References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

1916 January 1 First issue of "Journal of Negro History" published. [1] January 5 Austria-Hungary offensive against Montenegro. [1] January 7 German troops conquer Fort Vaux at Verdun. [1] January 10 Russian offensive in Kaukasus. [1] January 11 French troops capture/Serbian army flees to Corfu. [1] January 12 Britain proclaims Gilbert and Ellice Island colony in the Pacific. [1] January 14 Dutch South Sea dike cracks. [1] Otto Ammon German anthropologist/sociologist, dies at age 73. [1] January 16 Arnold Aletrino Dutch physician-criminologist (From Death), dies at age 57. [1] January 22 Iwan Knorr composer, dies at age 63. [1] January 23 Temp falls from 44 degrees F (7 degrees C) to -56 degrees F (49 degrees C) night of 23-24, Browning MT. [1] January 25 Montenegro surrenders to Austria-Hungary. [1] January 27 Communist party "Spartacus Letters" first published in Berlin. [1] January 28 First Jewish Supreme Court justice, Louis Brandeis, nominated. [1] German colony of Cameroon surrenders to Britain and France. [1] The opera "Goyescas" is first performed (New York City New York). [1] January 29 First bombings of Paris by German Zeppelins takes place. [1] Edward Hubertus Joannes Keurvils composer, dies at age 62. [1] January 31 Dutch Girl Guides form. [1] February 1 Anton Simon composer, dies at age 65. [1] February 3 Canada's original Parliament building, in Ottawa, burns down. [1] Tristan Tzar publishes Dada-manifest in Zurich Switzerland. [1] February 5 Enrico Caruso recorded "O Sole Mio" for the Victor Talking Machine Company. [1] February 6 Anne C A I van Diest Belgian physician/feminist, dies at age 73. [1] February 8 French cruiser "Admiral Charner" torpedoed off Syrian coast, kills 374. [1] February 9 Britain's military service act enforced (conscription). [1] Hynek Ignac Frantisek Vojacek composer, dies at age 90. [1] February 10 Conscription begins in Britain. [1] February 11 Baltimore Symphony Orchestra presents its first concert. [1] Emma Goldman arrested for lecturing on birth control. [1] February 12 First edition of Joseph Patterson/Sidney Smith strip "Gumps". [1] J W Richard Dedekind German mathematician, dies. [1] February 14 Petko J Todorov Bulgaria writer (Zmejova), dies at age 36. [1] February 15 Nikolay Nikolayevich Lodizhensky composer, dies at age 73. [1] February 16 Jeltje de Bosch Kemper Dutch feminist, dies at age 79. [1] Russian troops conquer Erzurum Armenia. [1] [Gerard] Jan Ligthart Dutch educator (Ot and Sien), dies at age 57. [1] February 17 Romberg/Hanley/Atteridge/Smith' musical premieres in New York City, New York. [1] February 19 Ernst Mach Austrian physicist/philosopher/psychologist, dies at age 78. [1] February 20 Klas Pontus Arnoldson Swedish politician (Nobel Prize 1908), dies at age 71. [1] February 21 Battle of Verdun (WWI) begins (one million casualties). [1] February 23 US Congress authorizes McKinley Memorial $1 gold coin. [1] French artillery kills entire French 72nd division at Samogneux Verdun. [1] George Clement Martin composer, dies at age 71. [1] February 25 German troops conquer Fort Douaumont near Verdun. [1] February 26 Germans sink French transport ship Provence II, killing 930. [1] Mutual signs Charlie Chaplin to a film contract. [1] Russian troops conquer Kermansjah Persia. [1] February 28 Henry James US/British writer (Bostonians), dies in London at age 72. [1] February 29 Edward H J Keurvels Flemish conductor/composer (Parisina), dies at age 62. [1] March 1 Germany begins attacking ships in the Atlantic. [1] March 2 Elisabeth OL [Carmen Sylva], Queen of Romania, dies at age 72. [1] March 4 Franz Marc German painter/co-founder (Blaue Reiter), killed at age 36. [1] March 8 US invades Cuba for third time, this to end corrupt Menocal regime. [1] March 9 General Francisco "Pancho" Villa leads Mexican band raid on Columbus, New Mexico (17 killed). [1] Germany declares war against Portugal. [1] March 12 French airship sinks British submarine D3. [1] M v Ebner-Eschenbach writer, dies at age 39. [1] March 14 Battle of Verdun: German