References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1825 January 10 Birth of Alexander Travis Hawthorn Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1899. [1] January 12 Birth of Joseph Robert Davis Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1896. [1] January 28 Birth of George Edward Pickett Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1875. [1] February 7 Birth of Crystobal Oudrid y Segura composer. [1] February 26 Birth of Hans Balatka composer. [1] February 28 Birth of Quincy Adams Gillmore Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1888. [1] March 5 Birth of John Dunovant Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1] Birth of Joseph Albert German photographer (albertotype). [1] March 8 Birth of George William Martin composer. [1] March 17 Birth of Rodolphe Bresdin French cartoonist/lithographer (Le Bon Samaritain). [1] March 20 Birth of William Nelson Rector Beall Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1] March 23 Birth of Edward Lloyd Thomas Brigadier General (Confederate Army) died in 1898. [1] March 30 Birth of Samuel Bell Maxey Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1895. [1] April 3 Birth of Adolf Rzepko composer. [1] April 5 Birth of David Rumph "Neighbor" Jones Major General (Confederate Army). [1] April 11 Birth of Ferdinand Lassalle French politician/founder (Allgemeiner). [1] April 25 Birth of Charles Ferdinand Dowd US, standardized time zones. [1] April 28 Birth of James Winning McMillan Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1] May 1 Birth of George Inness US landscape painter ("Delaware Water Gap"). [1] May 4 Birth of Thomas Henry Huxley scientist/humanist/Darwinist. [1] May 6 Birth of Joseph Bailey Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1867. [1] May 10 Birth of Rudolf Viole composer. [1] May 20 Birth of Antoinette Brown Blackwell clergy (first ordained US female minister). [1] May 21 Birth of George Lafayette Beal Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1] May 26 Birth of Felipe Gutierrez y Espinoza composer. [1] May 29 Birth of David Bell Birney Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1864. [1] June 1 Birth of John Hunt Morgan Brigadier General (Confederate cavalry commander). [1] June 5 Birth of Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry Georgia, educator (Republican-Ala, 1857-61). [1] June 7 Birth of R.D. Blackmore author (Norie). [1] August 9 Birth of Elisha Ferry (Governor-Republican-Washington, 1872-80, 1889-93). [1] September 4 Birth of Dadabhai Naoroji first Indian in British parliament. [1] September 24 Birth of Frances E.W. Harper famous African. [1] September 27 Railroad transportation is born with first track in England. [1] October 10 Birth of Paulus Kruger President of South African Republic (1883), Boer leader. [1] October 25 Birth of Johann Strauss (the younger) composer (Waltz King). [1] November 9 Birth of Ambrose P Hill Lieutenant General (Commander third Corps, ANV). [1] December 2 Birth of Pedro II van Alcantara Emperor of Brazil (1831-89). [1] December 4 Birth of Hynek Ignac Frantisek Vojacek composer. [1] December 16 Birth of Henry Heth Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1899. [1] Birth of Robert Prescott Stewart composer. [1] December 18 Birth of Charles Griffin Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1867. [1] December 19 Birth of George Frederick Bristow composer. [1] December 20 Birth of Romeyn Beck Ayres Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1888. [1] December 25 Birth of Esteban Salas y Castro composer. [1] December 27 Birth of Reinhold Finsterbusch composer. [1] December 31 Birth of Francis Trowbridge Sherman Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1905. [1] 1826 January 6 Birth of Herman Grimm Germany, writer/novelist (Ralph Waldo Emerson). [1] January 12 Birth of Charles Cruft Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1883. [1] January 15 Birth of Mikhail Saltykov Spas-Ugol Russia, radical novelist/satirist (Family of Noblemen). [1] January 22 Birth of [Merriwether] Jeff Thompson Partisan (Confederate Army), died in 1876. [1] January 25 Birth of Rembt van Boneval Faure Dutch Member of Parliament. [1] January 26 Birth of Julia Dent Grant first lady (1869-77). [1] January 27 Birth of Richard Taylor Lieutenant-General (Confederate Army), died in 1879. [1] February 3 Birth of Walter Bagehot England, economist/sociologist. [1] February 4 Birth of Halbert Eleazer Paine Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1905. [1] February 9 Birth of John Alexander Logan Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1886. [1] February 15 Birth of George J Stoney Irish