References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 October 2.

1875 January 1 Birth of Charles Rist French economist. [1] Birth of N F Druce cricketer (5 Tests for England vs Australia 1897-98). [1] January 7 Birth of Thomas Hicks English/US marathon runner (Olympics-gold-1904). [1] January 11 Birth of Reinhold Gliere Kiev Ukraine, composer. [1] January 12 Birth of Marika Stiernstedt Swedish author (Ulla Bella). [1] January 14 Albert Schweitzer is born in Kayersberg, Elsaß, Germany; philosopher, theologian, and musician, humanitarian, Nobel Prize for Peace in 1952. [1] [37] January 21 Birth of John Lindworsky German jesuit/psychologist (Der Wille). [1] Birth of Paul E Kahle Germany, professor of oriental studies. [1] January 22 Birth of Bonifacius C de Jonge Governor (Dutch East Indies). [1] Birth of D[avid] W Griffith movie producer/director (Birth of a Nation). [1] Birth of Thomas W Ross; actor (Without Limit, Kings Row, 17, Mortal Storm). [1] January 28 Birth of Julian Antonio Carillo-Trujillo composer. [1] February 1 Birth of Eddie Pola composer (Lullabye of Broadway). [1] February 2 Birth of Annette Kolb German/French author (Small Fanfare). [1] Birth of Fritz Kreisler Vienna Austria, violinist/composer. [1] February 4 Birth of Ludwig Prandtl German Federal Republic, physicist (father of aerodynamics). [1] Birth of Raymond Moulaert composer. [1] February 7 Birth of Erkki Gustav Melartin composer. [1] Birth of Walter Courvoisier composer. [1] February 9 Birth of Sidney Hugo Nicholson composer. [1] February 11 Birth of Sara Wennerberg-Reuter composer. [1] February 13 Birth of Kanouse quintuplets Watertown Wisconsin, first quintuplets in US, born to Edna Kanouse. [1] February 18 Birth of Walter Andrae German archaeologist (Babylon, Assur). [1] February 21 Birth of Jeanne Louise Calment France, world's oldest woman (died at age 122). [1] February 23 Birth of Jozef E Stokvis journalist/Dutch Member of Parliament (SDAP). [1] February 26 Birth of Emma Dunn actress (Dr Monica, Dr Kildare's Strange Case, Hideaway). [1] Birth of Richard Wetz composer. [1] February 28 Birth of Viliam Figus composer. [1] March 2 Birth of Hans Lietzman German theologist/church historian. [1] March 4 Birth of Alberto Vaccari Italian Jesuit/old testament scholar/interpreter. [1] Birth of Enrique Larreta [E R Maza] Argentine diplomat (Gloria de Don Ramiro). [1] Birth of Suze Groeneweg first Dutch female parliament member (SDAP, 1918-37). [1] March 7 Birth of Maurice Joseph Ravel Cibourne France, composer (Boléro). [1] March 9 Birth of Martin Fallas Shaw composer. [1] March 10 Birth of Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser composer. [1] March 12 Birth of Julio Garreta composer. [1] March 13 Birth of Maria E G "Lizzy" Ansingh Dutch painter (Caught Sultane). [1] March 14 Birth of Isadore Gilbert Mudge US, librarian/author/bibliographer (Thackeray Dictionary). [1] Birth of Norman Houstoun O'Neill composer. [1] March 25 Birth of Spencer Charters Duncannon Pennsylvania; actor (3 Faces West). [1] March 26 Birth of Syngman Rhee President of South Korea (1948-60). [1] March 29 Birth of Lou Henry Hoover first lady-Herbert Hoover (1929-33). [1] Birth of Paul Rubens composer. [1] April 1 Birth of Edgar Wallace England, novelist/playwright/journalist (The Terror). [1] April 2 Birth of Walter Chrysler founded Chrysler car company. [1] April 4 Birth of Jozef Szulc composer. [1] Birth of Pierre Monteux Paris France, conductor (Boston Symphony Orchestra 1919-24). [1] Birth of Samuel