- January 10
- New York Supreme Court issues a preliminary injunction barring New York Yankees from playing season-opening series against Detroit Tigers in Denver, Colorado. [1]
- January 11
- Billy Martin named New York Yankees' manager for third time. [1]
- Billy Martin becomes the New York Yankees' manager for the third time, replacing Clyde King. [56]
- January 12
- NCAA creates the football Kickoff Classic to begin in August. [1]
- Brooks Robinson and Juan Marichal elected to Baseball Hall of Fame. [1]
- January 13
- Quebec Nordiques play 251st NHL game without being shut out. [1]
- American Medical Association urges ban on boxing, cites Muhammad Ali's deteriorating condition. [1]
- January 15
- Hartford Whalers' smallest crowd 4,812 (beat New Jersey Devils) during blizzard. [1]
- Javed Miandad and Mudassar Nazar make 451 stand versus India. [1]
- January 18
- International Olympic Committee restores Jim Thorpe's Olympic medals 70 years after they were taken from him for being paid $25 in semipro baseball. [1]
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- January 19
- Saint Louis Cardinals' infielder Ozzie Smith becomes baseball's first $1 million shortstop, signing a three-year contract. [56]
- January 22
- Björn Borg retires from tennis after winning five consecutive Wimbledon championships. [115]
- January 23
- Houston Rockets is first NBA team to be held scoreless in an overtime Portland Trail Blazers out-score them 17-0 and win 113-96. [1]
- Schöne skates ladies world record 5 km (7:40.97). [1]
- January 30
- Super Bowl XVII at the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California: Washington Redskins beat Miami Dolphins, 27-17; Most Valuable Player: John Riggins, Running Back. [1] [115]
- Hilbert van Thumb becomes European skating champion. [1]
- Pat Bradley wins LPGA Mazda of Deer Creek Golf Classic. [1]
- February 3
- US female Figure Skating championship won by Rosalynn Sumners. [1]
- February 4
- US male Figure Skating championship won by Scott Hamilton. [1]
- February 6
- 13th NFL Pro Bowl: NFC beats AFC 20-19. [1]
- Nancy Lopez wins LPGA Elizabeth Arden Golf Classic. [1]
- February 8
- Champion thoroughbred Shergar kidnapped in Ireland; never found; Lloyds of London pays US$10.6 million insurance. [1]
- Wayne Gretzky sets NHL all star record of four goals in one period. [1]
- 35th NHL All-Star Game: Campbell beats Wales 9-3 at New York Islanders. [1]
- Baseball orders Mickey Mantle to sever ties with Claridge Casino. [1]
- February 13
- Donna White wins LPGA Sarasota Golf Classic. [1]
- World Boxing Council becomes first to cut boxing from 15 to 12 rounds. [1]
- 33rd NBA All-Star Game: East beats West 132-123 at Los Angeles, California. [1]
- Australia beats New Zealand 2-0 to win World Series Cup. [1]
- February 17
- Bob Bourne fails on 8th New York Islanders' penalty shot. [1]
- February 19
- Vladimir Salnikov (USSR) sets 400-metre freestyle swimming record. [1]
- Fernando Valenzuela wins his salary arbitration of US$1 million. [1]
- February 20
- Roland Liboton becomes world champion cross-country cycling. [1]
- February 21
- Donald Davis runs one mile backwards in 6 minutes 7.1 seconds. [1]
- NBA San Diego Clippers begin a 29-game road losing streak. [1]
- February 22
- Vladimir Salnikov (USSR) sets 1500 metre freestyle swimming record. [1]
- February 23
- USFL New Jersey Generals sign Heisman winner Herschel Walker (3 years - US$5 million). [1]
- February 27
- Eamonn Coghlan sets indoor mile record of 3:49.78. [1]
- Jan Stephenson wins Tucson Conquistadores LPGA Golf Tournament. [1]
- March 1
- Tamara McKinney becomes first US woman skier to win the World Cup. [1]
- March 5
- New South Wales beats Western Australia by 54 runs to win Sheffield Shield. [1]
- March 6
- US Football League begins its first season. [1]
- Anne-Marie Palli wins LPGA Samaritan Turquoise Golf Classic. [1]
- March 10
- Walter Alston, Los Angeles Dodgers manager, elected to Hall of Fame. [1]
- March 11
- World Ice Dance Championship in Helsinki Finland won by Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean (Great Britain). [1]
- World Ice Pairs Figure Skating Championship in Helsinki won by Elena Valova and Oleg Vasiliev (USSR). [1]
- World Ladies Figure Skating Championship in Helsinki won by Rosalynn Sumners (USA). [1]
