1845

January 7

• Birth of Louis III last king of Bavaria (1913-18). [1]
• Birth of Paul Deusen German philosopher (Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft). [1]

January 14

• Birth of Henry C K Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th marquess of Landsdowne/Governor-General Canada. [1]

January 15

• Birth of Ella Flagg Young first woman president (National Educational Association). [1]
• Birth of Heinrich Vogl composer. [1]

January 17

• Birth of Lucas Lindeboom Dutch vicar/evangelist (Vredebond). [1]

January 22

• Birth of Jacob Verdam Dutch philologist. [1]
• Birth of Paul Vidal de la Blanche France, geographer. [1]

February 3

• Birth of Ernest von Wildenbruch German playwright (Sedan). [1]

February 14

• Birth of Cecil De Vere first official British chess champion (1866). [1]

February 15

• Birth of Elihu Root (Republican)/US Secretary of State (1905-09)/Nobel Peace Prize (1912). [1]

February 26

• Birth of Aleksander Rozycki composer. [1]
• Birth of Alexander III Saint Petersburg, Russian tsar (1881-94). [1]

March 3

• Birth of Georg Cantor German mathematician (discovers transfinite numbers). [1]

March 5

• Birth of Alfonse Hasselmans composer. [1]

March 10

• Birth of Alexander III [Romanov] Russian tsar (1881-94). [1]

March 19

• Birth of Willem H de Beaufort Dutch historian/politician. [1]

March 27

• Birth of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Germany, discovered X-rays (Nobel Prize 1901). [1]

April 5

• Birth of Jules M Cambon French Governor-General of Algeria/ambassador. [1]

April 15

• Birth of Dave Gregory cricketer (Australia's first Test captainain). [1]

April 17

• Birth of Isabel Barrows US, editor/penologist (Conference on Negro Question). [1]

April 18

• Birth of Wilhelm Gericke composer. [1]

April 24

• Birth of Carl Spitteler Switzerland, poet (Prometheus and Epimetheus/Nobel Prize 1919). [1]

May 12

• Birth of Gabriel Urbain Fauré Pamiers France, composer (Requiem, Ballade). [1]

May 15

• Birth of Ilja [Elias] Metsjnikov USSR, zoologist/bacteriologist (Nobel Prize 1908). [1]

May 16

• Birth of Dietrich Schäfer German historian (Deutsche Hanse). [1]

May 25

• Birth of William Muldoon Belfast New York, boxing commissioner (help find PAL). [1]

May 30

• Birth of Amadeus I duke of Aosta/king of Spain (1870-73). [1]

August 15

• Birth of Walter Crane England, painter/illustrator (Beauty and Beast). [1]

August 25

• Birth of Ludwig II mad king of Bavaria (1864-86). [1]

October 22

• Birth of Sarah Bernhardt France, silent film actress (Camille, Queen Elizabeth). [1]

December 23

• Birth of Emmanuel-Persillier Lachapelle doctor (founder of Notre Dame Hospital Montréal). [1]
• Birth of Gustave Ador union President of Austria (1919). [1]

December 26

• Birth of Salvatore Auteri Manzocchi composer. [1]

December 27

• Birth of Augusto de Oliviera Machado composer. [1]

December 28

• Birth of Homer Newton Bartlett composer. [1]

1846

January 1

• Birth of Nikola Pasic Serbian nationalist/premier (1891-1926). [1]

January 2

• Birth of Sandor Erkel composer. [1]

January 5

• Birth of Rudolf Christoph Eucken in Aurich, Germany; philosopher, awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1908. [1] [37]

January 8

• Birth of Albert Cahen composer. [1]
• Birth of William Wallace Gilchrist composer. [1]

January 30

• Birth of Francis H Bradley British philosopher (neo-idealism). [1]

February 9

• Birth of Wilhelm Maybach German engineer, designer of first Mercedes. [1]

February 10

• Birth of Mildred Childe "Life" Lee daughter of confederate General Robert E Lee. [1]

February 24

• Birth of Luigi Denza composer. [1]

February 26

• Birth of William F "Buffalo Bill" Cody in Davenport, Iowa; killed 4000 buffaloes. [1] [5]

February 27

• Birth of Joaquin Valverde composer. [1]

March 3

• Birth of Desiderio Pietri Italian baker/marathon runner Dorando's father. [1]

March 11

• Birth of António C G Crespo Brazilian/Portuguese poet. [1]

March 17

• Birth of Kate Greenaway England, artist/book illustrator (Under the Window). [1]

March 20

• Birth of Auguste Bender writer. [1]

March 22

• Birth of Randolph Caldecott England, illustrator (Caldecott Medal namesake). [1]

