- February 20
- In Chile, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake occurs. Extreme damage to Concepción. [1] [53]
- February 22
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin leave Valdivia Chile. [1]
- February 24
- Siwinowe Kesibwi (Shawnee Sun) is first Indian language monthly magazine. [1]
- February 28
- Dr Elias Lönnrot publishes Finnish poem "Kalevala". [1]
- March 3
- US Congress establishes Branch Mints at Charlotte, North Carolina; Dahlonega, Georgia; and New Orleans, Louisiana, and establishes practice of using Mint marks on US coinage. [1] [481.62] [512.91] [516.92]
- March 4
- HMS Beagle moves into Bay of Concepción. [1]
- March 7
- HMS Beagle returns from Concepción to Valparaiso. [1]
- March 11
- HMS Beagle anchors off Valparaiso, Chile. [1]
- March 13
- Charles Darwin departs Valparaiso for Andes crossing. [1]
- March 18
- Charles Darwin departs Santiago Chile on his way to Portillo Pass. [1]
- March 21
- Charles Darwin and Mariano Gonzales meet at Portillo Pass. [1]
- March 23
- Charles Darwin reaches Los Arenales, in the Andes. [1]
- March 25
- Friederike Blum writer, dies. [1]
- April 10
- Charles Darwin returns to Santiago, Chile. [1]
- April 17
- William Henry Ireland forger (Shakespearean manuscripts), dies. [1]
- April 18
- William Lamb Lord Melbourne forms British government. [1]
- April 26
- Frédéric Chopins "Grand Polonaise Brillante", premieres in Paris France. [1]
- May 5
- King Leopold opens Brussels-Mechelen railway. [1]
- May 6
- First edition of New York Herald (price 1 cent). [1]
- May 12
- Charles Darwin visits copper mines in North Chile. [1]
- May 13
- First foreign embassy in Hawaii is established. [1]
- John Nash British town planner/architect (Regent's Park), dies. [1]
- May 14
- Charles Darwin reaches Coquimbo in Northern Chile. [1]
- May 16
- Felicia Dorothea Hemans poet/hymn writer, dies. [1]
- June 1
- 6th national black convention (Philadelphia). [1]
- June 2
- P.T. Barnum and his circus begin first tour of US. [1]
- June 25
- First building constructed at Yerba Buena (now San Francisco). [1]
- July 6
- In Vicksburg, Mississippi, local militia hangs five gamblers following months of trouble, culminating in the murder of a doctor and armed resistance to the law. [187.252] [565.59]
- July 25
- In Dundee, Scotland, scientist James Bowman Lindsay successfully creates a practical electric lamp in a sealed glass jar. [55.54]
- July 26
- First sugar cane plantation started in Hawaii. [1]
- July 29
- First sugar plantation in Hawaii begins. [1]
- August 10
- Mob of whites and oxen pulled black school to a swamp out of Canaan New Hampshire. [1]
- August 11
- George B Airy begins 46-year reign as England's Astronomer Royal. [1]
- August 18
- Last Pottawatomie Indians leave Chicago. [1]
- August 25
- Ann Rutledge said to be Lincoln's true love, dies in Illinois at age 22. [1]
- New York Sun publishes Moon hoax story about John Herschel. [1]
- September 26
- The opera "Lucia di Lammermoor" is produced (Naples). [1]
- November 2
- Second Seminole War begins in Osceola. [1]
- November 13
- In Belley, Dept. de l'Ain, France, a fireball sets fire to a barn. [521]
- November 23
- Henry Burden patents Horseshoe manufacturing machine, Troy, New York. [1]
- December 1
- Hans Christian Andersen published his first book of fairy tales. [1]
- December 3
- First US mutual fire insurance company issues first policy (Rhode Island). [1]
- December 5
- August von Platen writer, dies at age 39. [1]
- December 7
- German railway Neurenberg-Fürth opens. [1]
- December 16
- Fire consumes over 600 buildings in New York City, New York. [1]
- December 18
- Johann Georg Anton Mederitsch-Gallus composer, dies at age 82. [1]
- December 19
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin approaches New Zealand. [1]
- December 21
- HMS Beagle sails into Bay of Islands (New Zealand). [1]
- December 25
- Charles Darwin company celebrates Christmas in Pahia, New Zealand. [1]
- December 29
- Charles-Joseph Tolbecque composer, dies at age 29. [1]
- December 30
- After gold discovery in Georgia, Cherokees are forced to move across Mississippi River. [1]
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin sails from New Zealand to Sydney. [1]
1836
- January 3
- Friedrich Witt composer, dies at age 65. [1]
- January 5
- Davy Crockett arrives in Texas, just in time for the Alamo. [1]
- January 12
- Battle of Wetumka Florida. [1]
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reach Sydney Australia. [1]
- January 30
