdijk; Dutch liberal politician/founder (Social Weekly newspaper). [1]
- Birth of Pieter W A Cort van de Linden; Dutch premier (1913-18). [1]
- May 17
- Birth of Edmund Bishop; English secretary of Thomas Carlyle. [1]
- May 29
- Birth of Albert György, earl Apponyi; Hungarian minister of Education. [1]
- May 30
- Birth of Peter Carl Fabergé in Russia; goldsmith/jeweler/egg maker. [1]
- June 12
- Birth of Louis Oscar Roty in Paris, France; medalist and designer (La Semeuse on 1897+ French coins, 1890s Chile coins, 1880s Haiti coins, 1875 Grand Prix de Rome winner, 1885 Knight of the Legion of Honour). [520.64]
- July 19
- Birth of Charles Edward Pickering; pioneering American spectroscopist. [1]
- October 6
- Birth of George Westinghouse; responsible for alternating current in US. [1]
- December 2
- Birth of Pierre M Waldeck-Rousseau; French Minister of Foreign affairs/premier. [1]
- December 31
- Birth of Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis; vicar/Dutch anarchist (Right for all). [1]
1847
- January 10
- Birth of Jacob Schiff in Frankfurt am Main, Germany; American railroad banker, philanthropist. [37]
- January 16
- Birth of Kálmán Mikszáth in Hungary; writer (Wonderparaplu). [1]
- February 10
- Birth of A N Hornby; cricket player (pioneering England Test batsman). [1]
- February 11
- Birth of Thomas Alva Edison in Milan, Ohio, USA; inventor of 1300 inventions (incandescent light bulb, phonograph). [1] [447.1]
- February 16
- Birth of Ludwig Philipp Scharwenka; German composer (Album polonaise). [1]
- February 25
- Birth of John Watson; Canadian philosopher (Objective Idealism). [1]
- March 3
- Birth of Alexander Graham Bell in Edinburgh, Scotland; inventor (telephone). [1]
- March 8
- Birth of Karl von Bach; German engineer (Maschinenelemente). [1]
- March 14
- Birth of Antonio de Castro Alves; Brazilian poet (Espumas Flutuantes). [1]
- March 27
- Birth of Otto Wallach in Germany; chemist (Nobel Prize 1910). [1]
- April 1
- Birth of Jules-Nicolas Crevaux; French explorer (South America). [1]
- April 10
- Birth of Joseph Pulitzer in Hungary; publisher (Saint Louis Post-Dispatch, New York World). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Cornelis Pijnacker Hordijk; Governor-General (Netherlands East-Indies). [1]
- May 7
- Birth of Archibald Primrose, Earl of Rosebery; British Prime Minister (Liberal, 1894-95). [1]
- May 11
- Birth of Godefroid Kurth; Belgian historian (La cité de Liège au moyen âge). [1]
- July 4
- Birth of James Anthony Bailey in Detroit, Michigan, USA; circus impresario (Barnum and Bailey). [1]
- September 5
- Birth of Jesse James in Missouri, USA; outlaw (dies 1882). [1] [5]
- November 2
- Birth of George Sorel; French Socialist thinker, writer (violent revolutions). [1]
- December 7
- Birth of James Deacon White in Canton, New York, USA; ball player jumped teams in 1876 (Chicago). [1]
- Birth of Solomon Schechter; US Talmudic scholar/Jewish leader. [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Heihatjirô Tôjô in Japan; admiral (Russian-Japanese war). [1]
- December 30
- Birth of John Peter Altgeld; German/US (Governor-Illinois)/pardoned Haymarket-anarchists. [1]
1848
- January 5
- Birth of Khristo Botev in Bulgaria; hero of Bulgarian revolt against Turkey, poet (dies 1876). [1] [651.22] [845]
- January 22
- Birth of Samuel Muller; Dutch historian/archivist (Middle Ages). [1]
- February 4
- Birth of François-Victor-Jean Aicard; French playwright/poet (Jeune Croyances). [1]
- February 5
- Birth of Belle Starr AKA Myra Belle Shirley; US female outlaw (wild west) (dies 1889). [1] [845]
- Birth of Joris-Karl Huysmans in France; writer (Against the Grain). [1] [845]
- February 16
- Birth of Hugo de Vries; Dutch botanist (How species emerge). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of C Grant B Allen; Canadian writer (Woman Who Did). [1]
- Birth of Johanna C P Barbiers; actress (Voddenraper of Paris). [1]
- February 25
- Birth of King William II of Württemberg (dies 1921). [845]
- February 27
- Birth of Charles Hubert H Parry in England; musicologist/composer ("Jerusalem") (dies 1918). [1] [845]
- March 1
- Birth of Augustus Saint-Gaudens; US sculptor/designer (1907 $20 gold coin). [1]
- March 18
- Birth of Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, daughter of Queen Victoria (dies 1939). [845]
- Birth of Nathaniel Herreshoff; America's Cup yacht designer. [1]
- March 19
- Birth of Wyatt Earp in Monmouth, Illinois, USA; marshall-fought in Gunfight at the OK Corral (dies 1929). [1] [5] [845]
- March 29
- Birth of Aleksei Kuropatkin; Russian General/minister of War. [1]
- March 31
