- February 21
- Pavel P Gagarin Russian monarch/politician, dies at age 82. [1]
- February 22
- First national convention of the Prohibition Party (Columbus Ohio). [1]
- Labor Reform Party formed at Columbus Ohio. [1]
- March 1
- Yellowstone National Park (world's first national park) is established under the act signed into law by President Ulysses Grant. [1] [415.4] [444.38] [549.4]
- March 5
- George Westinghouse Jr patents triple air brake for trains. [1] [5]
- March 7
- -8 degrees F in Boston Massachusetts. [1]
- March 10
- Giuseppe Mazzini Italian revolutionary (Giovane Italy), dies at age 66. [1]
- March 22
- Illinois becomes first state to require sexual equality in employment. [1]
- March 26
- In Owens Valley, California, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. [1] [53]
- Thomas J Martin patents fire extinguisher. [1]
- March 30
- Nicolaos Mantzaros composer, dies at age 76. [1]
- April 1
- First edition of The Standard. [1]
- April 2
- George B Brayton patents gasoline powered engine. [1]
- April 9
- Samuel R Percy patents dried milk. [1]
- April 10
- First National black convention meets in New Orleans. [1]
- Arbor day first celebrated in Nebraska, later changed to April 22. [1]
- April 12
- Jesse James gang robs bank in Columbia Kentucky (one dead/$1,500). [1]
- April 14
- Dominion Lands Act passed-Canada's Homestead Act. [1]
- San Francisco organizes Bar Association. [1]
- April 20
- Ljudwit Gaj Croatian writer/poet (Pjesma iz Zagorja), dies at age 62. [1]
- San Francisco Bar Association organized. [1]
- April 24
- Volcano Vesuvius erupts. [1]
- April 27
- Ion Heliade-Radulescu Romanian politician/author, dies at age 70. [1]
- May 1
- Amalia princess of Weimar/wife of prince Hendrik the Navigator, dies. [1]
- May 15
- Thomas Hastings composer, dies at age 87. [1]
- May
- White Star Line's Adriatic sets a westward Atlantic record crossing of 7 days, 23 hours, 17 minutes. [274.11]
- May 16
- Metropolitan Gas Company lamps lit for first time. [1]
- May 17
- Bohemian Club incorporated. [1]
- Fryderyk Edward Sobolewski composer, dies at age 63. [1]
- May 19
- Johan van Dale schoolmaster (New Dutch Language Wordbook), dies at age 44. [1]
- May 22
- Amnesty Act restores civil rights to Southerners (except for 500). [1]
- May 24
- Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld painter, dies. [1]
- May 30
- Mahlon Loomis patents wireless telegraphy. [1]
- June 5
- Republican National Convention meets (Philadelphia). [1]
- June 18
- Woman's Sufferage Convention held at Merchantile Liberty Hall. [1]
- July 9
- Doughnut cutter patented by John Blondel, Thomaston, Maine. [1]
- July 18
- Britain introduces secret ballot voting. [1]
- July 31
- C H F Peters discovers asteroids #122 Gerda and #123 Brunhild. [1]
- August 23
- First Japanese commercial ship visits San Francisco, California, carrying tea. [1]
- October 19
- World's largest gold nugget (215 kg) is found in New South Wales, Australia. [1] [555.30]
- October 21
- The Treaty of Washington is signed by Canada and the USA, settling the "Pig War" of 1859, establishing the final boundary between the USA and Canada, granting the USA sole and permanent possession of San Juan Island, south of Vancouver Island. [391.32]
- November 5
- Susan B Anthony fined $100 for trying to vote for Ulysses S Grant. [1]
- November 7
- Mary Celeste sails from New York to Genoa; found abandoned four weeks later. [1]
- November 9
- Fire destroys nearly 1,000 buildings in Boston. [1]
- November 29
- Cornelius Krieghoff Canadian, dies. [1]
- December 7
- HMS Challenger sets sail on 3.5-year world oceanographic cruise. [1]
- December 12
- Willem A Schimmelpenninck van der Oye Dutch politician, dies at age 72. [1]
- December 13
- Helena Beeloo, Hague's maid, murdered by Henry Jut. [1]
- December 15
- Near Lake Chelan, Washington, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. [53]
- December 26
- 4th largest snowfall in New York City history (18"). [1]
- December 31
- The casinos of Homburg, Germany, operate for the last time, shutting down on order of the Prussian government. [80.295] [187.199,213]
1873
- January 1
- Origin of Japanese Era. [1]
- January 3
- John Lodge Ellerton composer, dies at age 71. [1]
- January 6
- Pope Pius IX encyclical "On the Church in Armenia". [1]
- US Congress begins investigating Crédit Mobilier scandal. [1]
- January 11
- First livestock market newspaper published, Drover's Journal, Chicago. [1]
- January 13
- PBS Pinchback relinquishes office at Louisiana Governor. [1]
- January 14
- "Celluloid" registered as a trademark. [1]
- P B S Pinchback elected to Senate. [1]
- January
- White Star Line's Baltic sets an eastward Atlantic record crossing of 7 days, 20 hours, 9 minutes. [274.11]