April 28

• Birth of Johann E Backlund Swedish astronomer (planets/asteroids). [1]

April 30

• Birth of Rosalie Amstein writer. [1]

May 2

• Birth of Zygmunt Noskowski composer. [1]

May 4

• Birth of Emile Gallé French glass/marble/ceramic artist (Gallé Glaze). [1]

May 5

• Birth of Federico Chueca Madrid Spain, composer (La Gran Via). [1]
• Birth of Henryk Sienkiewicz Poland, author (Quo Vadis, Nobel Prize 1905). [1]

May 8

• Birth of Oscar Hammerstein Germany, opera/playwright (Kohinoor). [1]

May 9

• Birth of Nikolay Feopemptovich Solov'yov composer. [1]

May 14

• Birth of Arnold Kerdijk Dutch liberal politician/founder (Social Weekly newspaper). [1]
• Birth of Pieter W A Cort van de Linden Dutch premier (1913-18). [1]

May 17

• Birth of Edmund Bishop English secretary of Thomas Carlyle. [1]

May 26

• Birth of Arthur Coquard composer. [1]

May 29

• Birth of Albert György earl Apponyi Hungarian minister of Education. [1]

May 30

• Birth of Peter Carl Fabergé Russia, goldsmith/jeweler/egg maker. [1]

June 23

• Birth of George Sax inventor (the saxophone). [1]

June 27

• Birth of Charles Stewart Parnell Ireland, nationalist. [1]

July 19

• Birth of Charles Edward Pickering pioneered American spectroscopist. [1]

September 4

• Birth of Daniel Burnham US, architect/built skyscrapers. [1]

October 6

• Birth of George Westinghouse responsible for alternating current in US. [1]

October 28

• Birth of Auguste Escoffier king of chefs and chef of kings. [1]

November 25

• Birth of Carry Nation scourge of barkeepers and drinkers. [1]

December 2

• Birth of Pierre M Waldeck-Rousseau French Minister of Foreign affairs/premier. [1]

December 6

• Birth of Henryk Jarecki composer. [1]

December 22

• Birth of Andreas Hallen composer. [1]
• Birth of Oscar Carré Dutch circus director. [1]

December 31

• Birth of Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis vicar/Dutch anarchist (Right for all). [1]
• Birth of Richard Kleinmichel composer. [1]

1847

January 4

• Birth of Hendrik Goeman Borgesius Dutch politician. [1]

January 10

• Birth of Jacob Schiff in Frankfurt am Main, Germany; American railroad banker, philanthropist. [37]

January 16

• Birth of Kálmán Mikszáth Hungary, writer (Wonderparaplu). [1]

January 20

• Birth of W R Pettiford Founder (Alabama Penny Savings Bank). [1]

February 2

• Birth of Jules François Blasini Curaçaos pianist/composer. [1]

February 7

• Birth of Ernst Franck German composer/conductor. [1]

February 10

• Birth of A N Hornby cricketer (pioneering England Test batsman). [1]

February 11

• Birth of Thomas Alva Edison Milan Ohio, lit up your life (held 1200 patents). [1]

February 14

• Birth of Anna Howard Shaw US, suffragette. [1]

February 15

• Birth of Robert Fuchs composer. [1]

February 16

• Birth of Ludwig Philipp Scharwenka German composer (Album polonaise). [1]

February 25

• Birth of John Watson Canada, philosopher (Objective Idealism). [1]

February 27

• Birth of Dame Ellen Alice Terry Coventry England, Shakespearian stage actress. [1]

March 3

• Birth of Alexander Graham Bell Edinburgh Scotland, inventor (telephone). [1]

March 8

• Birth of Karl von Bach German engineer (Maschinenelemente). [1]

March 14

• Birth of Antonio de Castro Alves Brazilian poet (Espumas Flutuantes). [1]

March 19

• Birth of Constantin Dimitrescu composer. [1]

March 23

• Birth of Alexandru D Xenopol Romania, historian. [1]

March 27

• Birth of Otto Wallach Germany, chemist (Nobel Prize 1910). [1]

March 31

• Birth of Jarolslaw Zielinski composer. [1]

April 1

• Birth of Gavriil Musicescu composer. [1]
• Birth of Jules-Nicolas Crevaux French explorer (South America). [1]

April 7

• Birth of J P Jacobsen writer. [1]

April 9

• Birth of Francis William Davenport composer. [1]
• Birth of Sir Francesco Paolo Tosti composer. [1]

April 10

• Birth of Charles Swinnerton Heap composer. [1]
• Birth of Joseph Pulitzer Hungary, publisher (Saint Louis Post-Dispatch, New York World). [1]

