References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1870 January 2 Ernst Barlach is born in Wedel, Germany; Expressionist sculptor and dramatist, Der Tote Tag, Der Findling, Die Sündflut. [1] [37] January 3 Birth of Henry Eichheim composer. [1] Birth of Henry Handel Richardson Australia, novelist (Richard Mahoney). [1] January 6 Birth of Gustav Bauer in Darkehmen, Germany; German chancellor when Scheidemann resigned in protest against the terms demanded by the Treaty of Versailles. [37] January 8 Birth of Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja dictator of Spain (1923-30). [1] January 9 Birth of Joseph B Strauss civil engineer/builder (Golden Gate Bridge). [1] January 13 Birth of Henryk Opienski Polish composer/conductor (Saint Moniuszko). [1] January 15 Birth of Johan Peter Koch Danish officer/explorer (Greenland). [1] January 16 Birth of Wilhelm Normann German chemist (hardening of oils). [1] January 18 Birth of Berend Modderman printer (Drukkers yearbook). [1] January 20 Birth of Guillaume Jean Joseph Nicolas Lekeu composer. [1] January 22 Birth of Charles Arnold Tournemire composer. [1] February 3 Birth of Ada Negri Italian poet/author (Il Libro di Mara). [1] February 7 Birth of Alfred Adler Austria, psychiatrist (Inferiority Complex). [1] February 10 Birth of Fritz Klimsch German sculptor/painter. [1] February 13 Birth of Leopold Godowsky Lithuania, virtuoso pianist/composer. [1] February 17 Birth of Louis de Raet Belgian economist/founder (Flemish People's Party). [1] February 20 Birth of Pieter Cornelis Boutens Holland, mystic poet/scholar (Verzen). [1] February 27 Birth of Louis Coerne composer. [1] March 5 Birth of [B] Franc[lin] Norris US, writer (McTeague, Octopus). [1] March 6 Birth of Oscar Straus Vienna Austria, composer (Ein Walzertraum). [1] March 10 Birth of Alfred Kastner composer. [1] March 20 Birth of Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck Prussian General/politician (East Africa). [1] April 4 Birth of George A Smith Salt Lake City Utah, 8th president of Mormon church. [1] April 7 Birth of Gustav Landauer German socialist. [1] Birth of Joseph Ryeland Belgian composer/Baron. [1] April 14 Birth of Syd Gregory cricketer (Australian batsman in 58 Tests 1890-1912). [1] April 17 Birth of Ray Stannard Baker US, journalist (Puliter Prize 1940). [1] April 20 Birth of Simeon Roncal composer. [1] April 22 Birth of Nikolai Lenin [Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov] Bolshevik/USSR revolutionist. [1] April 28 Birth of Hermann Suter composer. [1] April 30 Birth of Franz Lehar operetta composer (Naughty Marietta). [1] May 6 Birth of Amedos Peter Giannini San Jose California, founded Bank of America. [1] Birth of John McClutcheon cartoonist (Pulitzer Prize-1931). [1] May 14 Birth of Zygmunt Denis Antoni Stojowski composer. [1] May 24 Birth of Jan Christian Smuts proponent of Commonwealth and League of Nations. [1] May 27 Birth of Lionel Palairet cricketer (elegant England bat in the Golden Age). [1] June 17 Birth of George Cormack created "Wheaties" cereal. [1] July 3 Birth of Richard B Bennett (Conservative) 11th Canadian Prime Minister (1930-35). [1] July 24 Birth of Fred Law Olmsted Jr architect/landscaper. [1] July 27 Birth of Joseph Hilaire Belloc England, author (Path to Rome). [1] August 4 Birth of Sir Harry Lauder Scotland, comedian/singer (Roman in the Gloamin). [1] August 7 Birth of 19 kittens born to Tarawood Antigone (4 still born). [1] August 17 Birth of Frederick Russell developed first successful