physicist. [1] February 16 Birth of Franz von Holstein composer. [1] Birth of Joseph V von Scheffel German writer (Gaudeamus). [1] March 1 Birth of John Thomas composer. [1] March 4 Birth of John Buford Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1863. [1] March 9 Birth of Jean Joseph Bott German violinist/composer. [1] March 12 Birth of Robert Lowry composer. [1] March 14 Birth of William Fisk Sherwin composer. [1] March 17 Birth of Oskar Peschel German journalist/geography (Völkerkunder). [1] March 20 Birth of Carel Vosmaer Dutch art historian/poet/editor. [1] March 23 Birth of Leon Minkus composer. [1] March 29 Birth of Wilhelm Liebknecht German Member of Parliament (social-democratic). [1] April 2 Birth of Philip Dale Roddey Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1897. [1] April 4 Birth of Zénobe Théophile Gramme inventor (electric motor). [1] April 6 Birth of Gustave Moreau French painter. [1] April 7 Birth of Johann Hermann Berens composer. [1] April 9 Birth of Thomas Hewson Neill Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1885. [1] April 20 Birth of Dina M Craik writer. [1] April 28 Birth of Alexander Stadtfeld composer. [1] May 3 Birth of Charles XV Louis E King of Sweden/Norway (1859-72)/poet. [1] May 4 Birth of Frederick Church US romantic landscape painter (Hudson River School). [1] May 5 Birth of Eugénie M de Montijo y de Guzman Empress of France. [1] May 7 Birth of Varina Howell Davis first lady (Confederacy), died in 1905. [1] May 21 Birth of Danillo II ruler of Montenegro. [1] May 22 Birth of George Parr cricketer (legendary Notts batsman, first England touring captain). [1] May 29 Birth of Ebenezer Butterick inventor (tissue paper dress pattern). [1] July 4 Birth of Stephen Foster Lawrencevil, Pennsylvania, composer (Oh! Susanna, Swanee River). [1] December 1 Birth of William Mahone Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1895. [1] December 3 Birth of Edmond van der Straeten Belgian lawyer/musicologist. [1] Birth of George Brinton McClellan Major General (Union Army), died in 1885. [1] December 5 Birth of John Benjamin Sanborn Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1904. [1] December 8 Birth of Friedrich Siemens German industrialist. [1] December 18 Birth of Charles-A Chatrian [Erckmann-C] French writer (L'ami Fritz). [1] Birth of Mercer Brooke John (Confederate Navy), died in 1906. [1] December 21 Birth of Ernst Pauer composer. [1] December 22 Birth of James Scott Negley (Union volunteers Major General, died in 1901). [1] December 24 Birth of Ignacy Krzyzanowski composer. [1] December 26 Birth of Franz Coenen composer. [1] Birth of Martinus Nijhoff founder Nijhoff's book/publisher (Van Dale). [1] December 28 Birth of Conrad Busken Huet Dutch vicar/literary (Country of Rubens). [1] December 31 Birth of Henry Hiles composer. [1] 1827 January 1 Birth of William Lewis "Old Tige" Cabell Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1] January 6 Birth of John Calvin Brown Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1889. [1] Birth of John Wesley Frazer Brigadier General (Confederate Army), die in 1906. [1] January 19 Birth of Carlos Guido y Spano Argentina, conductor (Ráfagas). [1] February 1 Birth of Alphonse de Rothschild French banker. [1] February 2 Birth of Abner Monroe Perrin Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1] Birth of Oswald Aschenbach German painter. [1] February 10 Birth of Peter J Savelberg Dutch Limburgs monastery founder. [1] February 19 Birth of Charles Robert Woods Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1885. [1] February 20 Birth of Edward Stuyvesant Bragg Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1912. [1] February 22 Birth of James Barnet Fry Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1894. [1] February 24 Birth of Charles Davis Jameson Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1862. [1] February 27 Birth of Richard W Johnson Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1897. [1] March 7 Birth of Henry DeLamar Clayton Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1889. [1] March 11 Birth of Septimus Winner composer. [1] March 12 Birth of John Robert Jones Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1901. [1] Birth of William Richard Terry Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1897. [1] March 19 Birth of Alexander Shaler Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1911. [1] March 26 Birth of Emanuel Kania composer. [1] April 2 Birth of William Holdman Hunt English painter (Light of the World). [1] April 5 Birth of Joseph Lister England, physician (founded aseptic surgery). [1] April 10 Birth of Lewis Wallace Major General (Union