- January 24
- Birth of John Milton Thayer; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1906). [1]
- February 2
- Birth of Hans E Schack; Danish politician/writer (Phantasterne). [1]
- February 3
- Birth of Elisha Kent Kane; US arctic explorer (Kane Basin off northwest Greenland). [1]
- February 4
- Birth of Bozena Nemcová [Barnora Panklová]; Czechoslovakian author (Babicka). [1]
- February 8
- Birth of William Tecumseh Sherman; US Major General (Union Army) (dies 1891). [1]
- February 15
- Birth of Susan Brownell Anthony in Adams, Massachusetts, USA; women's suffragette (dies 1906). [5] [576.71]
- February 17
- Birth of Henri Vieuxtemps in Verviers, Belgium; composer/teacher (Brussels Conservatory). [1]
- February 20
- Birth of Mahlon Dickerson Manson; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1895). [1]
- February 28
- Birth of John Tenniel in England; cartoonist/illustrator (Alice in Wonderland). [1]
- March 1
- Birth of George Davis; Attorney General (Confederacy) (dies 1896). [1]
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- March 3
- Birth of Eduard Douwes Dekker [Multatuli]; Dutch writer (Max Havelaar). [1]
- March 6
- Birth of Horatio Gouverneur Wright; US Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- March 13
- Birth of Louis Herbert; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1901). [1]
- March 14
- Birth of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia (1849-61), King of Italy (1861-78). [1]
- March 17
- Birth of Patrick Edward Connor; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- March 20
- Birth of Alexander J Cuza; monarch of Moldavia/Wallachia/Romania. [1]
- March 25
- Birth of Xavier F M G, Earl of Merode; Belgian minister to Pope (in Rome). [1]
- April 4
- Birth of Charles Devens Junior; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1891). [1]
- April 7
- Birth of György Klapka; Hungarian General/Member of Parliament (Komárom-castle). [1]
- April 14
- Birth of Harry Thompson Hays; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1876). [1]
- April 15
- Birth of Evander McNair; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1902). [1]
- April 17
- Birth of Alexander Joy Cartwright; inventor of modern baseball field. [400.56]
- April 26
- Birth of Alice Cary in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; American poet (Cincinnati Sentinel). [1]
- April 27
- Birth of Herbert Spencer in Derby, England; Victorian philosopher (Social Statics). [1]
- May 4
- Birth of Joseph Whitaker in England; publisher, founded Whitaker's Almanack. [1]
- Birth of Julia Gardiner; second wife of US President John Tyler. [1] [403.60]
- May 12
- Birth of Florence Nightingale in Florence, Italy; nurse (Crimean War). [1]
- May 23
- Birth of James Buchanan Eads; US engineer/inventor (Eads Bridge in Saint Louis, Missouri). [1]
- June 14
- Birth of John Bartlett; US editor (compiled Familiar Quotations). [1]
- August 12
- Birth of Oliver Mowat; a founder of the Canadian Confederation. [1]
- August 26
- Birth of James Harlan; American politician (Republican-Iowa)/US Seretary of Interior (1865-66). [1]
- September 26
- Birth of Isvar Chandra Vidyasagar; father of Bengali prose (Exile of Sita). [1]
- October 6
- Birth of Johanna Maria Lind AKA Jenny Lind in Stockholm, Sweden; soprano/nightingale (Agathe - "Der Freischultz"). [1] [988.650]
- November 28
- Birth of Friedrich Engels in Germany; social philosopher, Karl Marx's collaborator. [1]
- December 10
- Birth of David Allen Russell; US Army Brevet Major General (Union) (dies 1864). [1]
- December 17
- Birth of Frederick Tracy Dent; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1892). [1]
- December 26
- Birth of Gustavus Adolphus Smith; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1885). [1]
1821
- January 3
- Birth of Joseph Reinkens in Aachen, Germany; Roman Catholic priest, leader in the "Old Catholic" movement in Germany and its first bishop. [37]
- January 4
- Birth of John James Peck; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1878). [1]
- January 6
