Chronology of Space Exploration

Copyright © 2007-2024 Ken Polsson
internet e-mail: ken@kpolsson.com
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URL: http://kpolsson.com/space/

References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2023 December 20.


1985

January 7
  • Japanese space probe Sakigake launched to Halley's comet. [1]
January 24
  • 15th Space Shuttle (51-C) Mission, Discovery 3 is launched from Cape Canaveral with secret cargo, a surveillance satellite. [1] [849.69]
January 27
  • 15th Space Shuttle (51-C) Mission-Discovery 3 returns to Earth. [1]
March 22
  • NASA launches Intelsat VA. [1]
March 28
  • International Cometary Explorer measures solar wind ahead of Halley's Comet. [1]
April 12
  • 16th Shuttle Mission (51D)-Discovery 4 launched-with Senator Jake Garn. [1]
April 19
  • 16th Space Shuttle Mission (51-D)-Discovery 4 returns to Earth. [1]
April 29
  • 17th space shuttle mission (51-B)-Challenger 7 launched. [1]
May 6
  • 17th Space Shuttle Mission (51-B)-Challenger 7 lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1]
June 6
  • Soyuz T-13 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 7 space station. [1]
June 15
  • En route to Halley's Comet, USSR's Vega 2 drops lander on Venus. [1]
June 17
  • 18th Space Shuttle Mission (51-G)-Discovery 5 launched. [1]
June 24
  • 18th Space Shuttle Mission (51-G) - Discovery 5 - returns to Earth. Payload Specialist Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud completes being the first Arab and first Muslim in space. [1] [5] [85]
June 29
  • NASA launches Intelsat VA. [1]
July 2
  • European Space Agency launches Giotto to Halley's Comet. [1]
  • Proto launched to Halley's Comet. [1]

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July 19
  • U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger. [1] [85]
July 29
  • 19th Space Shuttle Mission (51-F)-Challenger 8-launched. [1]
August 2
  • NASA launches space vehicle S-209. [1]
August 6
  • 19th space shuttle mission (51-F), Challenger 8, lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1]
August 7
  • Takao Doi, Mamoru Mohri and Chiaki Mukai are chosen to be Japan's first astronauts. [85]
August 8
  • Japan launches Planet A, a probe to Halley's comet. [1]
August 19
  • Japan launches its second probe of Halley's Comet, Suisei. [1]
August 27
  • 20th Space Shuttle Mission (51-I) - Discovery 6 - launched. [1]
September 3
  • 20th Space Shuttle Mission (51-I) - Discovery 6 - returns to Earth. [1]
September 11
  • International Cometary Explorer (ISEE 3) passes Giacobini-Zinner by 7900 km. [1]
September 17
  • Soyuz T-14 carries three cosmonauts to Salyut 7 space station. [1]
September 28
  • NASA launches Intelsat VA. [1]
October 3
  • 21st Shuttle Mission (51J)-Atlantis 1-all-military flight launched. [1]
October 7
  • 21st Space Shuttle Mission (51-J)-Atlantis 1 lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1]
October 15
  • US space shuttle Columbia carries Spacelab into orbit. [1]
October 25
  • Kosmos 1700 communications satellite placed in geostationary orbit. [1]
October 30
  • Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off for mission STS-61-A, its final successful mission. [1] [5]
November 6
  • 22nd Space Shuttle Mission (61A) -Challenger 9- lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1]
November 18
  • Space shuttle Enterprise (OV-101) flies from Kennedy Space Center to Dulles Airport, Washington, DC, is and turned over to the Smithsonian Institution. [1]
November 26
  • 23rd Space Shuttle Mission (61-B)-Atlantis 2-is launched. [1]
December 3
  • 23rd Shuttle Mission (61-B)-Atlantis 2-lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1]
December 7
  • US space shuttle Atlantis returns to Kennedy Space Center via Kelly Air Force Base. [1]
December 12
  • NASA launches space vehicle S-207. [1]

