1501
- January 17
- Birth of Leonhard Fuchs in Wemding, Germany; professor of medicine at the University of Tübingen, botanist. [1] [37]
- February 24
- Birth of Sixt(us) Birck [Xystus Betulius] German writer (Suzanna). [1]
- May 6
- Birth of Marcellus II [Marcello Cervini] Italy, humanist/Pope (1555, 22 days). [1]
- September 24
- Birth of Girolamo Cardano Italy, mathematician/astrologer (Ars Magna-1545). [1]
1502
- January 10
- Birth of Hendrik Niclaes German/Dutch merchant/cult leader (Children of God). [1]
- February 2
- Birth of Damiao de Góis Portuguese humanist scholar. [1]
- June 7
- Birth of Pope Gregory XIII introduced Gregorian calendar in 1582. [1]
1503
- January 11
- Birth of Francesco Parmigianino Italian artist (Madonna with the Long Neck). [1]
- March 10
- Birth of Ferdinand I in Alcala de Henares, Spain; Holy Roman Emperor (1558-64), king of Bohemia and Hungary. [1] [37]
- March 19
- Birth of Benedetto Varchi Italy, humanist/historian (Storia Fiorentina). [1]
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- June 1
- Birth of Wilhelm von Grumbach near Würzburg. Grumbach envied the power and land of the Bishop of Würzburg and at one point plundered Würzburg. [37]
- November 17
- Birth of Il Bronzino Florentine painter (Eleanor de Toledo and her Son). [1]
- December 14
- Birth of Nostradamus [Michel de Nostre-Dam]; French astrologist/prophet. [1] [5]
1504
- January 1
- Birth of Caspar Cruciger German church reformer. [1]
- January 17
- Birth of Pius V [Antonio Ghislieri] saint, pope (1566-72). [1]
- July 18
- Birth of Heinrich Bullinger in Bremgarten, Switzerland; contributed to moving Switzerland to Protestantism. [37]
- November 13
- Birth of Philip, Landgraf of Hesse, in Marburg, Germany; leader of the Protestant princes against the Emperor, Karl V. [37]
1505
- January 13
- Birth of Joachim II Hektor in Cologne; Elector of Brandenburg. [1] [37]
- February 5
- Birth of Gilg Tschudi in Glarus, Switzerland; historian (Chronicon Helveticum). [37]
- July 17
- Birth of Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten in Berlin, Germany; philosopher, coined the term "aesthetics" and established it as a distinct field of philosophy. [37]
1506
- February 11
- Birth of Juliana van Stolberg engraver of Nassau. [1]
- April 7
- Birth of Saint Francis Xavier Jesuit missionary to India, Malaya, and Japan. [1]
1507
- January 15
- Birth of Johann Oporinus [Herbster] Swiss book publisher (Koran). [1]
- February 20
- Birth of Gentile Bellini Italian artist (Sultan Mohammed II). [1]
1508
- December 8
- Birth of Gemma Frisius [Jemme Reinersz] Frisian geographer/astronomer. [1]
1509
- January 25
- Birth of Giovanni Morone Italian theologist/diplomat/cardinal/"heretic". [1]
- July 10
- Birth of John Calvin Protestant religious reformer/theologian. [1]
1511
- July 30
- Birth of Giorgio Vasari painter/architect/art historian (Vasari's Lives). [1]
- September 29
- Birth of Michael Servetus Spain, physician (Christianism Rostituta). [1]
- November 22
- Birth of Erasmus Reinhold Germany, mathematician (calculated planetary table). [1]
1512
- March 5
- Birth of Gerardus Mercator Rupelmonde (Belgium), geographer/mapmaker. [1]
- April 10
- Birth of James I king of Scotland (1513-42). [1]
1513
- February 14
- Birth of Domenico Maria Ferrabosco Italian composer. [1]
1514
- February 16
- Birth of Georg Joachim Rhäticus [Rheticus] in Feldkirch, Austria; astronomer/mathematician. [1] [37]
- February 22
- Birth of Tahmasp I shah of Persia (1524-76)/author (Tazkire-i Shah). [1]
- May 3
- Birth of Bartholomaeus a Martyribus [Fernandez], primate of Portugal. [1]
- December 31
- Birth of Andreas Vesalius in Brussels, Belgium; anatomist (Fabrica). [1]
1515
- February 14
- Birth of Frederick III [the Pious], in Simmern, Germany; known as "Friedrich der Fromme", elector of the Palatine of the Rhine, assisted the development of Protestantism in Germany, Francem and Holland. [1] [37]
- March 12
- Birth of Caspar Othmayr composer. [1]
- March 28
- Birth of Theresa of Avila/Teresa de Jesus Spanish mystic writer/saint. [1]
- April 22