typhoid fever vaccine. [1] August 19 Birth of Bernard Baruch financier/presidential adviser. [1] August 31 Birth of Maria Montessori Italy, educator (spontaneous response). [1] September 18 Birth of Clark Wissler anthropologist (American Indian). [1] September 23 Birth of John Lomax Miss, folk song collector/ethnomusicologist. [1] September 24 Birth of Georges Claude inventor (neon light). [1] September 28 Birth of Florent Schmitt Blâmont France, composer (Frédégonde). [1] September 30 Birth of Jean Perrin France, physicist, studied Brownian motion (Nobel Prize 1926). [1] October 7 Birth of Uncle Dave Macon entertainer. [1] October 22 Birth of Ivan Bunin Russia, poet/novelist (Gentleman from SF-Nobel Prize 1933). [1] December 2 Birth of Francis Louis Casadesus French violinist/composer/conductor. [1] December 5 Birth of Viteslav Augustin Rudolf Novák Slovak composer (Quasi una ballata). [1] December 6 Birth of William S Hart actor, silent Westerns (Wild Bill Hickok, Tumbleweeds). [1] December 10 Birth of Adolf Loos Austria architect (building of houses). [1] Birth of Pierre Louis France, novelist/poet (Aphrodite, Woman and Puppet). [1] Birth of Rudolf W Canne Fries playwright (Der de Wier Us). [1] Birth of T R McKibbin cricketer (New South Wales and Australia off-spinner late 19th century). [1] December 14 Birth of Dirk J de Geer Dutch premier (1926-29, 39-40). [1] Birth of Karl Renner Austrian Chancellor/President (1918-20, 45-50). [1] December 15 Birth of Josef Hoffmann Austrian architect. [1] December 18 Birth of Andres Randolf Denmark; actor (The Kiss). [1] Birth of D T Suzuki Kanazawa Japan, Zen Buddhist scholar. [1] Birth of Saki (Hector Hugo Munro) Burma, author (Reginald, When William Came). [1] December 20 Birth of Pieter C Boutens Dutch poet (Voices, Carmina). [1] December 23 Birth of John Marin painter (1948 Fine Arts Medal). [1] December 24 Birth of Rosario Scalero composer. [1] December 31 Birth of Thomas Connolly baseball's major league umpire for 50 years. [1] 1871 January 5 Birth of Frederick Shepherd Converse Newton Massachusetts, composer. [1] January 9 Birth of Charles Kortright British cricket player. [1] January 10 Birth of Enrica Freiin von Handel-Manzetti Austrian author (Jesse and Maria). [1] January 12 Birth of Paul Guthnick German astronomer. [1] January 14 Birth of Pauline Beersmans [van Cuyck], Flemish actress (Hofslachter). [1] January 15 Birth of Bertram Shapleigh composer. [1] January 18 Birth of Franz Blei [Peregrinus Steinhövel], Austrian painter/critic. [1] January 22 Birth of Leon Jessel composer. [1] January 26 Birth of Warner Fabian [Samuel H Adams], US journalist/writer (Average Jones). [1] January 29 Birth of Eduardo Lopez-Chavarri y Marco composer. [1] January 30 Birth of Seymour Hicks Saint Helier Jersey; actor-manager (Scrooge). [1] Birth of Wilfred Lucas; actor (Pardon Us, Chump at Oxford). [1] February 5 Birth of Jovan Ducic Serbian poet (Blue Legends). [1] February 7 Birth of Karl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammer composer. [1] February 9 Birth of Franc S Finzgar Slovenian clergyman/writer (Our Blood). [1] Birth of Howard T Ricketts US pathologist (studied typhus fever). [1] February 25 Birth of Oliver Samuel Campbell tennis champion (US Open-1890). [1] March 5 Birth of Maria do Carmo Geronimo Brazilian lives to be at least 126. [1] March 15 Birth of Betsy van den Arend Dutch [Betje], actress (Miss Hobbs). [1] March 19 Birth of Joseph McGinnity Rock Island Illinois, baseball pitcher (New York Giants). [1] Birth