- January 22
- Britains SS Northfleet sinks at Dungeness England, 300 die. [1]
- January 28
- Henry Hugo Pierson composer, dies at age 57. [1]
- February 1
- Matthew Maury hydrographer, dies. [1]
- February 11
- Spanish Cortes fires king Amadeus I. [1]
- February 13
- Petrus AS van Limburg Brouwer [Abraham van Luik], literary, dies. [1]
- February 14
- Charles Samvei Bovy-Lysberg composer, dies at age 52. [1]
- February 20
- University of California gets its first Medical School (University of California/San Francisco). [1]
- February 27
- Dutch socialist Samuel van Wooden demands law against child labor. [1]
- March 3
- US Congress authorizes federal departmental postage stamps. [1]
- US Congress and government raise own salary, retroactively. [1]
- March 4
- New York Daily Graphic, first illustrated daily newspaper in US, published. [1]
- March 5
- Marie-Alexis Castillon de Saint-Victor composer, dies at age 34. [1]
- March 9
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police founded. [1]
- March 20
- Adolfe Louis Eugene Fetis composer, dies at age 52. [1]
- March 22
- Slavery is abolished in Puerto Rico. [1]
- March 29
- Puerto Rican government decrees the freedom of about 29,000 slaves. [486.94]
- March 30
- Benedict Augustin Morel psychologist (dementia praecox), dies at age 63. [1]
- April 1
- British White Star passenger steamship Atlantic sinks in a storm off Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 585 die. [1] [71.28]
- Mehmed Kemal's play Vatan premeres in Constantinople. [1]
- April 13
- Carlo Coccia composer, dies at age 90. [1]
- Colfax Massacre in Grant Parish Los Angeles (60 blacks killed). [1]
- April 17
- Semyon Stepanovich Gulak-Artemovsky composer, dies at age 60. [1]
- April 18
- Justus Freiherr von Liebig German chemist, dies at age 69. [1]
- In Rotterdam, Netherlands, the Netherlands-America Steamship Company (Nederlandsch-Amerikaansche Stoomvaart Maatschappij) begins operations. (later renamed Holland America Line) [76]
- April 25
- Walter de la Mare English poet/author (Behold the Dreamer), dies at age 43. [1]
- May 1
- First US postal card issued. [1]
- David Livingstone, British physician/explorer (Africa), dies at age 60. [1] [5]
- Emperor Franz Jozef opens 5th World's Fair in Wien (Vienna). [1]
- May 7
- US marines attack Panamá. [1]
- May 8
- John Stuart Mill great Empiricist philosopher, dies at age 66. [1]
- May 13
- Kaspar Masek composer, dies at age 79. [1]
- May 15
- Alexander J Cuza monarch of Moldavia/Romania, dies at age 53. [1]
- May 20
- Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a US patent for "Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings", work pants reinforced with metal rivets, marking the birth of blue jeans. [5] [129]
- May 22
- Alessandro Manzoni writer, dies at age 88. [1]
- May 23
- Canada's North West Mounted Police Force (RCMPF) forms. [1]
- Postal cards sold in San Francisco for first time. [1]
- May 24
- Leo Delibes' opera "Le Roi l'a Dit" premieres in Paris France. [1]
- May 26
- August Conradi composer, dies at age 51. [1]
- June 2
- Ground broken on Clay Steet (San Francisco) for world's first cable railroad. [1]
- June 13
- J C Watson discovers asteroid #132 Aethra. [1]
- June 18
- Susan B Anthony fined $100 for attempting to vote for President. [1]
- June 22
- Prince Edward Island joins Canada. [1]
- July 1
- Henry Flipper of Georgia is second black to enter West Point. [1]
- Prince Edward Island becomes 7th Canadian province. [1]
- July 4
- Aquarium opens in Woodward Gardens. [1]
- July 21
- Jesse James makes his first train robbery. [1]
- August 1
- San Francisco's first cable car begins service. [1]
- August 2
- First trial run of San Francisco cable car, Clay Street between Kearny and Jones. [1]
- August 14
- "Forest and Stream" begins publishing. [1]
- August 18
- First ascent of Mount Whitney, California (14,494 feet). [1]
- September 6
- Regular Cable Car service begins on Clay Street. [1]
- September 17
- Nineteen students attend opening class at Ohio State University. [1]
- September 19
- Black Friday: Jay Cooke and Company fails, causing a securities panic. [1]
- September 20
- Panic on New York Stock Exchange as railroad bonds default and bank failures lead to ten-day New York bank holiday. [1] [437.80]
- November 4
- Dentist John Beers of San Francisco patents the gold crown. [1]
- December 6
- Manuel Acuña Mexican poet (Ante un Cadáver), dies at age 24. [1]
- December 14
- J Louis R Agassiz Swiss geologist/paleo-biologist), dies. [1]
- December 30
- American Metrological Society forms (New York City, New York) weights, measures and money. [1]
1874
- January 1
- New York City annexes the Bronx. [1]
- January 13
- Battle between jobless and police in New York City, New York, 100s injured. [1]