S Hinds Brooklyn New York; actor (The Bribe, The Egg and I, The Great Alaskan Mystery). [1] April 8 Birth of Albert I von Saksen-Coburg king of Belgium (1909-34). [1] April 15 Birth of Klaziena "Ina" Boudier-Bakker Dutch playwright/novelist (Poverty). [1] April 24 Birth of Jeno Huszka composer. [1] April 26 Birth of Syngman Rhee Whanghai Province South Korea, President of South Korea (1948-60). [1] April 27 Birth of André Baillon Belgian/French author (Un homme si simple). [1] Birth of Freddie Fane cricketer (Hobbs' first Test opening partner). [1] Birth of Lumsden Hare Ireland; actor (Oregon Trail, Desert Fox, Young Bess). [1] May 4 Birth of Ramiro de Maeztu y Whitney Spanish writer (Don Quixote and Celestine). [1] Birth of Reggie Schwartz cricketer (first of great South African googlists). [1] May 6 Birth of William Daniel Leahy Iowa, five star Admiral/chief of staff (1949). [1] May 18 Birth of Guido Alberto Fano composer. [1] May 31 Birth of Italo Montemezzi composer. [1] June 6 Birth of Thomas Mann Germany, novelist (Magic Mountain-Nobel Prize 1929). [1] Birth of Walter Percy Chrysler found Chrysler Corp (1925). [1] June 23 Birth of Carl Milles Uppsala Sweden, fountain sculptor (Wedding of Rivers). [1] July 4 Birth of Giovanni and Giacomo Tocci Italy, siamese twins. [1] July 10 Birth of Mary McLeod Bethune South Carolina, slave/educator (Bethune-Cookman College). [1] July 15 Birth of Frank "Pop" Morgenweck basketball hall of famer (elected 1962). [1] July 17 Birth of Sir Donald Francis Tovey Eton England, musicologist. [1] July 26 Birth of Dr Carl Gustav Jung Switzerland, founded analytic psychology. [1] August 9 Birth of Albert William Ketèlbey Aston England, composer (Wonder Worker). [1] August 15 Birth of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor London, composer (Hiawatha's Wedding Feast). [1] August 26 Birth of Sir John Buchan Scotland, Governor-General of Canada/writer. [1] September 1 Birth of Edgar Rice Burroughs novelist (Tarzan, Mars Saga). [1] September 5 Birth of Napoleon "Larry" Lajoie Rhode Island, hall of fame shortstop (.426 in 1901). [1] September 16 Birth of James Cash Penney department store founder (J.C. Penney). [1] September 27 Birth of Grazia Deledda Italy, novelist (Old Man of the Mtn-Nobel Prize 1926). [1] October 29 Birth of Marie queen consort of Ferdinand I of Romania (1914-27). [1] December 2 Birth of Frank Reicher Munich Germany; actor (King Kong, Son of Kong). [1] December 3 Birth of Bernhard Lichtenberg German clergyman/antifascist. [1] December 4 Birth of Rainer Maria Rilke Germany, poet (Duino Elegies). [1] December 12 Birth of Desiderius A Stracke Flemish jesuit/literature historian. [1] Birth of Karl R G von Rundstedt German general-fieldmarshal (Normandy). [1] December 14 Birth of Dobri Khristov composer. [1] December 15 Birth of Friedrich Niggli composer. [1] December 19 Birth of Carter G Woodson New Canton Virginia, American historian (black studies). [1] December 20 Birth of T F Powys Wales, writer (Captain Patch, Goat Green). [1] December 22 Birth of Antoine Mariotte composer. [1] Birth of John P "Jan" Musch Dutch actor (Dead Water). [1] December 25 Birth of Theodor Innitzer cardinal/archbishop Vienna. [1] Birth of Walter Lees cricketer (Surrey pace bowler toured for England 1905-06). [1] 1876 January 1 Birth of Johan C Altorf sculptor (October third monument). [1] January 3 Birth of Wilhelm Pieck in Germany; founding member of the German Communist Party (KPD), co-leader of the Socialist Unity Party (SED), President of the German Democratic Republic (1949-1960). [1] [37] January 5 Konrad Adenauer is born in Cologne, Germany; Oberburgermeister of Cologne, first chancellor of the new Federal Republic of Germany (1949-1963). [1] [37] January 7 Birth of William Yeates Hurlstone composer. [1] January 9 Birth of Robert Michels in Cologne, Germany; political sociologist and economist, developed the thesis that all organizations develop into authoritarian oligarchies. [37] Birth of Hans Bethge writer. [1] January 10 Birth of Johannes W "Jan" Eisenloeffel Dutch goldsmith. [1] January 12 Birth of Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari Venice Italy, composer. [1] Birth of Jack London writer/socialist (Call of the Wild). [1] January 17 Birth of Olga Fastrova writer. [1] January 29 Birth of Carl Henrik Ludolf Nielsen composer. [1] Birth of Havergal Brian Dresden Staffordshire, composer. [1] February 4 Birth of Victor Jean Leonard Vreuls composer. [1] February 6 Birth of Wilhelm Schmidtbonn[-Schmidt] German playwright (Der Sprechende Eros). [1] February 8 Birth of Paula Modersohn-Becker German "entartet" painter. [1] February 9 Birth of Aloïs Walgrave Flemish writer/pastor (Silent hours). [1] Birth of Martin Stixrud Norway, figure skater (Olympics-bronze-1920). [1] February 16 Birth of George Macauley Trevelyan England, historian (Giuseppe Garibaldi). [1] February 20 Birth of Fyodor Akimenko composer. [1] February 21 Birth of Constantin Brancusi Romanian/French sculptor (Princesse X). [1] February 23 Birth of Agnes M Royden writer. [1] Birth of Wadi' Sabra composer. [1] February 24 Birth of Jean Poveigh composer. [1] Birth of Victor Moore Hammonton New Jersey, comedian (Ziegfeld Follies, 7 Year Itch). [1] February 25 Birth of Charles Freer art collector; endowed Freer Gallery. [1] February 26 Birth of Agustin P Justo y Rolon President of Argentina (1931-38). [1] Birth of Pauline Musters shortest known adult (58.9 cm, 1' 11.2"). [1] February 28 Birth of John Alden Carpenter Chicago Illinois, composer (Sea Drift). [1] March 2 Birth of Gösta Forsell Swedish radiologist. [1] Birth of Pius XII [Euhenio MGG Pacelli], 260th Pope (1939-58). [1] March 8 Birth of Franco Alfano Italian opera composer (Il dottore Antonio). [1] March 11 Birth of Carl Ruggles Marion Massachusetts, composer (Evocations). [1] Birth of David Wijnkoop Dutch revolutionary socialist. [1] March 16 Birth of Charles Halton Washington DC; actor (Dr Cyclops, Tugboat Annie Sails Again). [1] March 17 Birth of Frederic Ayers composer. [1] March 23 Birth of Sir Muirhead Bone Glasgow Scotland, etcher/engraver of architecture. [1] March 29 Birth of Jan Ingenhoven composer. [1] Birth of Joseph Schmidlin German church historian/antifascist. [1] March 30 Birth of Clifford Whittingham Beers US, mental hygiene pioneer. [1] April 4 Birth of Maurice de Vlaminck Paris France, Fauvist painter (Village in the Snow). [1] April 5 Birth of Viktor Patrick Vretblad composer. [1] April 14 Birth of Murray Bisset cricketer (South African wicket-keeper 1899 and 1910). [1] April 17 Birth of Ian Hay Scotland, novelist/playwright (PIp, Carrying On). [1] April 19 Birth of Hendrik Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin/king of Netherlands. [1] April 20 Birth of Gerard J Arbous actor/publicist (Prince William of Orange). [1] April 22 Birth of O E Rölvaag Norwegian-American novelist (Giants in the Earth). [1] Birth of Robert Bárány Sweden, otologist, vestibular expert (Nobel Prize 1914). [1] April 25 Birth of Ruben Marcos