volunteers)/lawyer/diplomat/author (Ben Hur). [1] April 12 Birth of Edward Mollenhauer composer. [1] April 15 Birth of Julius Tausch composer. [1] April 17 Birth of French C Baeckelmans Flemish architect (Saint Amanduskerk, Antwerp). [1] April 20 Birth of John Gibbon Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1896. [1] April 22 Birth of William Hopkins Morris Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1900. [1] April 23 Birth of Johann F Ritter von Schulte German Catholic lawyer. [1] April 26 Birth of Charles Edward Hovey Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1] May 7 Birth of Charles T H Coster Belgian literary (Légendes Flamandes) [or August 20]. [1] Birth of Francis Engle Patterson Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1862. [1] May 16 Birth of Petrus J H Cuypers architect (Amsterdam Museum, Central station). [1] May 29 Birth of Reuben Lindsay Walker Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1890. [1] October 16 Birth of Arnold Böcklin Switzerland, landscape/allegory painter. [1] December 16 Birth of John A C Oudemans Dutch geographer/astronomer. [1] December 23 Birth of Wilhelm Freiherr von Tegetthoff Austrian admiral (Helgoland/Lissa). [1] December 28 Birth of Robert Latimer McCook volunteers Brigadier-General (Union), died in 1862. [1] 1828 January 5 Birth of August Valentine Kautz Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1895. [1] January 17 Birth of Lewis Addison Grant Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1918. [1] January 23 Birth of Calvin Edward Pratt Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1896. [1] January 24 Birth of Adam Jacoby Slemmer Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1868. [1] Birth of Ferdinand J Cohn German botanist/publicist. [1] Birth of Karol Studzinski composer. [1] January 26 Birth of Johan T Buys Dutch lawyer. [1] January 27 Birth of Louis Schubert composer. [1] Birth of Samuel Allen Rice Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1864. [1] January 28 Birth of Michel Abeloos Flemish sculptor. [1] Birth of Thomas Carmichael Hindman Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1868. [1] February 8 Birth of Antonio Cagnoni composer. [1] Birth of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo premier of Spain. [1] Birth of Jules Verne in France; pioneer of sci-fi (From the Earth to the Moon) (dies 1905). [1] [5] February 12 Birth of George Meredith England, poet/novelist (Shaving of Shagpat). [1] Birth of Robert Ransom Jr Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1892. [1] February 15 Birth of Johan H van Dale schoolmaster (New Dutch Language Dictionary). [1] February 19 Birth of Johannes von Miquel German politician. [1] February 22 Birth of Robert Alexander Cameron Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1894. [1] February 29 Birth of Antonio Guzman Blanco President of Venezuela. [1] March 1 Birth of James Fleming Fagan Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1893. [1] Birth of Vittorio Bersezio [Carlo Nugelli] Italian playwright. [1] March 2 Birth of Jefferson Columbus Davis Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1879. [1] March 3 Birth of Karl Collan composer. [1] March 4 Birth of Elisha Franklin "Bull" Paxton Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1] March 5 Birth of Johann Gungl composer. [1] March 17 Birth of Patrick Ronayne Cleburne the "Stonewall" of the West (Major General-Confederate Army). [1] March 20 Birth of Henrik Ibsen Norway, dramatist (Peer Gynt, Hedda Gabler). [1] April 4 Birth of Margaret Oliphant Scotland, novelist/biographer (Beleaguered City). [1] April 5 Birth of Pietro Plantania composer. [1] April 6 Birth of Charles William Field Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1892. [1] April 8 Birth of George Baird Hodge Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1] April 13 Birth of Joseph B Lightfoot English theologist/bishop of Durham. [1] April 21 Birth of Hippolyte Taine French philosopher/historian (Voyage in Italy). [1] April 22 Birth of Guilherme Antonio Cossoul composer. [1] April 23 Birth of Albert king of Saxon (1873-1902). [1] April 24 Birth of Robert Brank Vance Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1899. [1] April 27 Birth of Gerben Colmjon Dutch Frisian linguist/publisher. [1] May 8 Birth of Jean Henri Dunant Switzerland, writer/founder (Red Cross (Nobel Peace Prize 1901)). [1] May 12 Birth of Gabriel Dante Rossetti England, poet/painter, Pre-Raphaelite. [1] May 13 Birth of Josephine Elizabeth Butler social reformer. [1] May 19 Birth of Adin Ballou Underwood Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1] May 20 Birth of James William