- May 9
- Birth of Giovanni Paisiello Italian composer (Barber of Seville). [1]
- June 2
- Birth of Marquis de Sade; first known sadist, writer (Justine). [1673.27]
- August 26
- Birth of Joseph Montgolfier France, aeronaut (ballooning). [1]
- October 29
- Birth of James Boswell Scotland, Samuel Johnson's biographer. [1]
1741
- January 25
- Birth of Benedict Arnold General /traitor (US revolution). [1]
- January 31
- Birth of Theodor Gotlieb von Hippel East Prussian author/mayor of Köningsberg. [1]
- March 13
- Birth of Jozef II arch duke of Austria/Roman Catholic German emperor (1765-90). [1]
- April 6
- Birth of Sébastien-Roch-Nicolas Chamfort French playwright (Maximes). [1]
- April 8
- Birth of José B da Gama Portuguese poet (O Uraguai). [1]
- April 15
- Birth of Charles Willson Peale US, port painter/inventor (George Washington). [1]
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- April 17
- Birth of Samuel Chase judge (signed Declaration of Independence). [1]
- May 17
- Birth of John Penn US attorney (signed Declaration of Independence). [1]
- December 8
- Birth of Maximilian JLP Gardel French dancer/choreographer (Menuet Reine). [1]
- December 10
- Birth of Agatha "Aagje" Deken Dutch writer (For the Elderly and Children). [1]
1742
- January 7
- Birth of Christian Garve; enlightenment philosopher, professor at the University of Leipzig. [37]
- June 17
- Birth of William Hooper signed Declaration of Independence. [1]
- June 26
- Birth of Arthur Middleton signer Declaration of Independence. [1]
- August 7
- Birth of Nathanael Greene American Revolutionary War General. [1]
- December 9
- Birth of Carl W Scheele Swedish pharmacist/chemist (lemon acid). [1]
- December 16
- Birth of Gebhard Leberecht Fürst Blücher von Wahlstatt German fieldmarshal. [1]
1743
- January 21
- Birth of John Fitch inventor (had a working steamboat years before Fulton). [1]
- February 19
- Birth of [Ridolfo] Luigi Boccherini Italian composer, cellist (Minuet). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Thomas Jefferson in Shadwell, Virginia; politician (Democrat-R) third US President (1801-09). [1] [5] [487.34]
- April 24
- Birth of Edmund Cartwright England, cleric, inventor (power loom). [1]
- May 20
- Birth of [François D] Toussaint L'Ouverture (à Breda), leader (Haiti). [1]
- May 24
- Birth of Jean-Paul Marat France, revolutionist. [1]
- August 26
- Birth of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier in Paris, France; father of modern chemistry (Oxygen). [1] [5]
- December 1
- Birth of Martin H Klaproth German chemist (uranium). [1]
- December 29
- Birth of Alexander van Bylandt Dutch military officer. [1]
1744
- February 21
- Birth of Eise J Eisinga Frisia, built planetarium Franeker. [1]
- February 23
- Birth of Mayer Amschel von Rothschild; financier. [480.56]
- April 18
- Birth of Pieter 't Hoen Dutch journalist/patriot. [1]
- May 18
- Birth of Joseph Beer Bohemia clarinetist/composer (5th clarinet flap). [1]
- July 17
- Birth of Elbridge Thomas Gerry in Marblehead, Massachusetts; American statesman and diplomat, Governor of Massachusetts (1810-11), Vice President (1813-14). [1] [130]
- August 1
- Birth of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck believed in inheritance of acquired traits. [1]
- November 11
- Birth of Abigail Adams in Weymouth, Massachusetts; second first lady of USA (1797-1801). [1] [559.66]
- December 19
- Birth of Jacobus J Cramer priest of Holland/Zealand/West-Friesland. [1]
1745
- January 1
- Birth of "Mad" Anthony Wayne General. [1]
- January 6
- Birth of Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier Annonay France, aeronaut (first pioneer balloonist/brother of Joseph-Michel/co-inventor of calorimeter, hydraulic ram, and process for producing vellum). [1]
- February 18
- Birth of Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta physicist/inventor (battery). [1]
- April 20
- Birth of Philippe Pinel physician, founder of psychiatry. [1]
- April 29
- Birth of Oliver Ellsworth; third US Chief Justice Supreme Court (1796-1800). [1]