1986

January 12
  • 24th space shuttle mission STS 61-C Columbia 7 is launched with the first Hispanic-American astronaut, Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz. [1] [84]
January 18
  • 24th Space Shuttle (61-C) Mission - Columbia 7 - returns to Earth. [1]
January 23
  • Space shuttle Columbia returns to Kennedy Space Center via Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. [1]
January 24
  • Voyager 2 space probe makes first fly-by of Uranus (81,593 km), finds new moons. [1] [84]
January 28
  • 25th Space Shuttle mission (51L) - Challenger 10 explodes 73 seconds after liftoff. Killed are: Christa McAuliffe (teacher), Dr Judith Arlene Resnik, US Air Force Major Ellison S Onizuka, US Air Force Francis R Scobee, payload specialist Gregory B. Jarvis, US Navy Commander Michael J Smith, Ronald E McNair. [1] [84] [129]
February 3
  • US President Ronald Reagan announces formation of Committee on Challenger Accident. [1]
February 9
  • Halley's Comet reaches 30th perihelion (closest approach to Sun). [1] [84]
February 19
  • USSR launches Mir space station into Earth orbit. [1] [5] [84]
February 24
  • Voyager 2, first Uranus fly-by. [1]
March 6
  • USSR's Vega 1 flies by Halley's Comet at 8,889 km. [1]
March 8
  • Japanese spacecraft Suisei flies by Halley's Comet, studying its ultraviolet hydrogen corona and solar wind. [1] [84]
March 9
  • United States Navy divers find the largely intact but heavily-damaged crew compartment of the Space Shuttle Challenger; the bodies of all seven astronauts are still inside. [1] [84]
  • Soviet probe Vega 2 flies by Halley's Comet at 8,030 km. [1]
March 11
  • Japanese probe Sakigake flies by Halley's Comet at 6.8 million km. [1]
March 13
  • Soyuz T-15 carries two cosmonauts to Soviet space station Mir. [1]
March 14
  • European Space Agency's Giotto flies by Halley's Comet (605 km). [1]
March 24
  • NASA publishes Strategy for Safely Returning the Space Shuttle to Flight Status. [1]
April 11
  • Halley's Comet makes closest approach to Earth this trip, 63 million km. [1]
April 18
  • Titan rocket explodes seconds after liftoff from Vandenberg Air Force Base. [1]
May 3
  • NASA launches Geos-G; it fails to achieve orbit. [1]
May 30
  • Ariane-2 (ESA) launched. [1]
June 3
  • E F Helin discovers asteroid #3767. [1]
June 9
  • The Rogers Commission report on space shuttle Challenger disaster blames Morton Thiokol. [1] [84]
July 8
  • NASA establishes Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance standards for space shuttle program. [1]
July 14
  • NASA releases plan to implement recommendations of Rogers commission. [1]
July 28
  • NASA releases transcript from doomed Challenger, pilot Michael Smith could be heard saying, "Uh-oh!" as spacecraft disintegrated. [1]
August 15
  • US President Ronald Reagan decides to support a replacement for the space shuttle Challenger. [1]
September 5
  • NASA awards study contracts to five aerospace firms. [1]
  • NASA launches DOD-1. [1]
September 10
  • Bryan O'Connor named chairman of US Space Flight Safety Panel. [1]
November 13
  • NASA launches space vehicle S-199. [1]
December 4
  • NASA launches Fltsatcom-7. [1]

1987

January 6
  • Astronomers at University of California see first sight of birth of a galaxy. [1]
February 5
  • Soyuz TM-2 launched. [1]
February 23
  • Supernova 1987A in LMC first seen; first naked-eye supernova since 1604. [1] [83]
February 24
  • At the Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, Canadian astronomer makes the first naked-eye sighting of a supernova since 1604. The supernova occurs in the Large Magellanic Cloud, 170,000 light-years away from Earth. [1588.19]
February 26
  • NASA launches GEOS-H. [1]
March 20
  • NASA launches Palapa B2P. [1]
March 26
  • NASA launches Fltsatcom-6, it fails to reach orbit. [1]
May 15
  • The Soviet Union launches the Polyus prototype orbital weapons platform, which fails to reach orbit. [1] [5]
June 23
  • W Landgraf discovers asteroid #3683 Baumann. [1]
June 28
  • E F Helin discovers asteroid #3680 Sasha. [1]
July 22
  • Soyuz TM-3 launched with three cosmonauts (one Syrian). [1]
July 25
  • USSR launches Kosmos 1870, 15-ton Earth-study satellite. [1]
July 31
  • Rockwell International awarded contract to build a 5th space shuttle. [1]
August 3
  • US Space Shuttle Discovery in Orbital Processing Facility is powered up for STS-26. [1]
August 10
  • Flight Readiness Firing of Space Shuttle Discovery's main engines is successful. [1]
August 24
  • Announcement of possible Martian tornadoes. [1]
September 16
  • NASA launches space vehicle S-209. [1]
December 21
  • Soyuz TM-4 carries three cosmonauts (Musa Manarov, Anatoly Levchenko, and Vladimir Titov) to space station Mir. [1]