- Birth of Antoine of Bourbon duke of Vendôme/king of Navarra. [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Mary of Lorraine France, pro-French Regent of Scotland. [1]
1516
- February 18
- Birth of Mary I Tudor [Bloody Mary] Greenwich, (1553-58), first reigning queen of Great Britain. [1]
- March 26
- Birth of Konrad von Gesner in Zürich, Switzerland; naturalist (Bibliotheca Universalis). [1] [37]
1517
- January 17
- Birth of Antonio Scandello Italian composer (Passion of Johannes). [1]
- January 31
- Birth of Gioseffo Zarlino composer. [1]
1518
- December 21
- Birth of Mark van Vaernewijck Flemish nobleman/politician. [1]
1519
- February 15
- Birth of Pedro Menéndez de Aviles explored Florida - founded Saint Augustine Florida. [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Gaspard de Coligny Huguenot leader/French Admiral. [1]
- February 17
- Birth of François de Guise [Balafré], French general strategist (Calais). [1]
- March 29
- Birth of Carlo Caraffa Italian cardinal. [1]
- March 31
- Birth of Henry II King of Germany (1547-59). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Catherine de Médici Queen of Spain/daughter of Henry II. [1]
- June 12
- Birth of Cosmos de Medici art patron (Accademia del Disegno). [1]
- July 20
- Birth of Innocent IX 230th Roman Catholic pope (1591). [1]
1521
- March 21
- Birth of Maurice, Elector of Saxony, in Freiberg, Germany; Protestant, allied with the Roman Catholic Emperor Karl V. [37]
- Birth of Mauritius duke/nice monarch of Saksen (1547-53). [1]
- April 18
- Birth of François de Coligny ruler of van Andelot, French General (Jarnac). [1]
- May 8
- Birth of Peter Canisius [Pieter de Hondt/Kanijs]; first German Jesuit, the "Second Apostle of Germany", sainted. [1] [37]
- December 13
- Birth of Sixtus V [Felice Peretti/"Montalto"] bishop of Fermo/Pope (1585-90). [1]
1522
- November 9
- Birth of Martin Chemnitz in Treuenbrietzen, Germany; leading Protestant theologian. [37]
1523
- February 20
- Birth of Jan Blahoslav Czechoslovakian humanist/bishop (Bohemian brothers). [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Charles "Cardinal" of Bourbon archbishop Rouen. [1]
1524
- February 15
- Birth of Charles de Guise archbishop/cardinal of Reims. [1]
- May 30
- Birth of Selîm II Sari the blonde, sultan of Turkey (1566-74). [1]
1527
- March 21
- Birth of Hermann Finck composer. [1]
- April 4
- Birth of Abraham Ortelius [Ortels/Hortels] South Netherlands geographer. [1]
- May 8
- Birth of Johann Walter composer. [1]
- May 21
- Birth of Philip II King of Spain (1556-98) and Portugal (1580-98). [1]
- July 13
- Birth of John Dee in London, England; alchemist/astrologer/mathematician. [1]
- July 31
- Birth of Maximilian II in Vienna, Austria; Holy Roman Emperor (1546). [37]
1528
- January 7
- Birth of Jeanne d'Albret queen of Navarra/mother of French King Henry IV. [1]
- March 1
- Birth of Albrecht V von Wittelsbach [the Generous], duke of Bavaria. [1]
- March 25
- Birth of Jacob Andreae German theologist (Schwäbische Konkordie). [1]
- November 2
- Birth of Petrus Lotichius Secundus in Niederzell (Germany); professor of medicine at the University of Heidelberg, poet of the Renaissance period. [37]
1530
- May 7
- Birth of Louis I Condé French prince/leader of hugenots. [1]
- August 25
- Birth of Ivan IV (the Terrible) first tsar of Russia (1533-84). [1]
1532
- February 19
- Birth of Jean-Antoine de Baïf French poet (Les amours de Méline). [1]
- March 25
- Birth of Pietro Pontio composer. [1]
1533
- February 14
- Birth of Christianus Adrichomius Dutch priest/writer (Vita Jesu Christi). [1]
- February 22
- Birth of Péter Bornemisza Hungarian vicar/author/publisher (Tragoedia). [1]
- February 28
- Birth of Michel de Montaigne France, essayist/philosopher. [1]
- September 7
- Birth of Elizabeth to King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; Queen Elizabeth I of England 1558-1603. [1] [419.70]
- December 13
- Birth of Erik XIV Wasa king of Sweden (1560-69). [1]
1534
- April 7
- Birth of José de Anchieta Spanish jesuit/missionary (Brazilian Tupi-Indians). [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Lucas Osiander composer. [1]
1535
- February 11