Campos composer. [1] April 28 Birth of Frank Cavanagh one of football's coaching greats. [1] May 3 Birth of Bert Hopkins cricketer (Australian pace bowler of the 1900's). [1] Birth of John Elicius Benedict B P Quick Carrington Dwyer cricketer (Sussex). [1] May 10 Birth of Ivan Cankar Slavs author (Hlapec Jernej-Njegova Pravica). [1] May 12 Birth of Harold grandson of English queen Victoria. [1] May 13 Birth of Raoul Laparra composer. [1] May 17 Birth of Alban Collignon Belgian sport journalist. [1] May 19 Birth of Saint-Georges de Bouchélier French author (Le Rois Sans Couronne). [1] May 20 Birth of John Owen Jones composer. [1] May 26 Birth of Jack Root boxing's first light heavyweight champion. [1] June 11 Birth of A.L. Kroeber Hoboken New Jersey, anthropologist/textbook author. [1] June 23 Birth of Irvin S Cobb Kentucky, writer/humorist (Old Judge Priest). [1] July 17 Birth of Rosa Jackson Lumpkin Georgia, lived to be 115 (died in 1991). [1] July 26 Birth of Ernest Schelling Belvidere New Jersey, composer/conductor (Victory Ball). [1] August 5 Birth of Mary R Beard Indianapolis, historian (Woman as a Force in History). [1] August 7 Birth of Mata Hari; dancer/courtesan/spy (WW I). [1] [5] August 12 Birth of Mary Roberts Rinehart mystery writer (Miss Pinkerton). [1] August 17 Birth of Eric Drummond first Secretary-General of League of Nations (1919-33). [1] August 29 Birth of Charles F Kettering Ohio, inventor (auto self-starter). [1] September 13 Birth of Sherwood Anderson Winesburg, Ohio, author/publisher (Winesburg). [1] September 15 Birth of Bruno Walter (B.W. Schlesinger), Berlin Germany, conductor (New York Phil). [1] Birth of Frank E Gannett Rochester, newspaper publisher (Gannett). [1] September 26 Birth of Edith Abbott dean University of Chicago Social Sciences. [1] October 19 Birth of Mordecai (3 finger) Brown hall of fame pitcher. [1] November 4 Birth of James Fraser designed buffalo nickel. [1] November 5 Birth of Raymond Duchamp-Villon cubist sculptor (Head of Baudeaire). [1] November 7 Birth of Culbert Olson Fillmore Utah, (Governor-Democrat-California). [1] November 8 Birth of Frank L Gillespie Ark, founded Supreme Life Insurance Company. [1] November 23 Birth of Manuel de Falla Cádiz Spain, composer (El Amor Brujo). [1] November 24 Birth of Walter Griffin US architect, city planner; designed Canberra, Austria. [1] November 26 Birth of Willis Haviland Carrier developed air-conditioning equipment. [1] December 1 Birth of Johanna W "Mina" Bakker Dutch actress (Boefje). [1] December 4 Birth of Dimitur Poljanov [Popov] Bulgaria, poet (Iron Poems). [1] December 6 Birth of Dewi Angrènie [Martha CA Giese] Flemish/Dutch actress (Champagne). [1] December 7 Birth of Ludwig Schiedermair German musicologist (Beethoven-Archiv). [1] December 11 Birth of Mieczyslaw Karlowicz composer. [1] December 15 Birth of Ferdinand Hardekopf writer. [1] December 17 Birth of Júlio Afrânio Peixoto Brazilian writer (O esfinge). [1] December 19 Birth of Carlo Gatti composer. [1] December 20 Birth of Jan Van Oudshoorn [Jan K Feylbrief] Dutch writer (Maze of Senses). [1] Birth of Walter S Adams US astronomer/director of Mount Wilson (1923-46). [1] December 22 Birth of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti Italian writer (Futurism e Futurista). [1] December 25 Birth of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah Karachi, founded Pakistan (1947)/Governor (1947-58). [1] December 29 Birth of Pablo Casals Vendrell Catalonia Spain, cellist/conductor/composer. [1]