attack on Mort-Homme ridge, West of Verdun. [1] March 15 General Pershing, 15,000 troops chasing Villa into Mexico, stays 10-months. [1] University of Gent goes under Dutch control. [1] March 16 James Barries' "Kiss for Cinderella" premieres in London. [1] US and Canada sign Migratory bird treaty. [1] March 20 Allies attack Zeebrugge Belgium. [1] March 21 JP Van Limburg Stirum succeeds AWF Idenburg as Governor-General of Netherland Indies. [1] Victor de Stuers Dutch art expert, dies at age 72. [1] March 24 Enrique y Campina Granados Sp opera composer (Goyescas), drowns at age 48. [1] March 26 Birdman of Alcatraz receives solitary. [1] March 31 Dutch government ends all military engagements. [1] April 1 Gabrielle Petit Belgian resistance fighter, executed. [1] April 2 German troops overtake Bois de Caillette. [1] April 4 US Senate agrees (82-6) to participate in WWI. [1] April 5 Birth of Bernard Baily comic artist. [1] French troops occupy Bois de Caillette. [1] April 6 German parliament OKs unrestricted submarine warfare. [1] April 8 Norway approves active and passive female suffrage. [1] April 9 Vicente Goicoechea Errasti composer, dies at age 62. [1] April 11 Richard Harding Davis journalist, dies at age 52. [1] April 15 Alfred Cogniaux Belgian botanist, dies at age 75. [1] April 19 "Bing Boys are Here" opens in London. [1] Italians troops conquer Colonel di Lana at Merano. [1] April 20 German-British sea battle off Belgian coast. [1] April 22 France battles at Fort Douaumont. [1] April 23 Lord Dunsany's "Night at an Inn", premieres in New York City. [1] April 24 Easter rebellion of Irish against British occupation begins. [1] April 29 Irish nationalists set post office on fire in Dublin. [1] May 2 Second Ave and Bronx Terrace renamed Bronx Boulevard; Seward Place renamed Sycamore Ave; Herald Ave renamed Dickinson Ave; Monroe and Selwyn Avenue named. [1] US President Wilson signs Harrison Drug Act. [1] May 3 Pádraic Pearse Irish nationalist, executed by British firing squad. [1] May 4 At request of US, Germany curtails its submarine warfare. [1] May 5 US marines invade Dominican Republic, stay until 1924. [1] May 6 Belgian troop march into Kigali, German East-Africa. [1] Dirk Bos Dutch Member of Parliament (Liberal), dies at age 53. [1] Earl Ross Drake composer, dies at age 50. [1] May 8 German munitions bunker in Fort Douaumont explodes. [1] May 9 British-France Sykes-Picot meet over division of Turkey. [1] May 10 Disastrous fire in Ellendale ND. [1] Historic Shipport Museum opens in Amsterdam. [1] May 11 Einstein's Theory of General Relativity presented. [1] Karl Schwarzschild German astronomer (s-effect), dies. [1] Max [Johann] Reger German composer/pianist/organist, dies at age 43. [1] May 13 First observance of Indian (Native American) Day. [1] Sholem Aleichem yiddish writer (Fiddler on the Roof), dies. [1] May 15 Asiago Italy falls when Austrian troops attack the Italian front. [1] May 17 British Summer Time (Daylight Savings), first introduced. [1] Gervais Bernard Gaston Salvayre composer, dies at age 68. [1] May 18 US pilot Kiffin Rockwell shoots down German aircraft. [1] May 19 Escadrille Américaine (Lafayette) transfered to Verdun. [1] May 20 Codell Kansas hit by tornado (also on same date in 1917 and 1918). [1] The Saturday Evening Post publishes its first cover with a Norman Rockwell painting. [1] [5] May 21 Britain begins "Summer Time" (Daylight Savings Time). [1] May 22 French troops occupy parts of Fort Douaumont Verdun. [1] May 23 Heavy battles at Fort Douaumont Verdun. [1] May 24 Conscription begins in Britain. [1] French driven out of Fort Douaumont after 500 killed or injured. [1] Last British-Indian contract workers arrive in Suriname. [1] US pilot William Thaw shoots down a German Fokker. [1] May 27 Groundbreaking begins on Hugh Grant Circle in the Bronx. [1] Joseph S Galliéni General/Military Governor of Paris, dies. [1] May 29 Official flag of President of US adopted. [1] US forces invade Dominican Republic, stay until 1924. [1] May 31 (to June 1) Battle of Jutland: British-German sea battle off Denmark (10,000 dead). British