- June 11
- Birth of David A. Brearley in Lawrenceville, New Jersey; signed the U.S Constitution on behalf of New Jersey, chief justice of New Jersey (1779-89), first federal district judge for the US District Court for New Jersey. [626.206]
- September 23
- Birth of John Sevier Tennessee, indian fighter (Governor/Republican-Tennessee). [1]
- October 2
- Birth of Robert Scot in Scotland; engraver (US Mint). [551.22] [1632.31]
- December 12
- Birth of John Jay diplomat (New York-Governor). [1]
1746
- January 4
- Birth of Benjamin Rush in Byberry, Pennsylvania; medical doctor, delegate to Continental Congress, signed Declaration of Independence for Pennsylvania, Surgeon-General of Continental Army, president of Philadelphia Medical Society, US Mint Treasurer (1797-1813). [1] [1098.980]
- January 11
- Birth of William Curtis English botanist/publisher (Botanical Magazine). [1]
- January 21
- Birth of Johann H Pestalozzi Zurich Switzerland, educator (Leonard and Gertrude). [1]
- January 24
- Birth of Gustav III king during Swedish Enlightenment (1771-92). [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Johann Heinse German Sturm und Drang novelist/art critic. [1]
- March 27
- Birth of Carlo Bonaparte Corsican attorney/father of emperor Napoleon. [1]
- March 30
- Birth of Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes in Fuendetodos, Spain; painter/etcher (Naked Maja, The Third of May, The Witches' Sabbath). [1] [248.25]
- May 30
- Birth of Pierre François Dominique Toussaint AKA Toussaint l'Ouverture in Haiti; slave, rebel leader, Commander-in-Chief. [1166.244]
- July 16
- Birth of Giuseppe Piazzi discovered first asteroid (Ceres). [1]
- July 28
- Birth of Thomas Heyward soldier, signed Declaration of Independence. [1]
- October 7
- Birth of William Billings Boston Massachusetts, hymn composer (Rose of Sharon). [1]
- November 27
- Birth of Robert Livingston delivered oath of office to George Washington. [1]
1747
- January 10
- Birth of Abraham L Breguet French clock maker. [1]
- February 4
- Birth of Tadeusz Kosciusko Poland, patriot, (New York Bridge). [1]
- March 3
- Birth of Kasamir Pulaski US General (Revolutionary War). [1]
- March 31
- Birth of Johann Abraham Peter Schulz German composer (Moon has Risen). [1]
- July 6
- Birth of John Paul Jones; naval hero ("I have not yet begun to fight"). [1]
- December 26
- Birth of Cornelis Stevens Belgium, Roman Catholic foreman/polemist (Le sophisme dévoilé). [1]
1748
- February 5
- Birth of Christian Gottlob Neefe; German composer, conductor, tutor of Beethoven. [1]
- February 6
- Birth of Adam Weishaupt; Jesuit, founder of Order of the Illuminati. [916.53]
- February 15
- Birth of Jeremy Bentham London England, philosopher/originator (Utilitarian). [1]
- March 8
- Birth of Willem V Batavus prince of Orange-Nassau. [1]
- May 16
- Birth of Antonius van Alphen apostolic vicar of De Bosch. [1]
- August 30
- Birth of Jacques-Louis David France, Neoclassical painter (Death of Marat). [1]
- November 11
- Birth of Charles IV king of Spain (1788-1808). [1]
1749
- January 12
- Birth of Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff Austrian earl/prince/diplomat. [1]
- January 16
- Birth of Vittoria A Alfieri Italian count/poet (Maria Stuarda). [1]
- February 22
- Birth of Johann Nikolaus Forkel musicologist/first biographer of Bach. [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Frederik Sigismund van Bylandt Dutch count/Vice-Admiral. [1]
- May 17
- Birth of Edward Jenner England, physician, discovered vaccination. [1]
- August 5
- Birth of Thomas Lynch signed Declaration of Independence. [1]
- August 28
- Birth of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Frankfurt, social philosopher (Faust). [1]
- November 23
- Birth of Edward Rutledge (Governor-South Carolina) signed Declaration of Independence. [1]
- December 17
- Birth of Domenico Cimarosa Italian composer (Il Matrimonio Segreto). [1]
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