References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1872 January 4 Birth of Edmund Rumpler Austria, auto/airplane builder. [1] January 6 Birth of Alexander N Scriabin Moscow, hallucinogenic composer (Prometheus). [1] January 11 Birth of Paul Graener composer. [1] January 16 Birth of Edward G Craig actor/director (On the art of theatre). [1] Birth of Henri-Paul Busser composer. [1] January 18 Birth of Paul Leautaud [Maurice Boissard], France, writer (Petit ami). [1] January 21 Birth of Jonkhr Frans Beelaerts van Blokland Dutch foreign minister. [1] January 27 Birth of Learned Hand Albany New York, Chief judge (US Court of Appeals). [1] January 31 Birth of Zane Grey American West novelist (Riders of the Purple Sage, Spirit of the Border). [1] February 1 Birth of Paul Fort French poet/founder of Vers et Prose. [1] February 6 Birth of Theodor Lessing writer. [1] February 7 Birth of Nikolaos "Sokrates" Politis Greek lawyer/diplomat/foreign minister. [1] February 10 Birth of Anne Anema Dutch lawyer/journalist/politician (ARP). [1] February 24 Birth of John Jarvis England, swimmer (won 108 titles). [1] March 3 Birth of Wee Willie Keeler outfielder (Baltimore Orioles); hit .432 in 1897. [1] March 7 Birth of Piet Mondrian Holland, abstract painter (Broadway Boogie Woogie). [1] Birth of Vasily Andreyevich Zolotaryov composer. [1] March 8 Birth of Paul Juon Russian/Swiss violinist/composer. [1] March 10 Birth of Felix Borowski composer. [1] March 11 Birth of Abraham van Stolk Jzn lumber merchant/art collector. [1] March 13 Birth of Oswald Garrison Villard American journalist. [1] March 17 Birth of Billy Quaife cricketer (England batsman 1899-1902). [1] March 18 Birth of Frank Hoyt Losey composer. [1] March 19 Birth of Sergei Diaghilev Gruzino Novgorod Russia, ballet director. [1] March 20 Birth of Bernhard Seklas composer. [1] Birth of Karin Michaelis writer. [1] March 25 Birth of Vito Pardo Italian sculptor (Columbus monument in Argentina). [1] March 28 Birth of José Sanjurjo y Sacanell Spanish General (Morocco). [1] March 30 Birth of Sergey Nikiforovich Vasilenko composer. [1] March 31 Birth of Arthur Griffith Irish journalist, founder of Sinn Féin. [1] Birth of Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev Russia, dance master (Imperial Ballet). [1] April 1 Birth of Tadeusz Joteyko composer. [1] April 4 Birth of Nikolai Amani composer. [1] Birth of Pauline de Haan-Manifarges Dutch singer. [1] April 7 Birth of William Monroe Trotter famous African. [1] April 9 Birth of Léon Blum French premier (People's front government). [1] Birth of Léon Blum statesman. [1] April 13 Birth of A Roda Roda writer. [1] April 21 Birth of G W Bitzer [Johann Gottlob Wilhelm Bitzer] Roxbury Massachusetts. [1] April 25 Birth of Charles Burgess Fry cricketer/world record long jumper. [1] April 29 Birth of Eyvind Alnaes composer. [1] May 1 Birth of Hugo Alfvén Stockholm Sweden, composer (Midsommarvaka). [1] May 2 Birth of G G van der Hoeven Dutch editor-in-chief (NRC). [1] May 18 Birth of Bertrand Russell England, mathematician/philosopher (Nobel Prize 1950). [1] May 20 Birth of Albert Steinrück German actor (Golem). [1] May 21 Birth of Henry Warren Boston Massachusetts, inventor (Telechon electric clock). [1] May 31 Birth of Charles G Abbot US, astronomer (Constant Sun). [1] Birth of William Heath Robinson England, illustrator/cartoonist (Don Quixote). [1] June 6 Birth of Alexandra last Russian tsarina (1894-1918). [1] June 27 Birth of Paul Laurence