- World Men's Figure Skating Championship in Helsinki won by Scott Hamilton (USA). [1]
- March 12
- Don Ritchie runs world record 50 mile (4:01:09). [1]
- March 13
- First USFL overtime game-Birmingham Stallions beat Oakland Invaders 20-14. [1]
- March 15
- Karnataka beats Bombay on first innings to win cricket Ranji Trophy. [1]
- March
- Art Schlichter, quarterback for NFL's Baltimore Colts, admits to losing over US$750,000 gambling on professional football games. [86.138]
- March 16
- Smallest crowd (1814) at Cleveland Coliseum for NBA game, Cleveland Caviliers versus New Jersey Nets. [1]
- March 17
- 70th hat trick in New York Islanders' history-Mike Bossy. [1]
- March 20
- Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Women's Kemper Golf Open. [1]
- March 25
- Pavel Pegov skates world record 1000 metre (1:12.58). [1]
- Christa Rothenburger skates world record 500 metre ladies (39.69 seconds). [1]
- March 27
- Larry Holmes beats Lucien Rodriguez in 12 rounds for heavyweight boxing title. [1]
- April 1
- New York Islanders' Mike Bossy becomes first to score 60 goals in three consecutive seasons. [1]
- April 3
- 12th Nabisco Dinah Shore Golf Championship won by Amy Alcott. [1]
- Second NCAA Women's Basketball Championship: Southern California beats Los Angeles Tech 69-67. [1]
- April 4
- 45th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: North Carolina State beats Houston 54-52. [1]
- April 5
- New York Mets' Tom Seaver's sets record 14th National League Opening Day assignment. [1]
- April 7
- WIBC Championship Tournament in Las Vegas, Nevada, attracts 75,480 women bowlers for 83-day event. [1]
- April 10
- Nancy Lopez wins LPGA J&B Scotch Pro-Am Golf Tournament. [1]
- Baltimore Orioles' Eddie Murray hits his 1,000 career hit. [1]
- Hennie Kuiper (Netherlands) wins Paris-Roubaix cycle race. [1]
- April 11
- 47th Golf Masters Championship: Seve Ballesteros wins, shooting a 280. [1]
- April 14
- New York Islanders tie own record with two shorthanded playoff goals in a period versus New York Rangers. [1]
- North Carolina State beats Houston for NCAA basketball title. [1]
- April 16
- Setting a National League consecutive game-played record, Los Angeles Dodgers' first baseman Steve Garvey appears in his 1,118th straight game. [1] [56]
- April 17
- New York Islanders tie NHL record with three shorthanded playoff goals versus New York Rangers; Rangers 7-Islanders 6-Patrick Division Finals- Islanders hold 2-1 lead; Wayne Gretzky scores 7 goals. [1]
- Lynn Adams wins LPGA Combanks Orlando Golf Classic. [1]
- Baseball pitcher Nolan Ryan strikes out his 3,500th batter. [1]
- Grete Waltz runs female world record marathon (2:25:29). [1]
- April 18
- 12th Boston Women's Marathon won by Joan Benoit Samuelson in 2:22:43. [1]
- 87th Boston Marathon won by Greg Meyer of Massachusetts in 2:09:00. [1]
- April 22
- New York Rangers 2-New York Islanders 5-Patrick Division Finals-Islanders win series 4-2. [1]
- Start of first Sri Lanka-Australia Test Cricket match (at Kandy). [1]
- April 23
- David Hookes scores his only Test Cricket century, 143 versus Sri Lanka. [1]
- April 24
- Hollis Stacy wins LPGA S&H Golf Classic. [1]
- April 26
- San Antonio spurs beat Denver Nuggets 152-133 in NBA playoff game. [1]
- April 27
- Houston Astros' pitcher Nolan Ryan breaks Walter Johnson's 56-year old record by striking out Brad Mills for his 3,509th career strikeout. [1] [56]
- May 1
- Hollis Stacy wins LPGA CPC International Golf Tournament. [1]
- May 7
- 109th Kentucky Derby: Ed Delahoussaye on Sunny's Halo wins in 2:02.2. [1]
- Boston Bruins 4-New York Islanders 8-Wales Conference Championship-Isles win series 4-2. [1]
- May 8
- Janet Coles wins LPGA Lady Michelob Golf Tournament. [1]
- May 11
- Aberdeen FC wins the European Cup Winners Cup - beating Real Madrid 2-1 in the final played in Gothenburg, Sweden. [1] [115]
- May 13
- Reggie Jackson is first major league player to strike out 2,000 times. [1]
- May 14
- Rosa Mota runs female world record 20km (1:06:55.5). [1]
- May 15
- Lenore Muraoka wins LPGA United Virginia Bank Golf Classic. [1]
- May 17
- Stanley Cup: New York Islanders sweep Edmonton Oilers in four games. [1]
- May 20
- Michael Dokes and Mike Weaver fight to a draw in 15 rounds for heavyweight boxing title. [1]