- Birth of Viscount William Astor, British financier and statesman (dies 1919). [845]
- April 7
- Birth of Randall Thomas Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury (dies 1930). [845]
- April 9
- Birth of F A MacKinnon; cricket player (later the 35th Mackinnon of Mackinnon). [1]
- April 27
- Birth of King Otto of Bavaria (dies 1916). [845]
- May 23
- Birth of Helmuth J L von Moltke; German general/chief of staff (WWI). [1]
- Birth of Otto Lilienthal; German pioneer aviator (dies 1896). [1] [5] [845]
- June 7
- Birth of Paul Gaugin [Eugene Henri]; French post-impressionist painter (dies 1903). [1] [845]
- July 9
- Birth of Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma (dies 1907). [845]
- July 18
- Birth of William Gilbert Grace; Victorian England's greatest cricket player (dies 1915). [1] [845]
- July 22
- Birth of Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (dies 1914). [845]
- July 25
- Birth of Arthur James Balfour; British Prime Minister (Conservative, 1902-05) (Balfour Declaration) (dies 1930). [1] [845]
- October 17
- Birth of William "Candy" Cummings; created the curve ball. [1]
- November 8
- Birth of Gottlob Frege; German mathematician/logician (Begriffsschrift) (dies 1925). [1] [845]
- November 13
- Birth of Albert I, Prince of Monaco (dies 1922). [845]
- November 28
- Birth of Henry Lomb, German-American optician who co-founded Bausch & Lomb (dies 1908). [845]
- December 9
- Birth of Joel Chandler Harris; US journalist (created Uncle Remus stories). [1]
- December 12
- Birth of William Vanderbilt; yachtsman (donated Vanderbilt Cup). [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Edwin Howland Blashfield; decorated the dome of US Library of Congress. [1]
1849
- January 11
- Birth of Oskar Lassar; German dermatologist (bath house). [1]
- January 18
- Birth of Edmund Barton; first Prime Minister of Australia (1900-03). [1]
- January 22
- Birth of August Strindberg in Sweden; dramatist/novelist (Apologia). [1]
- February 4
- Birth of Jean Richepin; French poet/writer (Les Chansons de Gueux). [1]
- February 18
- Birth of Alexander L Kielland; Norwegian writer/politician (Garman og Worse). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Enrique José Varona; Cuban sociologist/psychologist. [1]
- April 21
- Birth of Oskar Hertwig; German embryologist, discovered fertilization. [1]
- April 24
- Birth of Joseph S Galliéni; General (Battle of Marne)/military governor (Paris). [1]
- April 25
- Birth of Felix Klein; German mathematician (Evanston Colloquium). [1]
- May 2
- Birth of Fürst Bernhard HM von Bülow; German chancellor/Prussian Prime Minister (1900-09). [1]
- May 3
- Birth of Jacob Riis in Denmark; reporter (New York Tribune, New York Evening Sun). [1]
- May 5
- Birth of Hambletonian in Chester, New York, USA; greatest standardbred horse. [1]
- May 23
- Birth of Károly earl Khuen-Héderváry; Premier of Hungary (1910-12). [1]
- July 12
- Birth of William Osler; Canadian physician/author (circulatory system). [1]
- July 22
- Birth of Emma Lazarus; poet ("The New Colossus"-base of Statue of Liberty). [1]
- September 1
- Birth of Elizabeth Harrison; US educator (National Congress of Parents and Teachers). [1]
- September 3
- Birth of Sarah Orne Jewett in Maine, USA; author (Country of the Pointed Firs). [1]
- September 14
- Birth of Ivan Pavlov in Russia; physiologist/pioneer in psychology (Pavlov's dog). [1] [5]
- September 21
- Birth of Edmund Gosse in London, England; translator/critic (Father and Son). [1]
- September 28
- Birth of Dudley Allen Sargent; US physician/educator (Harvard University gymnasium). [1]
- October 6
- Birth of Basil Zaharoff; arms dealer, "merchant of death". [1]
- October 7
- Birth of James Whitcomb Riley; US poet (The Raggedy Man). [1]
- November 5
- Birth of Rui Barbosa in Brazil; statesman/jurist/essayist/civil liberties. [1]
- November 24
- Birth of Frances Hodgson Burnett; author of children's book (My Secret Garden). [1]
- November 29
- Birth of Ambrose Fleming; inventor (diode). [1]
- December 11
- Birth of Ellen Key; Swedish theory/author/feminist (Courageous Woman). [1]
- December 19
- Birth of Henry Clay Frick in Pennsylvania, USA; built world's largest coke and steel operation. [1]
- December 21
- Birth of James Lane Allen; US writer (Kentucky Cardinal). [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Fritz Mauthner in Bohemia; German author/philosopher (skepticism). [1]
- December 26
- Birth of Samuel E "Sam" van Beem; actor (Fanfan la Tulipe). [1]
- December 28
- Birth of Herbert von Bismarck; German politician/son of Otto von Bismarck. [1]
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