April 13

• Birth of Cornelis Pijnacker Hordijk Governor-General (Netherlands East-Indies). [1]

May 7

• Birth of Archibald Primrose Earl of Rosebery (Liberal), British Prime Minister (1894-95). [1]

May 11

• Birth of Godefroid Kurth Belgian historian (La cité de Liège au moyen âge). [1]

May 13

• Birth of Johannes Haarklou composer. [1]

May 25

• Birth of Alphonse Goovaerts composer. [1]
• Birth of John Alexander Dowie [Elijah the Restorer], US, evangelist. [1]

May 30

• Birth of Alice Sophia Stopford Green Ireland, proponent of Irish independence. [1]

June 8

• Birth of Ida Sazton McKinley first lady. [1]

June 11

• Birth of Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett leader of English women's movement. [1]

July 4

• Birth of James Anthony Bailey Detroit, circus impresario (Barnum and Bailey). [1]

September 5

• Birth of Jesse James in Missouri; outlaw (dies 1882). [1] [5]

October 1

• Birth of Annie Besant [Wood], England, philosopher/thesophist. [1]

November 2

• Birth of George Sorel French Socialist thinker, writer (violent revolutions). [1]

December 1

• Birth of Agathe Grondahl composer. [1]

December 7

• Birth of James Deacon White Canton New York, ball player jumped teams in 1876 (Chicago). [1]
• Birth of Solomon Schechter US Talmudic scholar/Jewish leader. [1]

December 16

• Birth of Augusta Mary Anne Holmes composer. [1]

December 22

• Birth of Heihatjirô Tôjô Japan, admiral (Russian-Japanese war). [1]

December 30

• Birth of John Peter Altgeld German/US (Governor-Illinois)/pardoned Haymarket-anarchists. [1]

1848

January 5

• Birth of Khristo Botev hero of Bulgarian revolt against Turkey, poet. [1]

January 21

• Birth of Henri Duparc French composer. [1]

January 22

• Birth of Samuel Muller Dutch historian/archivist (Middle Ages). [1]

February 1

• Birth of Adhémar Esmein French lawyer. [1]

February 4

• Birth of [François-Victor-]Jean Aicard French playwright/poet (Jeune Croyances). [1]

February 5

• Birth of Belle Starr [Myra Belle Shirley] US female outlaw (wild west). [1]
• Birth of Joris-Karl Huysmans France, writer (Against the Grain). [1]

February 6

• Birth of Luigi Mancinelli composer. [1]

February 16

• Birth of Hugo de Vries Dutch botanist (How species emerge). [1]

February 18

• Birth of Louis Comfort Tiffany glassmaker (stained glass windows). [1]

February 23

• Birth of Thomas Paine Westendorf composer. [1]

February 24

• Birth of C Grant B Allen Canadian writer (Woman Who Did). [1]
• Birth of Johanna C P Barbiers actress (Voddenraper of Paris). [1]

February 27

• Birth of Charles Hubert H Parry England, musicologist/composer (Jerusalem). [1]

March 1

• Birth of Augustus Saint-Gaudens US, sculptor/designer (1907 $20 gold piece). [1]

March 9

• Birth of Martin Pierre Joseph Marsick composer. [1]

March 12

• Birth of Cyrill Kistler composer. [1]

March 17

• Birth of Horace Wadham Nicholl composer. [1]

March 18

• Birth of Nathaniel Herreshoff America Cup yacht designer. [1]

March 19

• Birth of Wyatt Earp Monmouth Illinois, marshall-fought in Gunfight at the OK Corral. [1]

March 29

• Birth of Aleksei Kuropatkin Russian General/minister of War. [1]

March 31

• Birth of John Henry Roberts composer. [1]

April 9

• Birth of F A MacKinnon cricketer (later the 35th Mackinnon of Mackinnon). [1]
• Birth of Helena Lange German feminist. [1]

April 28

• Birth of Ludvig Schytte composer. [1]

May 5

• Birth of Adalbert von Goldschmidt composer. [1]

May 23

• Birth of Helmuth J L von Moltke German general/chief of staff (WWI). [1]
• Birth of Otto Lilienthal; pioneer aviator (dies 1896). [1] [5]

June 7

• Birth of Paul Gaugin [Eugene Henri], French post-impressionist painter. [1]

June 23

• Birth of Antoine Joseph Sax inventor (the saxophone). [1]

July 18

• Birth of William Gilbert Grace Victorian England's greatest cricketer. [1]

July 25

• Birth of Arthur Earl Balfour (Conservative), British Prime Minister (1902-05) (Balfour Declaration). [1]