Dunbar Dayton Ohio, short story writer (Majors and Minors). [1] July 1 Birth of Louis Blériot first man to fly an airplane across English Channel. [1] July 4 Birth of Calvin Coolidge (Republican) 29th president (1923-29). [1] July 15 Birth of José Enrique Rodó Montevideo, philosopher/educator/essayist. [1] July 16 Birth of Roald Amundsen Norway, explorer, discovered South Pole. [1] July 20 The US Patent Office awards the first patent for wireless telegraphy to Mahlon Loomis. [1] [5] July 26 Birth of George Louis Beer historian (authority on British colonies). [1] August 3 Birth of Haakon VII Charlottenlund Denmark, King of Norway. [1] August 21 Birth of Aubrey Beardsley England, artist (Salome). [1] August 24 Birth of Sir Max Beerbohm England, caricaturist/writer/wit (Saturday Review). [1] September 4 Birth of Darius Milhaud Aix-en-Provence France, composer (Maximilien). [1] September 10 Birth of Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji India, cricketer/politician. [1] October 8 Birth of John Cowper Powys British writer (Wood and Stone). [1] October 11 Birth of Harlan Fiske Stone New Hampshire, Supreme Court (1925-41) Chief Justice (41-46). [1] October 12 Birth of Ralph Vaughan Williams Down Amp England, composer (Hugh the Drover). [1] October 27 Birth of Emily Post authority on social behavior, writer (Etiquette). [1] November 11 Birth of Frederick A Stock Julich, Germany, conductor (Theodore Thomas Orchestra). [1] December 5 Birth of Harry N Pillsbury US chess player. [1] December 6 Birth of Mikulas Moyzes composer. [1] December 7 Birth of Johan Huizinga Dutch culture historian (Homo Ludens). [1] December 8 Birth of J C Powys writer. [1] December 10 Birth of Johann Babtist Thaller composer. [1] Birth of Ludwig Klages German philosopher (study of graves). [1] December 20 Birth of Lorenzo Perosi Italian composer. [1] December 21 Birth of Albert P Terhune US, novelist (Lad, a Dog). [1] December 28 Birth of Pio Baroja Y Nessa San Sebastian Spain, writer (Camino de Perfección). [1] December 30 Birth of William A Larned tennis champion (US Open-1901). [1] 1873 January 1 Birth of Mariano Azuela Mexico, novelist (The Flies, The Bosses). [1] Birth of Willis Robards Texas; actor/director (Mothers of Men, Every Woman's Problem). [1] January 2 Birth of Anton Pannekoek Dutch astronomer/marxist theorist (Communist Tactics). [1] January 6 Birth of Karl Straube German organist/conductor. [1] January 7 Birth of Adolph Zukor Hungary, movie producer/director/executive (Paramount). [1] Birth of Charles Pierre Péguy Orléans France, Catholic writer (God Speaks). [1] January 8 Birth of Lucien Capet composer. [1] January 9 Birth of Hayyim Nahman Bialik Rädi Ukraine, Hebrew poet/translator. [1] January 11 Birth of Joaquín Alvarez Quintéro Spanish dramatist/playwright (Los Galeotes). [1] January 15 Birth of Max Adler Austria sociologist/socialist theorist. [1] January 16 Birth of Boyd Alexander English explorer. [1] January 17 Birth of François Rasse composer. [1] January 19 Birth of Hans E Blaich writer. [1] January 20 Birth of Charles A Ellwood US, sociologist/psychologist. [1] Birth of Johannes V Jensen Denmark, novelist/poet/essayist (Energy Storage, Nobel Prize 1944). [1] January 28 Birth of "Sidonie Gabrielle" Colette Burgundy France, novelist (Cheri, Gigi). [1] Birth of M A Noble cricketer (great Australian all-rounder at turn of century). [1] January 29 Birth of Luigi A duke of the Abruzzes, Italy, explorer/climber (Mt Saint