- Philadelphia Phillies' Steve Carlton passes W Johnson with second-most strike outs. [1]
- Larry Holmes beats Tim Witherspoon in 12 rounds for heavyweight boxing title. [1]
- May 21
- 109th Preakness: Donald Miller Junior on Deputed Testamony wins in 1:55.4. [1]
- May 22
- Pat Bradley wins LPGA Chrysler-Plymouth Charity Golf Tournament. [1]
- Toronto Blue Jays' Cliff Johnson hits record 18th pinch hit homerun. [1]
- May 25
- Kirk Gibson (Detroit Tigers) and Jorge Orta (Toronto Blue Jays) hit inside park homeruns. [1]
- May 26
- Los Angeles Lakers set NBA playoff game record of fewest free throws. [1]
- 29th Walker Cup: US 13.5-Great Britain/Ireland 10.5. [1]
- May 28
- Hamburger ZV wins 28th Europe Cup 1 in Athens, Greece. [1]
- May 29
- Indianapolis 500: Tom Sneva wins his first race after three previous runner-up finishes. [115]
- Patty Sheehan wins LPGA Corning Golf Classic. [1]
- Yuri Dumchev of USSR throws discus a record 71.86 metres. [1]
- May 30
- American League president Lee MacPhail suspends New York Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner for one week, for his public criticism of umpires. [1]
- Surrey all out for 14 versus Essex, their lowest score ever. [1]
- May 31
- 37th NBA Championship: Philadelphia 76ers sweep Los Angeles Lakers in four games. [1]
- June 5
- Yannich Noah becomes first Frenchman to win French Open since WW II. [1]
- June 7
- Steve Carlton of the Philadelphia Phillies strikes out Lonnie Smith for his 3,522nd career strikeout to pass Nolan Ryan as the all-time strikeout leader. [56]
- June 8
- Charlos Vieira begins 191-hour "nonstop" cycling in Leiria, Portugal. [1]
- June 16
- Charlos Vieira completes 191-hour "nonstop" cycling in Leiria, Portugal. [1]
- June 20
- New York Yankees' Bobby Murcer retires. [1]
- June 22
- NHL institutes a 5-minute sudden death overtime period. [1]
- June 24
- Don Sutton becomes 8th pitcher to strikeout 3,000 batters. [1]
- June 25
- Udo Beyer of German Democratic Republic sets record for shot put, 22.22m. [1]
- India wins the Prudential Cup (Cricket World Cup). [115]
- July 1
- The 1983 World University Games, also known as Universiade '83, opens in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [894.48]
- July 3
- Calvin Smith of US becomes fastest man alive (9.93 seconds for 100 metre dash). [1]
- John McEnroe regains men's singles title at Wimbledon. [1]
- July 4
- New York Yankees' Dave Righetti no-hits the Boston Red Sox. [1]
- July 5
- New Jersey Devils purchase AHL Maine Mariners as their farm team. [1]
- July 6
- Fred Lynn of California Angels hits All-Star game first grand slam (American League wins 13-3). [1]
- July 24
- George Brett, batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident." [1] [5]
- July 26
- Jarmila Kratochvilova of Czech sets 800m woman's record (1:53.28). [1]
- July 29
- Steve Garvey ends his National League record 1,207 consecutive game streak. [1]
- July 30
- Weight lifter Sergei Didyk of USSR jerks a record 261kg. [1]
- July 31
- Brooks Robinson, Juan Marichal, George Kell and Walter Alston are inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. [56]
- August 6
- Minnesota Vikings beat Saint Louis Cardinals 28-10 in London, England (NFL expo). [1]
- August 7
- First World Track and Field Championships. [1]
- Grete Waitz of Norway wins first all-women Marathon (Helsinki, Finland). [1]
- August 19
- LSU football player Billy Cannon sentenced to five years for counterfeiting. [1]
- August 25
- Triple A baseball's Louisville breaks one million fan mark. [1]
- August 31
- Edwin Moses of USA sets the 400m hurdle record (47.02) in Koblenz. [1]
- September 4
- Greg LeMond becomes only American to win cycling's Road Championship. [1]
- Scott Michael Pellaton sets barefoot waterski speed record (119.36 mph). [1]
- September 9
- Vitas Gerulatis bets his house that Martina Navratilova can't beat the 100th ranked male tennis player. [1]
- September 11
- Franco Harris becomes third NFL player to rush 11,000 yards. [1]
- September 18
- New Orleans Saints' first overtime victory; beating Chicago Bears 34-31. [1]
- September 20
- 3,112 turn out to see the Pittsburgh Pirates play the New York Mets at Shea Stadium. [1]
- September 22
- Zhu Jianhau (China) sets high jump record at 7 feet 9.75 inches. [1]
- September 23