- Birth of Jakob Frohschammer in Illkofen, Germany; Catholic priest, writer and philosopher, excommunicated for his insistence that philosophy is independent of Church authority. [37]
- January 7
- Birth of Lucius Jeremiah Gartrell; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1891). [1]
- January 8
- Birth of James Longstreet; Confederate General (first Corps, ANV). [1]
- January 15
- Birth of Lafayette McLaws; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1897). [1]
- January 21
- Birth of John Cabell Breckinridge; American politician (Democrat) 14th US Vice President (1857-61)/Major-General (Confederacy). [1]
- January 29
- Birth of Isaac Ferdinand Quinby; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1891). [1]
- February 10
- Birth of William Read Scurry; Confederate Army Brigadier General (dies 1864). [1]
- February 11
- Birth of Auguste Édouard Mariette; French Egyptologist, dug out the Sphinx. [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Heinrich Barth in Hamburg; German geographer/explorer (Central Africa). [1]
- February 19
- Birth of Francis Preston Blair Junior in Lexington, Kentucky, USA; American politician (Representative-Missouri). [1]
- February 21
- Birth of Charles Scribner; US music publisher (Scribner Catalog). [1]
- March 12
- Birth of Luitpold von Bayern; Prince-regent of Bayern. [1]
- Birth of John Abbott in Québec; third Canadian Prime Minister (Conservative, 1891-92). [1]
- March 16
- Birth of Ernest Feydeau; French author (Georges Feydeau). [1]
- March 19
- Birth of Francis Barretto Spinola; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]
- Birth of Richard Burton; explorer/translator (Arabian Nights). [1]
- Birth of William Allingham; Irish poet (Laurence Bloomfield in Ireland). [1]
- March 23
- Birth of Aleksej F Pisemski; Russian writer (Clodhopper). [1]
- March 24
- Birth of [George] Hector Tyndale; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- March 26
- Birth of Earnest Angel; German statistician (Law of Angel). [1]
- March 29
- Birth of Joshua Thomas Owen; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1887). [1]
- April 4
- Birth of Linus Yale; US portrait painter/inventor (Yale cylinder lock). [1]
- April 9
- Birth of Charles-Pierre Baudelaire in France; symbolist poet (Flowers of Evil) (dies 1867). [1] [5]
- April 19
- Birth of Mortimer Dormer Leggett; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1896). [1]
- May 2
- Birth of Abram Sanders Piatt; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1908). [1]
- May 11
- Birth of [Carlos] Charles John Stolbrand; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]
- May 21
- Birth of John F Loudon; Dutch entrepreneur/colonial director. [1]
- May 22
- Birth of Alfred Sully; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1879). [1]
- June 2
- Birth of Ion Bratianu; premier of Romania (Liberal, 1876-88). [1]
- June 13
- Birth of Albert duc de Broglie in France; premier (1873-74, 1877). [1]
- July 2
- Birth of Charles Tupper; 6th Canadian Prime Minister (Conservative, 1896). [1]
- July 13
- Birth of Nathan Bedford Forrest in Tennessee, USA; brilliant cavalry leader, Lieutenant General. [1]
- July 16
- Birth of Mary Baker Eddy; founded Christian Science (Science and Health). [1]
- October 11
- Birth of George Williams in England; founder of YMCA. [1]
- October 30
- Birth of Feodor Mikhailovich Dostoevski; Russian novelist and short-story writer (Crime and Punishment). [1] [5]
- November 28
- Birth of Nikolai Nekrasov in Russia; poet/journalist (Who Can be Happy in Russia?). [1]
- December 2
- Birth of Rufus Barringer; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1895). [1]
- December 10
- Birth of Nikolai A Nekrasov; Russian poet (Russkije Zjenjshiny). [1]
- December 12
- Birth of Gustave Flaubert in Rouen, Normandy, France; novelist (Madame Bovary). [1]
- December 17
- Birth of Frederick West Lander; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1862). [1]
- December 19
- Birth of Mary Ashton Livermore; American reformer/women's suffrage leader. [1]
- December 25
- Birth of Clara Harlowe Barton in Oxford, Massachusetts, USA; nurse (founder-American Red Cross). [1]
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