Elias). [1] January 30 Birth of Rose Melville actress (Sis). [1] February 1 Birth of Clara Butt Southwick Sussex, contralto (Country of Hope and Glory). [1] February 2 Birth of Freiherr Konstantin von Neurath German Secretary of State (1932-38). [1] Birth of Johan P Earl van Limburg Stirum Dutch diplomat. [1] Birth of Leopold Fall Austria, operetta composer (Dollar Princess). [1] February 3 Birth of Ernest B Allo French theologist. [1] February 11 Birth of Feodor Chaliapine Russian author/novelist (Pages from My Life). [1] February 12 Birth of Jón Trausti [Gudmundur Magnússon], Icelandic writer (Heidarbylid). [1] February 22 Birth of Muhammad Iqbal Dutch East Indies lawyer/poet/philosopher. [1] February 23 Birth of Dmitri Arakishvili composer. [1] February 25 Birth of Enrico Caruso Naples Italy, operatic tenor (Faust). [1] February 26 Birth of Ewoud van Everdingen Dutch meteorologist. [1] March 3 Birth of William Green president of American Federation of Labor (1924-52). [1] March 10 Birth of Jakob Wassermann Germany, novelist (My Life as German and Jew). [1] March 14 Birth of Joannes DJ Aengenent sociologist/bishop of Haarlem (1928-35). [1] March 15 Birth of David Vaughan Thomas composer. [1] Birth of Lee Shubert producer (theatres in New York and Los Angeles named after him). [1] March 16 Birth of Hippoliet Daeye Flemish painter (Sereniteit). [1] March 17 Birth of Chard Somerset first woman Cabinet minister (1929-31). [1] Birth of Margaret Bondfield British Labour leader/first woman cabinet member. [1] March 19 Birth of Max Reger Brand Bavaria, composer/pianist/professor (Leipzig University). [1] March 25 Birth of Rudolf Rocker German/US anarchist. [1] March 26 Birth of [Louise] Sophie de Vries actress (On Hope of Blessing). [1] April 1 Birth of Sergei Vasilievitch Rachmaninov Novgorod Provine Russia, composer (Prelude in C# Minor). [1] April 13 Birth of Theodore Morse composer. [1] April 14 Birth of Viktor Joseph Keldorfer composer. [1] April 18 Birth of Jean Roger-Ducasse composer. [1] April 19 Birth of Sydney Barnes cricketer (probably England's greatest bowler). [1] April 22 Birth of Ellen Anderson Glasgow US, novelist (Ancient Law, Pulitzer-1942). [1] April 24 Birth of Theodor Körner von Siegringen Austrian General/President. [1] April 25 Birth of Walter De la Mare English poet/anthologist (Behold the Dreamer). [1] April 26 Birth of Otto zur Linde German author (Charon). [1] April 27 Birth of Harry M O'Connor Chicago Illinois; actor (Stranger than Fiction). [1] April 28 Birth of Harold Bauer English/US pianist (Beethoven-Association). [1] April 29 Birth of Alida J M Tartaud-Klein actress/stage star (Rotterdam Stage). [1] May 3 Birth of Nikolay N Tcherepnin Saint Petersburg, composer of ballets, songs. [1] Birth of [Nicoline] Magdalene Anchor-Roll Norwegian author (Kvinnen og Denmark). [1] May 7 Birth of Clarence Dickinson composer. [1] May 8 Birth of Henry Leveson-Gower cricketer (England captain 1909-10 later official). [1] May 9 Birth of Lilian Mary Baylis manager (Old Vic and Sadler's Wells Theater). [1] May 10 Birth of Carl J Eldh Swedish sculptor. [1] Birth of Jan Kalf literary/art historian (Preservation of museums). [1] May 15 Birth of Nikolay N Tcherepnin Saint Petersburg, composer of ballets, songs. [1] May 17 Birth of Dorothy Miller Richardson Abingdon Berkshire, novelist. [1] Birth of Henri Barbusse Asnieres France, novelist (Le Feu). [1] May 19 Birth of Federico Gerdes Tacna Perú, orchestraestra director. [1] May 21 Birth of