- Philadelphia Phillies' Steve Carlton wins his 300th game (beating Saint Louis Cardinals). [1]
- September 26
- Ali Haji-Sheikh kicks New York Giants' record 56-yard field goal. [1]
- Australia II wins America's Cup yacht race (first non-US winner). [1] [115]
- Saint Louis Cardinals' pitcher Bob Forsch second no-hitter beats Montreal Expos, 3-0. [1]
- September 29
- Oakland Athletics' Mike Warren no-hits Chicago White Sox, 3-0. [1]
- October 6
- Buffalo Bills' quarterback Joe Ferguson passes 419 yards with five touchdowns. [1]
- New York Islander's Mike Bossy's earns 25th career hat trick. [1]
- New York Jets announce they are leaving Shea Stadium for the Meadowlands Coliseum. [1]
- October 8
- The Philadelphia Phillies beat the Los Angeles Dodgers 7-2 to win the National League Championship Series. [56]
- Washington Capitals' first NHL overtime game losing to New York Islanders 8-7. [1]
- October 15
- Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs combine for fastest five goals in NHL hockey (84 seconds). [1]
- October 16
- The Baltimore Orioles defeat the Philadelphia Phillies in Game 5 of the World Series, 5-0, to win the series 4 games to 1 for their 3rd World Championship. [1] [115]
- November 4
- Washington Capitals' first NHL overtime victory beating Vancouver Canucks 5-4. [1]
- November 7
- Ali Haji-Sheikh kicks his second New York Giants' record 56-yard field goal. [1]
- November 12
- New Jersey Devils, first overtime game, lose to Calgary Flames 4-3. [1]
- November 15
- Mike Bossy scores 75th hat trick in New York Islanders' history. [1]
- November 20
- Cleveland Browns shutout New England Patriots 30-0. [1]
- New York Giants' Butch Woolfolk ties NFL record of 43 attempts rushing. [1]
- November 30
- Denver Nuggets' coach Doug Moe, hopelessly behind, advises team to let Portland Trail Blazers break their scoring record. [1]
- December 3
- 49th Heisman Trophy Award: Mike Rozier, Nebraska (Running Back). [1]
- December 4
- New Jersey Devils' make their first NHL hockey shut-out, beating Detroit Red Wings 6-0. [1]
- December 5
- Los Angeles Dodgers' pitcher Steve Howe is suspended for one year for cocaine use. [1]
- December 10
- 58th Australian Women's Tennis: M Navratilova beats K Jordan (6-2, 7-6). [1]
- Last NFL game at Shea Stadium; Pittsburgh Steelers beat New York Jets 34-7. [1]
- December 11
- Grêmio (Brazil) becomes the new soccer world champion, after beating Hamburger SV (Germany) by 2-1. [115]
- 72nd Australian Men's Tennis: Mats Wilander beats Ivan Lendl (6-1, 6-4, 6-4). [1]
- Jan Stephens/Fred Couples win LPGA J C Penney Golf Classic. [1]
- December 13
- The Denver Nuggets and the visiting Detroit Pistons combine for an NBA record 370 points, with Detroit winning in triple overtime, 186-184. [1] [115]
- New York Islander's Butch Goring scores four goals against Edmonton Oilers. [1]
- December 15
- Three Kansas City Royals' players suspended due to cocaine usage. [1]
- December 16
- Replacing Billy Martin, Yogi Berra is hired for the second time to manage the New York Yankees. [1] [56]
- December 18
- NBA San Diego Clippers end 29-game road losing streak. [1]
- December 19
- The original FIFA World Cup trophy, the Jules Rimet Trophy, is stolen from the headquarters of the Brazilian Football Confederation in Rio de Janeiro. [5]
- December 20
- Guy Lafleur, Montreal Canadians, becomes 10th NHL player to score 500 goals. [1]
- New York Islanders score their most goals (11) versus Pittsburgh Penguins. [1]
- December 21
- NBA Indiana Pacers end a 28-game road losing streak. [1]
- NCAA rules rescind last two-minute men's basketball free throw rule. [1]
- December 22
- New York Islanders score three shorthanded goals against Washington Capitals. [1]
- December 26
- Test Cricket debut of Gregory Richard John Matthews, versus Pakistan Melbourne Cricket Ground. [1]
- December 28
- 72nd Davis Cup: Australia beats Sweden in Melbourne (3-2). [1]
- Gavaskar achieves his 30th century, beating Donald Bradman's 29. [1]
- Warren Cromartie signs three year US$2.5 million contract with Yomiuri Giants. [1]
- December 29
- Gavaskar makes the highest Test Cricket score by an Indian, 236 versus West Indies. [1]
- Graeme Yallop completes 268 versus Pakistan at Melbourne Cricket Ground. [1]
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