September 29

• Birth of Caroline Ardelia Yale US, educated deaf. [1]

October 17

• Birth of William "Candy" Cummings created the curve ball. [1]

November 8

• Birth of Gottlob Frege Germany, mathematician/logician (Begriffsschrift). [1]

December 9

• Birth of Joel Chandler Harris US journalist (created Uncle Remus stories). [1]

December 12

• Birth of William Vanderbilt yachtsman (donated Vanderbilt Cup). [1]

December 15

• Birth of Edwin Howland Blashfield decorated the dome of Library of Congress. [1]

December 17

• Birth of Frederick Grant Gleason composer. [1]

December 18

• Birth of Karl Schroder composer. [1]

December 21

• Birth of Edward Everett Rice composer. [1]

December 30

• Birth of Mary Frances Allitsen composer. [1]

1849

January 11

• Birth of Oskar Lassar German dermatologist (bath house). [1]

January 18

• Birth of Sir Edmund Barton first Prime Minister of Australia (1900-03). [1]

January 22

• Birth of August Strindberg Sweden, dramatist/novelist (Apologia). [1]

February 4

• Birth of Jean Richepin French poet/writer (Les Chansons de Gueux). [1]

February 13

• Birth of Lord Randolph Churchill England, politician, Winston's father. [1]

February 17

• Birth of Selwyn Image Bodiam Sussex, painter. [1]

February 18

• Birth of Alexander L Kielland Norwegian writer/politician (Garman og Worse). [1]

March 3

• Birth of Jacques Oppenheim Dutch lawyer. [1]

March 7

• Birth of Luther Burbank Lancaster Massachusetts, horticulturist. [1]

March 16

• Birth of Reverend James E Smith; became father at age 100 with woman 64 years younger. [1]

April 13

• Birth of Enrique José Varona Cuban sociologist/psychologist. [1]

April 21

• Birth of Oskar Hertwig Germany, embryologist, discovered fertilization. [1]

April 24

• Birth of Joseph S Galliéni General (Battle of Marne)/military governor (Paris). [1]

April 25

• Birth of Felix Klein German mathematician (Evanston Colloquium). [1]

May 2

• Birth of Fürst Bernhard HM von Bülow German chancellor/Prussian Prime Minister (1900-09). [1]

May 3

• Birth of Jacob Riis Denmark, reporter (New York Tribune, New York Evening Sun). [1]

May 5

• Birth of Hambletonian Chester New York, greatest standardbred horse. [1]

May 6

• Birth of Wyatt Eaton artist. [1]

May 23

• Birth of Károly earl Khuen-Héderváry Premier of Hungary (1910-12). [1]

May 27

• Birth of "Blind" Tom Bethune pianist/composer. [1]

July 12

• Birth of Sir William Osler Canada, physician/author (circulatory system). [1]

July 22

• Birth of Emma Lazarus poet ("The New Colossus"-base of Statue of Liberty). [1]

September 1

• Birth of Elizabeth Harrison US, educator (National Congress of Parents and Teachers). [1]

September 3

• Birth of Sarah Orne Jewett Maine, author (Country of the Pointed Firs). [1]

September 14

• Birth of Ivan Pavlov in Russia; physiologist/pioneer in psychology. [1] [5]

September 21

• Birth of Sir Edmund Gosse London, translator/critic (Father and Son). [1]

September 28

• Birth of Dudley Allen Sargent US, physician/educator (Harvard University gymnasium). [1]

October 6

• Birth of Sir Basil Zaharoff arms dealer, "merchant of death". [1]

October 7

• Birth of James Whitcomb Riley US, poet (The Raggedy Man). [1]

October 16

• Birth of Geoirge Washington Williams famous African. [1]

November 5

• Birth of Rui Barbosa Brazil, statesman/jurist/essayist/civil liberties. [1]

November 24

• Birth of Frances Hodgson Burnett author of children's book (My Secret Garden). [1]

November 29

• Birth of Sir Ambrose Fleming inventor (diode). [1]

December 11

• Birth of Ellen Key Swedish theory/author/feminist (Courageous Woman). [1]

December 19

• Birth of Henry Clay Frick Pennsylvania, built world's largest coke and steel operation. [1]

December 21

• Birth of James Lane Allen US writer (Kentucky Cardinal). [1]

December 22

• Birth of Fritz Mauthner Bohemia, German author/philosopher (skepticism). [1]

December 26

• Birth of Samuel E "Sam" van Beem; actor (Fanfan la Tulipe). [1]

December 28

• Birth of Herbert von Bismarck German politician/son of Otto of Bismarck. [1]