Emil Ermatinger Switzerland, literature historian. [1] Birth of Everard Verachtert Flemish translator (I speak beschaafd Dutch). [1] May 23 Birth of Leo Baeck rabbi/president (World Union for Progressive Judaism). [1] May 26 Birth of Cornelis G N de Vooys translator/founder (New Taalgids). [1] June 28 Birth of Alexis Carrel France, surgeon/sociologist/biologist (Nobel Prize 1912). [1] August 18 Birth of Otto Harbach songwriter (Smoke Gets in Your Eyes). [1] August 20 Birth of Eliel Saarinen Finland, architect (GM Tech Institute, Mich). [1] August 26 Birth of Lee De Forest Council Bluffs, inventor (Audion vacuum (radio) tube). [1] September 8 Birth of David O McKay Huntsville, Utah, 9th president of Mormon church. [1] Birth of Max Reinhardt Austria, theatrical director (Oedipus Rex). [1] October 8 Birth of Ejnar Hertzsprung Denmark, astronomer (Hertzsprung-Russell diagram). [1] October 9 Charles Walgreen is born. [5] October 14 Birth of Raymond C Ewry Indiana, polio victim who won 10 Olympic golds. [1] October 26 Birth of Thorvald Stauning Denmark, Prime Minister (1924-26, 1929-42). [1] October 29 Birth of Guillermo Valencia Colombia, poet/translator/statesman. [1] October 30 Birth of Francisco Madero Mexico, revolutionary, president (1911-13). [1] November 4 Birth of GE Moore English philosopher (Ethics). [1] November 10 Birth of Henri Rabaud Paris France, composer (Le Premer Glaire). [1] November 16 Birth of W(illiam) C(hristopher) Handy Alabama, jazz star (Saint Louis Blues). [1] November 20 Birth of Daniel Gregory Mason Brookline Massachusetts, composer (Chanticker). [1] December 1 Birth of Charles JM Ruys de Beerenbrouck premier of Netherlands (1918-25, 29-33). [1] December 7 Birth of Willa Cather US, author (My Antonia). [1] December 9 Birth of Antoine Pompe Belgian architect. [1] December 14 Birth of Marie-Alphonse-Nicolas-Joseph Jongen composer. [1] December 15 Birth of Pongrac Kacsoh composer. [1] December 17 Birth of Ford Madox Ford England, novelist/editor (The Inheritors). [1] December 18 Birth of Adolf Vogl composer. [1] December 22 Birth of L[eopold] S[tennett] Amery British politician. [1] Birth of Matteo Giulio Bartoli Austria-Hungary, linguist. [1] December 26 Birth of Hubert Cuypers Dutch composer/choir conductor (Minstrels). [1] Birth of Karel Moor composer. [1] 1874 January 1 Birth of Hugo Leichtentritt composer. [1] January 4 Birth of Josef Suk Czech violinist/composer (Asrael). [1] Birth of Sven Fleuron writer. [1] January 5 Birth of Joseph Erlanger doctor (shock therapy-Nobel Prize 1944). [1] January 13 Birth of Jozef E van Roey Flemish cardinal/archbishop of Mechlin. [1] January 14 Birth of Thornton Waldo Burgess author (Peter Rabbit). [1] January 16 Birth of Robert Service England, Canadian poet (Cremation of Sam McGee). [1] January 22 Birth of Wincenty Witoz Galicia, Prime Minister of Poland (1920-21, 1923, 1926). [1] January 24 Birth of Arthur Shomburg famous African. [1] January 25 Birth of Hewlett Johnson [Red Dean of Canterbury], English bishop. [1] Birth of [William] Somerset Maugham Paris, novelist/poet (Of Human Bondage). [1] January 28 Birth of Ernst Rabel Austrian/US law historian (Grundzüge). [1] January 29 Birth of John David Rockefeller Jr in Cleveland, Ohio; philanthropist (dies 1960). [1] [5] Birth of Robert Lach composer. [1] February 1 Birth of Hugo von Hofmannsthal Austria, poet/dramatist/essayist. [1] February 3 Birth of Franklyn Dyall Liverpool England; actor (Easy Virtue). [1] Birth of