- Birth of Gregory XIV [Niccolò Sfondrati], Roman Catholic pope (1590-91). [1]
- May 3
- Birth of Alessandro "Agnolo" Allori Italian painter/carpet designer. [1]
1536
- February 6
- Birth of Toyotomi Hideyoshi second of three unifier of Japan in 16th century. [1]
- February 24
- Birth of Clement VIII [Ippolito Aldofireini], Fano Italy, last Counter-Reformation pope (1592-1605). [1]
- May 10
- Birth of Thomas Howard fourth duke of Norfolk, English Earl Marshall. [1]
1537
- May 20
- Birth of Hieronymus Fabricius Ab Aquapend Italy, physician (De Formato Foetu). [1]
- October 12
- Birth of Edward VI king of England (1547-53). [1]
- December 21
- Birth of Johan III king of Sweden (1569-92). [1]
1538
- March 10
- Birth of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk; executed by Queen Elizabeth (1572). [1]
- April 24
- Birth of Gugliemo Gonzaga composer. [1]
- April 26
- Birth of Giovanni P Lomazzo Italian writer/poet (Trattato). [1]
- December 10
- Birth of Giovanni Battista Guarini Italian writer (Faithfull Shepherd). [1]
1539
- January 7
- Birth of Sebastián de Covarrubias Horozco Spanish lexicographer. [1]
- February 27
- Birth of Franciscus Raphelengius Dutch book publisher. [1]
- April 17
- Birth of Tobias Stimmer Swiss painter/cartoonist (Comedia). [1]
- December 20
- Birth of Paul Melissus [Paul Schede] German poet/composer. [1]
1540
- January 25
- Birth of Edmund Campion London, saint/Jesuit martyr (December Rationes). [1]
- January 28
- Birth of Ludolph van Ceulen in Saxony; mathematician, calculated Pi to 35 places. [1615.10]
- August 5
- Birth of Joseph Justice Scaliger proposed Julian dating. [1]
- December 31
- Birth of Silvio Antoniano; Italian cardinal/theologist (Tre libri). [1]
1542
- February 22
- Birth of Santino Garsi composer. [1]
- October 15
- Birth of Akbar Indian Mughal emperor (1556-1605). [1]
- December 7
- Birth of Mary Stuart Queen of Scots (1560-1587). [1]
1543
- January 18
- Birth of Alfonso Ferrabosco composer. [1]
- February 10
- Birth of Johann Maier (later Eck) in Egg (Germany); Catholic priest, Doctor of Theology, professor of theology at the University of Ingolstadt, opposed Luther's 95 theses as heresy. [37]
- March 7
- Birth of Johan Casimir count of Rhine (occupied Gent). [1]
1544
- January 19
- Birth of Francis II de Valois-Angoulême king of France (1559-60). [1]
- March 11
- Birth of Torquato Tasso Italy, Renaissance poet (Aminta, Apologia). [1]
- May 24
- Birth of William Gilbert Essex England, physicist (researcher into magnetism). [1]
- December 23
- Birth of Anna duchess of Saxson/wife of prince Willem of Orange (1561-71). [1]
1545
- February 24
- Birth of Don John of Austria the elder, Austrian general. [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Elisabeth van Valois French queen of Spain/daughter of Henri II. [1]
- May 1
- Birth of Franciscus Junius [François du Jon], French/Netherlands calvinist theologist. [1]
1546
- January 27
- Birth of Joachim III Frederick elector (Brandenburg). [1]
- February 14
- Birth of Johann Pistorius German theologist/historian. [1]
- April 21
- Birth of Arcangelo Crivelli composer. [1]
- December 14
- Birth of Tycho Brahe in Knudstrup, Denmark; astronomer (Golden nose). [1] [5]
1547
- February 24
- Birth of Jan of Austria Spanish military man/land guardian of the Netherlands. [1]
- October 9
- Birth of Miguel de Cervantes novelist (Don Quixote). [1]
- December 5
- Birth of Ubbo Emmius [van Embden] Dutch-Frisian humanist/historian. [1]
1548
- January 5
- Birth of Francisco Suárez Granada Spain, philosopher/theologian. [1]
- March 13
- Birth of Sasbout Vosmeer Dutch Catholic theologist/apostole. [1]
- March 18
- Birth of Cornelis Ketel Dutch portrait painter/poet. [1]
- December 23
- Birth of Pieter C Bockenberg historian (Annales Hollandiae et Zeelandiae). [1]
1549
- March 3
- Birth of Henric Spieghel Dutch Renaissance poet (Hertspiegel). [1]
- March 11
- Birth of Hendrik L Spieghel Dutch merchant/Renaissance poet (Hertspiegel). [1]
- July 30
- Birth of Ferdinando l de' Medici (dies 1609). [5]
- December 1
- Birth of Johan van der Veeken merchant/co-founder (VOC). [1]
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