of Schofield Haigh cricketer ("Sunshine of the Yorkshire 11"). [1] March 24 Birth of Sir Ernest Rutherford nuclear scientist. [1] March 25 Birth of John Gutzon Borglum sculptor (Mount Rushmore). [1] March 26 Birth of Serafín Alvarez Quintéro Spanish dramatist/playwright (El Flechazo). [1] March 27 Birth of Heinrich Mann Germany, novelist/essayist (Blue Angel); brother of Thomas. [1] Birth of Petrus J M Aalberse Dutch minister of Labor (1918-25). [1] March 28 Birth of Willem Mengelberg Utrecht Netherlands, conductor (New York Philharmonic 1922-30). [1] March 29 Birth of Tom Hayward cricketer (great England batsman of the Golden Age). [1] April 1 Birth of F Melius Christiansen composer. [1] April 3 Birth of José Juan Tablada Mexican poet (El Florilegio). [1] April 5 Birth of Jeanne Bougeois [La Mistinguette], artist (French revue). [1] April 6 Birth of Alexander grandson of England's Queen Victoria. [1] April 9 Birth of Arthur Fickenscher composer. [1] April 12 Birth of Ioannis Metaxas Greek General/dictator (1936-41). [1] April 16 Birth of John Millington Synge Ireland, dramatist/poet (Riders to the Sea). [1] Birth of Martin Lunssens composer. [1] April 18 Birth of Henry Stephenson British West Indies; actor (Conquest, Little Old New York, Mr Lucky). [1] April 20 Birth of William Henry Davies Wales, poet (Autobiography of a Super Tramp). [1] April 21 Birth of Leo Blech composer. [1] Birth of Vojtech Rihovsky composer. [1] April 25 Birth of Sara Amsel Indonesian/Dutch actress. [1] April 27 Birth of Arthur Finlay Nevin composer. [1] April 29 Birth of Louis William Stern German/US philosopher (Intelligence of Children). [1] May 4 Birth of Mynona writer. [1] May 5 Birth of Alberto Cametti composer. [1] May 6 Birth of August Reusner composer. [1] Birth of Ch Morgenstern writer. [1] May 8 Birth of [Émile M] Louis Madelin French historian (French revolutionary). [1] May 17 Birth of Henricus P Bremmer art historian (Modern Kunstwerken). [1] May 18 Birth of Franiska zu Reventlow writer. [1] May 23 Birth of Sigurd Lie composer. [1] May 26 Birth of Camille Huysmans Belgian premier (1946-47). [1] May 27 Birth of Georges-Henri Rouault Fr expressionist painter (Miserere et Guerre). [1] June 17 Birth of James Weldon Johnson lawyer, first black admitted to Florida Bar. [1] July 10 Birth of Marcel Proust in France; novelist (Remembrance of Things Past). [1] [5] July 29 Birth of [Gregory Efimovich] Rasputin the mad Russian monk. [1] August 3 Birth of Vernon Louis Parrington critic/educator/author (Pulitzer 1928). [1] August 19 Birth of Orville Wright aviator. [1] August 27 Birth of Theodore Dreiser US, novelist (Sister Carrie, American Tragedy). [1] August 30 Birth of Ernest Lord Rutherford England, physicist; discovered atomic nucleus. [1] September 12 Birth of Prince Friedrich of Liechtenstein, Romania. [1] October 2 Birth of Cordell Hull US Secretary of State (1933-44), lowered tariffs (Nobel Prize 1945). [1] October 14 Birth of Alexander von Zemlinsky Vienna Austria, composer (Der Schneeman). [1] October 30 Birth of Paul Valéry France, poet/essayist/critic (La Jeune). [1] November 1 Birth of Stephen Crane US, novelist/poet (Red Badge of Courage). [1] December 1 Birth of Archie MacLaren cricketer (424 Lancashire vs Somerset 1895). [1] December 13 Birth of Herman T Colenbrander Dutch historian. [1] Birth of Russell W Porter Vermont, explorer (Alaska). [1] December 20 Birth of Henry Kimball Hadley composer. [1] December 24 Birth of Henri Stroethoff Dutch actor (A Chique Little Boy). [1]