Gertrude Stein Pennsylvania, author (Autobiography of Alice B Toklas). [1] February 4 Birth of Robert Liefmann German economist (Unternehmersverbände). [1] February 6 Birth of Milton Bennett Medary US, architect (Washington Chapel). [1] February 9 Birth of Amy Lowell US, critic/Imagist poet (Patterns, Sword Blades and Poppy Seed). [1] Birth of Vsevolod Meyerhold Russian theatrical producer/director/actor (Houligan). [1] February 11 Birth of Elsa Beskow [Maartman], Swedish children's book/fairy tales author. [1] Birth of Fritz Bennicke Hart composer. [1] February 13 Birth of Hendrik Spiekman Dutch politician (social-democratic). [1] February 15 Birth of Emilis Melngailis composer. [1] Birth of Ernest H Shackleton Kilkee Ireland, explorer (Endurance, Antarctica). [1] February 17 Birth of Thomas J Watson Sr US, representative/founder (IBM). [1] February 20 Birth of Mary Garden Aberdeen Scotland, opera star. [1] February 23 Birth of Konstantin Päts Estonian Prime Minister (1921-23, 1932-33), dictator (1933-40). [1] February 24 Birth of Honus Wagner HOF shortstop (Pittsburgh Pirates, 1900-17). [1] February 26 Birth of Carl Vogler composer. [1] February 27 Birth of Max Ettinger composer. [1] February 28 Birth of Soledad Jiminez Santander Spain; actor (Phantom of the Range). [1] March 1 Birth of Jean de Merode [Marie-Louise B Courtenay], Princess of Netherlands. [1] March 5 Birth of Arthur van Schendel Dutch writer (The World a Dancing Party). [1] Birth of Henry Travers Berwick-Upon-Tweed Northumberland England; actor (Bells of Saint Mary's, High Sierra). [1] March 9 Birth of Johann Richard Ohlsson composer. [1] March 12 Birth of Edmund Eysler Austrian composer. [1] March 14 Birth of Anton F Philips president-director of Philips. [1] Birth of Mary Carr Philadelphia Pennsylvania, actress (Forbidden Trail, Pack Up Your Troubles). [1] March 15 Birth of Harold L Ickes social activist, New Deal politician. [1] March 17 Birth of Kincsem horse that never lost a race. [1] Birth of Stephen Samuel Wise US, president of Zionist Organization of America. [1] March 19 Birth of Arthur Hoyt Georgetown Colorado; actor (Gold Dust Gertie, Goldie Get Along). [1] March 22 Birth of Ellen Glasgow novelist. [1] March 24 Birth of Harry Houdini [Erik Weisz] Budapest Hungary, magician/escape artist. [1] Birth of Luigi Einaudi economist/first President of Italy (1948-55). [1] March 26 Birth of Gerald du Maurier London England; actor (Power, Escape, Masks and Faces). [1] Birth of Oskar Nedbal composer. [1] Birth of Robert Frost San Francisco California, poet (Mending Wall, Road Not Taken). [1] April 3 Birth of Eduardo Sanchez de Fuentes composer. [1] April 9 Birth of Julius Bittner Austrian composer (Little Violet). [1] April 14 Birth of Count Alexander of Athlone, Governor-General (South Africa/Canada). [1] April 15 Birth of Johannes Stark Germany, physicist (Stark effect) (Nobel Prize 1919). [1] April 19 Birth of Firmin Baes Flemish painter. [1] April 24 Birth of John Russell Pope US, architect (Jefferson Memorial). [1] Birth of Willem E Roelofs Dutch painter/cartoonist. [1] April 25 Birth of Guglielmo Marconi Bologna Italy, inventor (radio/Nobel Prize 1909). [1] April 26 Birth of J H "Biddy" Anderson cricketer (one Test South Africa vs Australia 1902). [1] April 28 Birth of Karl Kraus writer. [1] Birth of Sidney Toler Warrensburg Missouri; actor (Madame X, Meeting at Midnight). [1] April 30 Birth of Cyriel Verschaeve Belgian priest/writer. [1] May 3 Birth of François Coty