battle cruiser Invincible explodes, killing all aboard but six. [1] [118.9] Horace Hood British spy (Battle of Jutland), dies in battle. [1] June 3 ROTC established by Act of US Congress. [1] June 5 Horatio H Kitchener British General (Sudan), dies at age 65. [1] June 10 Great Arab Revolt begin. [1] June 16 Boston Brave's Tom Hughes second no-hitter beats Pitts, 2-0. [1] June 29 Boeing aircraft flies for first time. [1] July 1 Eisenhower marries Mary 'Mamie' Geneva Doud in Denver Colo. [1] July 3 First of three fatal shark attacks occurred near New Jersey shore (4 die). [1] July 9 First cargo submarine to cross the Atlantic arrives in US from Germany. [1] July 11 First federal grant-in-aid for state roads enacted. [1] July 15 22.22" of rain falls in Altapass North Carolina. [1] July 22 A bomb goes off during a Preparedness Day parade in San Francisco killing 10. [1] July 25 Explosion at Lake Erie and Cleveland Waterworks. [1] July 30 G Neujmin discovers asteroid #951 Gaspra. [1] German saboteurs blow up a munitions plant on Black Tom Island, New Jersey. [1] August 1 Hawaii National Park established. [1] August 4 US agrees to buy Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million. [1] August 25 National Park Service established in the Dept of the Interior. [1] August 26 Philadelphia Athletics Bullet Joe Bush no-hits Cleve, 5-0. [1] August 28 Italy declares war against Germany during WW I. [1] August 29 Steamer 'Hsin Iu' sinks off China coast, 1,000 drown. [1] August 30 Boston's Dutch Leonard no-hits Saint Louis Browns, 4-0. [1] Paul Von Hindenburg becomes chief-of-General-Staff in Germany. [1] September 1 Keating-Owen Act (child labor banned from interstate commerce). [1] September 3 Allies turned back Germans in WW I's Battle of Verdun. [1] September 14 Christy Mathewson pitches and wins his final game. [1] September 15 First tank used in war, "Little Willies" at Battle of Flors, France. [1] October 4 Market Street's "Path of Gold" lit for first time. [1] October 16 Margaret Sanger opens first birth control clinic (46 Amboy Street, Brooklyn). [1] October 26 Margaret Sanger arrested for obscenity (advocating birth control). [1] October 27 First published reference to "jazz" appears (Variety). [1] November 3 Treaty establishes British suzerainty over Qatar. [1] November 7 Jeannette Rankin (Montana-Republican-Representative) first woman Representative. [1] Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) re-elected President. [1] November 21 Britannic passenger liner strikes a mine and sinks off the coast of Greece; 30 dead. [117.44] Franz Josef of Austria, dies. [1] November 29 US declares martial law in Dominican Republic. [1] December 1 Charles E Vicomte de Foucauld French explorer, dies at age 58. [1] December 2 Francesco Paolo Tosti composer, dies at age 69. [1] December 5 Hans Richter composer, dies at age 73. [1] December 6 German army under General Mackensen occupies Bucharest. [1] December 7 British government of David Lloyd George forms. [1] David Lloyd George replaces resigning H H Asquith as British Prime Minister. [1] December 9 P Paul Leroy-Beaulieu French economist (Economist France), dies at age 73. [1] December 11 David Lloyd George forms British war government. [1] December 13 Avalanche kills 10,000 Austrian and Italian troops in 24 hours in Tyrol. [1] Esme Stuart Lennox Robinsons premieres in Dublin. [1] French chief of staff Joffre replaced by Nivelle. [1] December 15 French defeat Germans in WWI Battle of Verdun. [1] December 16 Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin a powerful Russian monk is murdered at age 45. [1] December 19 Suriname Bauxite Company forms in Paramaribo. [1] December 20 Manuel Giro composer, dies at age 68. [1] William Wallace Gilchrist composer, dies at age 70. [1] December 26 Bernhard Scholz composer, dies at age 81. [1] Joseph Joffre becomes marshal of France. [1] December 27 Nikolay Feopemptovich Solov'yov composer, dies at age 70. [1] December 28 Eduard Strauss Austrian composer (318 dances), dies at age 81. [1] December 31 Ernst Rudorff composer, dies at age 76. [1]