1988

February 8
  • NASA launches DOD-2. [1]
March 15
  • NASA reports accelerated breakdown of ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons. [1]
March 25
  • NASA launches space vehicle S-206. [1]
April 15
  • Meteorite explodes above Indonesia. [1]
April 25
  • NASA launches space vehicle S-211. [1]
June 15
  • First launch of the European Space Program of the Ariane rocket. [37]
  • NASA launches space vehicle S-213. [1]
July 7
  • Soviet Union launches Phobos 1 to probe Martian moon (unsuccessful). [1]
July 12
  • USSR launches Phobos II for Martian orbit. [1]
July 21
  • ESA's Ariane-3 launches two communications satellites (one Indian). [1]
July 29
  • Judge orders NASA to release unedited tape from Challenger cockpit. [1]
August 8
  • Discovery of most distant galaxy (15 * 10^12 light years away) announced. [1]
August 25
  • NASA launches space vehicle S-214. [1]
August 29
  • USSR launches three cosmonauts (Valery Polyakav, one Afghan) to station Mir. [1]
September 6
  • Crippled Soviet Soyuz TM-5 lands safely with two cosmonauts aboard. [1]
September 19
  • Israel launches its first satellite, for secret military reconnaissance. [1]
September 29
  • NASA resumes space shuttle flights, grounded after the Challenger disaster, with the 26th Space Shuttle mission, Discovery 7. Challenger disaster, with Space Shuttle Discovery. [1] [82]
October 3
  • 26th Space Shuttle Mission, Discovery 7 returns to Earth after four days. [1]
November 15
  • In the Soviet Union, the unmanned space shuttle Buran is launched by an Energia rocket on its maiden orbital spaceflight (the first and last space flight for the shuttle). [1] [82]
November 26
  • Alexander Volkov, Sergei Krikalev, and Jean-Loup Chretien launch into space. [1]
  • Pioneer 6's closest approach to Earth since 1965 launch (1.87 million km). [1]
December 5
  • Shuttle Atlantis (STS-27) launches world's first nuclear-war-fighting satellite. [1]
December 6
  • STS-27 Atlantis lands in California after secret mission. [1]
December 19
  • NASA unveils plans for lunar colony and manned missions to Mars. [1]
December 21
  • Vladimir Titov, Anatoly Levchenko, and Musa Manarov return to Earth (after a year) with Chretien. [1]

1989

January 4
  • Comet Tempel 1 at perihelion. [1]
January 16
  • USSR announces plan for two-year manned mission to Mars. [1]
January 18
  • Astronomers discover pulsar in remnants of Supernova 1987A (LMC). [1]
January 29
  • USSR's Phobos II enters Mars orbit. [1]
February 1
  • Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 at perihelion. [1]
February 14
  • The first of 24 Global Positioning System satellites is placed into orbit. [43] [457]
  • World's first satellite Skyphone opens. [1]
February 17
  • Six-week study of Arctic atmosphere shows no ozone "hole". [1]
February 20
  • Total eclipse of the Moon. [1]
March 1
  • Comet du Toit at perihelion. [1]
March 7
  • Partial eclipse of the Sun (Hawaii, North West North America, Greenland). [1]
March 13
  • 27th US space shuttle mission, STS-29, Discovery 8, launched. [1]
March 18
  • 27th space shuttle mission, STS-29 (Discovery 8), returns to Earth. [1]
March 22
  • Asteroid 4581 Asclepius approaches the Earth at a distance of 700,000 kilometres. [43]
March 23
  • A 300m (1,000 feet) diameter Near-Earth asteroid misses the Earth by 500,000km (400,000 miles). [43]
March 25
  • Birth of Chicken Kentucky, first partial birth in space (chicken). [1]
March 29
  • First US private commercial rocket takes suborbital test flight (New Mexico). [1]
May 4
  • US launches Magellan to Venus. [1]
  • US space shuttle STS-30 launched. [1]
May 8
  • US space shuttle STS-30 lands. [1]
June 18
  • Comet Churyunov-Gerasimenko at perihelion. [1]
June 30
  • NASA closes down tracking stations in Santiago, Chile, and Guam. [1]
August 2
  • NASA confirms Voyager 2's discovery of three more moons of Neptune designated temporarily 1989 N2, 1989 N3 and 1989 N24. [1]
August 8
  • STS-28: Space Shuttle Columbia takes off on a secret five-day military mission. [1] [43]
August 9
  • The asteroid 4769 Castalia is the first asteroid directly imaged by radar from Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. [43]
August 11
  • Voyager 2 discovers two partial rings of Neptune. [1]
August 13
  • US space shuttle STS-28 lands. [1]
August 21
  • Voyager 2 begins a flyby of the planet Neptune. [1]
August 22
  • The first complete ring around Neptune is discovered. [1] [5]
August 25
  • Voyager 2 flies past Neptune. [1] [43] (August 24 [5])
September 30
  • NASA closes down tracking stations in Hawaii and Ascension. [1]
October 18
  • US 62nd manned space mission STS 34 (Atlantis 5) launches into orbit. [1]
October 23
  • US 62nd manned space mission STS 34 (Atlantis 5) returns from space. [1]
November 22
  • Conjunction of Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn and the Moon. [1]
  • US 63rd manned space mission STS 33 (Discovery 9) launches into orbit. [1]
November 27
  • US 63rd manned space mission STS 33 (Discovery 9) returns from space. [1]

End of 1985-1989. Next: 1990.

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A list of references to all source material is available.


Last updated: 2023 December 20.
Copyright © 2007-2024 Ken Polsson (email: ken@kpolsson.com).
URL: http://kpolsson.com/space/
Link to Ken P's home page.

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