- US troops land in Honolulu to protect the king. [1]
- January 14
- I D Shadd elected Speaker of the lower house of the Mississippi legislature. [1]
- January 17
- Armed Democrats seize Texas government ending Radical Reconstruction. [1]
- Chang and Eng Bunker Chinese/Thai Siamese twins, die at age 62. [1]
- January 19
- H v Fallersleben writer, dies at age 75. [1]
- January 21
- Franz Grillparzer's "Libussa" premieres in Vienna. [1]
- January 24
- General J van Swieten conquers Kraton Atjeh, after 1000's die. [1]
- Mussorgsky's opera "Boris Godunov" premieres in Saint Petersburg Russia. [1]
- January 31
- Jesse James gang robs train at Gads Hill Missouri. [1]
- February 8
- David F Strauss German theologist, dies at age 66. [1]
- February 9
- Jules Michelet French historian (History of France), dies at age 75. [1]
- February 12
- King David Kalakaua of Sandwich Island Hawaii, is first king to visit US. [1]
- February 17
- [Lambert] Adolphe J Quetelet Belgian astronomer/sociologist, dies at age 77. [1]
- February 21
- Benjamin Disraeli replaces William Gladstone as English premier. [1]
- Oakland Daily Tribune begins publication. [1]
- February 24
- Anselmo Clave composer, dies at age 49. [1]
- March 10
- Purdue University (Indiana) admits its first student. [1]
- March 11
- Charles Sumner a white civil rights leader, dies at age 63. [1]
- March 20
- Hans Christian Lumbye composer, dies at age 63. [1]
- March 21
- US Grant's daughter Nellie marries in the White House. [1]
- March 22
- Young Men's Hebrew Association is founded in New York City, New York. [1]
- April 5
- Johann Strauss Sr's opera "Die Fledermaus", premieres in Vienna. [1]
- April 14
- Hermanus J Abbring Dutch author/engineer on Curaçao, dies at age 86. [1]
- April 15
- New York legislature passes compulsory education law. [1]
- April 16
- Dr David Livingstones corpse arrives in Southampton. [1]
- April 18
- David Livingstone buried in Westminster Abbey. [1]
- April 19
- Barracks on Alcatraz Island destroyed in fire. [1]
- Owen Jones architect, dies. [1]
- April 27
- White League, Paramilitary white supremacist organization, forms. [1]
- May 1
- Vilem Blodek composer, dies at age 39. [1]
- May 5
- Dutch second Chamber passes child labor law. [1]
- May 9
- The first horse-drawn omnibus makes its debut in the city of Mumbai. [5]
- Victoria Embankment, in London opens. [1]
- May 12
- US Assay Office in Helena Montana authorized. [1]
- May 13
- Pope Pius IX encyclical "On the Greek-Ruthenian rite". [1]
- May 16
- First recorded dam disaster in US (Williamsburg Massachusetts). [1]
- May 20
- Levi Strauss markets blue jeans with copper rivets, price US$13.50 per dozen. [1]
- May 29
- Present constitution of Switzerland takes effect. [1]
- June 20
- First US Lifesaving Medal awarded (Lucian Clemons). [1]
- June 22
- Dr Andrew T Sill, of Macon, Missouri, finds science of osteopathy. [1]
- Howard Staunton world chess champion, designer of chess pieces, dies. [1]
- June 28
- Freedmen's Bank closes. [1]
- June 30
- In Chin-kuei Shan and Ming-tung Li, China, huge stones fall, crushing a cottage, killing one child. [521]
- July 1
- First US kidnapping for ransom, 4-year-old Charles Ross, $20,000. [1]
- July 4
- Social Democratic Workmen's Party of North America formed. [1]
- July 12
- Ontario Agricultural College founded. [1]
- July 31
- Patrick Francis Healy, SJ, inaugurated as president of Georgetown University. [1]
- August 26
- Sixteen blacks lynched in Tennessee. [1]
- September 1
- Sydney General Post Office opens in Australia. [1]
- September 15
- The first postal congress convenes in Berne, Switzerland. Representatives of 21 nations attend, to implement principles reached at Paris Postal Conference in 1863. (Agreement is reached after 24 days.) [653.69]
- October 10
- Fiji becomes a British possession. [1]
- November 3
- James Theodore Holly, elected bishop of Haiti. [1]
- November 7
- First cartoon depicting elephant as Republican Party symbol, by T Nast. [1]
- November 9
- Israel Bak created first hebrew printing press, dies. [1]
- November 18
- National Woman's Christian Temperance Union organizes in Cleveland. [1]
- November 19
- William Marcy "Boss" Tweed, of Tammany Hall (New York City) convicted of defrauding the city of $6M, sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment. [1]
- November 24
- Joseph F Glidden patents barbed wire. [1]
- December 15
- First reigning king to visit US (of Hawaii) received by President Grant. [1]
- December 16
- Abraham Capadose physician/missionary, dies at age 79. [1]
- December 22
- Johann Peter Pixis composer, dies at age 86. [1]
- December 24
- Pope Pius IX proclaims a jubilee for 1875. [1]
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