Reilly Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1905. [1] May 22 Birth of Albrecht Gräfe pioneer eye surgeon; founded modern ophthalmology. [1] May 23 Birth of Edward Hitchcock America's first professor of physical ed (Amherst College). [1] May 28 Birth of Alpheus Baker Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1891. [1] Birth of Bartel Wilton machinefabrikant/ship builder. [1] September 9 Birth of Leo Tolstoy Russia, novelist (War and Peace, Anna Karenina). [1] December 8 Birth of Clinton Bowen Fisk Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1890. [1] Birth of Robert Bullock Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1905. [1] December 16 Birth of John Beatty Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1914. [1] December 23 Birth of Mathilde Wesendonk German writer/poet (Tagebuchblatter). [1] December 28 Birth of Karl L Kahlbaum German psychiatrist (katatonie). [1] December 30 Birth of Mark Perrin Lowrey Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1885. [1] 1829 January 3 Birth of John G R Acquoy theologist/church historian. [1] Birth of Konrad Duden in Germany; linguist, teacher, and publisher. [1] [37] January 6 Birth of Kanagaki Robun [Bunzo Nozaki] Japanese humorist/gesaku-author. [1] January 9 Birth of Adolf von Schlagintweit German explorer (Tarimbekken). [1] Birth of Thomas William Robertson England, playwright (Caste). [1] January 18 Birth of Louis van Haecke Flemish chaplain/author (Blood to Bridge). [1] January 21 Birth of Oscar II Frederik King of Sweden (1872-1907)/Norway (-1905)/poet. [1] January 24 Birth of William Mason composer. [1] January 30 Birth of Alfred Cummings Georgia, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1910. [1] February 1 Birth of John Potts Slough Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1867. [1] February 11 Birth of William Anderson Pile Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1889. [1] February 13 Birth of Gerard Keller writer (Netherlands Spectator). [1] February 14 Birth of Alfred Iverson Jr Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1911. [1] February 15 Birth of Silas Weir Mitchell US physician/author (Roland Blake). [1] February 18 Birth of Jean Jacques Alfred Mouton Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1] February 21 Birth of Johnson Hagood Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1898. [1] February 26 Levi Strauss is born (dies 1902). [5] March 2 Birth of Carl Schurz Major General (Union volunteers) journalist/political reformer/Civil War general. [1] March 14 Birth of Charles Charlesworth England (dies at age 7 of old age). [1] March 18 Birth of William Robertson Boggs Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1911. [1] March 20 Birth of Charles Albert White composer. [1] March 29 Birth of Ritta and Christina Siamese twins, in Sardinia. [1] Birth of Robert Emmet Rodes Major General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1] April 10 Birth of William Booth founder (Salvation Army). [1] April 15 Birth of Mary Harris Thompson first American woman surgeon. [1] April 24 Birth of George Peabody Estey Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1881. [1] May 1 Birth of José M de Alencar Brazilian writer/minister of Justice. [1] May 6 Birth of Phoebe Ann Coffin first female ordained minister in New England. [1] May 8 Birth of Louis Moreau Gottschalk first internationally recognized US pianist. [1] May 9 Birth of Ciro Pinsuti pianist/composer. [1] May 12 Birth of Paul Karrer composer. [1] May 30 Birth of Levin Goldschmidt German business law expert. [1] June 8 Birth of Sir John Everett Millais England, painter (Order of Release). [1] June 12 Birth of Johanna Spyri Switzerland, writer (Heidi). [1] July 26 Birth of Auguste Beernaert Belgium (Nobel Peace Prize-1909). [1] September 7 Birth of August Kekule von Stradonitz discovered structure of benzene ring. [1] Birth of Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden US, geologist (Geograph Survey 1859-86). [1] September 12 Birth of Charles Dudley Warner Massachusetts, newspaperman/author (Being a Boy). [1] October 15 Birth of Asaph Hall discovered satellites of Mars, Phobos and Deimos. [1] November 28 Birth of Anton Rubinstein Vykhvatinetz Podolia, composer (Omitri Donskoy). [1] December 3 Birth of Green Berry Raum Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1909. [1] December 14 Birth of John Mercer Langston first black to hold US political office. [1] December 24 Birth of Benjamin Ipavec composer. [1] Birth of Jose Rogel composer. [1] December 25 Birth of Patrick S Gilmore composer. [1] December 27 Birth of James Clay Rice Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1864. [1]