Corsica, Corsican senator/perfume maker. [1] May 9 Howard Carter is born in Swaffham, Norfolk, England; British archaeologist/Egyptologist (found King Tutankhamen's tomb). [1] [5] [66.26] May 12 Birth of Clemens Freiherr von Pirquet Austrian physician (Reaction of Pirquet). [1] May 13 Birth of Henry Clough-Leiter composer. [1] May 19 Birth of Gilbert Laird Jessop cricketer (The Croucher). [1] May 20 Birth of Folkert E Posthuma Dutch minister of Agriculture/Industry. [1] May 22 Birth of Daniel F Malan premier of South Africa (1948-54). [1] Birth of Francesco Paolo Neglia composer. [1] May 26 Birth of Henry Farman French aviation pioneer (double decker). [1] May 27 Birth of Dustin Farnum US; actor (Squaw Man, Virginian) [or 1870]. [1] Birth of Richard von Schaukal Austria poet/writer (Eros Thanatos). [1] May 28 Birth of G K Chesterton writer. [1] May 29 Birth of Gilbert Keith Chesterton England, journalist/poet/critic/novelist (Man Who Made Gold). [1] June 14 Birth of Edward Bowes radio host (Major Bowes Amateur Hour). [1] June 16 Birth of Arthur Meighen (Conservative) 9th Prime Minister of Canada (1920-21, 1926). [1] July 3 Birth of Sir Apirana Turupa Ngata Kawaka New Zealand, Maori political/cultural leader. [1] July 14 Birth of 'Abbas II last khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt (1892-1914). [1] July 26 Birth of Serge Koussevitzky Vishny-Volotchok, Russia conductor (Boston Symp). [1] July 28 Birth of Ernst Cassirer Germany, philosopher/educator (Essay on Man). [1] August 10 Birth of Herbert Clark Hoover West Branch, Iowa, (Republican) 31st President (1929-1933). [1] Birth of James (Tod) Sloan jockey, created monkey crouch riding style. [1] August 16 Birth of Arthur Meighen Canada, Prime Minister of Canada (1920,1,6). [1] September 13 Birth of Arnold Schonberg Vienna Austria, composer (Second Quartet). [1] September 21 Birth of Gustav Holst Cheltenham, England, composer (Planets). [1] October 20 Birth of Charles Edward Ives Danbury Connecticut, composer (Holliday Quick Step). [1] Birth of Viscount Palmerston (Whig) British Prime Minister (1855-65). [1] November 15 Birth of August Krogh Denmark, physiologist (Nobel Prize-1920). [1] November 18 Birth of Clarence Shepard Day New York City, writer (Life with Father). [1] November 27 Birth of Chaim Weizmann Israeli statesman (first President). [1] Birth of Charles A Beard American historian (American Continentalism). [1] November 29 Birth of Antonio Egas Moniz Portugal, lobotomist (Nobel Prize 1949). [1] November 30 Birth of Sir Winston Churchill; British Conservative Prime Minister (1940-45, 1951-55, Nobel Prize 1953). [1] [5] December 1 Birth of Dominicus Johner composer. [1] December 4 Birth of Jean H L Bossard actor/impresario (Merchant of Venice). [1] December 11 Birth of Paul Wegener German actor/director (Student of Prag). [1] December 12 Birth of Volter A Kilpi Finnish writer (Alastalon salissa). [1] December 13 Birth of Ludwig Curtius German archaeologist (Die antike Kunst). [1] December 17 Birth of William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal), 10th Canadian Prime Minister (1921-30, 1935-48). [1] December 21 Birth of Juan Bautista Sacasa President of Nicaragua (1932-36). [1] December 22 Birth of Franz Schmidt composer. [1] Birth of Herman Harrell Horne Clayton North Carolina, philosopher (idealism). [1] December 26 Birth of Norman Angell [Lane] English cowboy/journalist (Nobel Prize 1933). [1] December 31 Birth of Ernest Austin composer. [1]