- Death of Betsy Ross; made American flag. [5]
- February 3
- Whig Party holds its first national convention (Albany New York). [1]
- February 6
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reach Diemen's Land (Tasmania). [1]
- February 7
- "Sketches by Boz" (essays) published by Charles Dickens. [1]
- February 22
- Dutch garrison evacuates fort Du Bus New Guinea. [1]
- John Clarke-Whitfeld composer, dies at age 65. [1]
- February 23
- Alamo besieged by Santa Anna; entire garrison eventually killed. [1]
- February 24
- 3,000 Mexicans attack 182 Texans at the Alamo, lasts 13 days. [1]
- Dániel Berzsenyi Hungarian poet, dies at age 59. [1]
- In San Antonio, Texas, Colonel William Travis issues a call for help on behalf of the Texan troops defending the Alamo, a fortress under attack by the Mexican army. [129]
- February 25
- Samuel Colt patents first revolving barrel multishot firearm. [1]
- February 29
- Giacomo Meyerbeer's (Jakob Liebmann Beer) opera "Les Huguenots" premieres in Paris (Théâtre de l'Opéra, Paris). [1]
- March 2
- Republic of Texas declares independence from Mexico. [1] [400.94]
- March 5
- Samuel Colt manufactures first pistol, .34-caliber "Texas" model. [1] [5]
- March 6
- Mexican forces storm the Alamo through a gap in the fort's outer wall. [129]
- After a thirteen day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 187 Texas volunteers defending the Alamo are defeated and the fort captured. [1] [5]
- Davy Crockett, US pioneer (Alamo), killed in battle at age 49. [1]
- HMS Beagle/Darwin reaches King George's Sound, Australia. [1]
- March 16
- Texas approves a constitution. [1]
- March 17
- Texas abolishes slavery. [1]
- March 23
- Coin Press invented by Franklin Beale. [1]
- March 27
- First Mormon temple dedicated (Kirtland Ohio). [1]
- April 1
- Charles Darwin aboard HMS Beagle reaches Cocos Islands. [1]
- April 14
- US Congress forms Territory of Wisconsin. [1]
- April 20
- Johan I Jozef monarch of Liechtenstein/fieldmarshal, dies at age 75. [1]
- Territory of Wisconsin created. [1]
- April 21
- Battle of San Jacinto, in which Texas wins independence from México. [1] [605.64]
- May 6
- Christian Ignatius Latrobe composer, dies at age 78. [1]
- May 7
- Norbert Burgmuller composer, dies at age 26. [1]
- May 9
- HMS Beagle with Charles Darwin departs Port Louis, Mauritius. [1]
- May 14
- Texas officially becomes an independent republic. [129]
- May 15
- Francis Baily observes "Baily's Beads" during annular solar eclipse. [1]
- May 22
- Felix Mendelssohn's oratorium "St Paul" premieres in Düsseldorf. [1]
- May 28
- Anton Reicha composer, dies at age 66. [1]
- May 31
- HMS Beagle anchors in Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope. [1]
- June 15
- Arkansas is admitted to the USA as the 25th state. [1] [505.44] [551.18] [605.66] [680.58]
- June 17
- Government of France resolves to close gambling clubs December 31, 1837. [187.192]
- June 28
- James Madison fourth US pres, dies in Montpelier, Virginia. [1]
- July 4
- Wisconsin Territory formed. [1]
- July 13
- US patent #1 (after 9,957 unnumbered patents), for locomotive wheels. [1]
- July 21
- First Canadian railroad opens, between Laprairie and Saint John, Québec. [1]
- July 27
- Adelaide, South Australia founded. [1]
- July 30
- First English newspaper published in Hawaii. [1]
- September 1
- Reconstruction begins on Synagogue of Rabbi Judah Hasid in Jerusalem. [1]
- September 5
- Sam Houston elected president of the Republic of Texas. [1]
- September 14
- US Vice President Aaron Burr dies. [1] [5]
- October 2
- Charles Darwin returns from his voyage on the HMS Beagle. [1] [5]
- October 22
- Sam Houston inaugurated as first elected president of Republic of Texas. [1]
- October 24
- The match is patented. [1]
- November 10
- Louis Napoleon banished to America. [1]
- December 4
- Daniel Read composer, dies at age 79. [1]
- Whig party holds its first national convention, Harrisburg Pennsylvania. [1]
- December 7
- Martin Van Buren elected 8th President. [1]
- December 11
- In Macaé, Brazil, a falling meteorite damages several homes and kills several oxen. [521]
- December 12
- Giuseppe Farinelli composer, dies at age 67. [1]
- December 15
- Patent Office burns in Washington DC. [1]
- December 26
- Hans Georg Nageli composer, dies at age 63. [1]
- December 27
- Stephen Fuller Austin founder of state of Texas, dies at age 43. [1]
- Worst English avalanche kills eight of 15 buried (Lewes Sussex). [1]
- December 28
- Spain recognizes independence of México. [1]
- December 29
- Johann Baptist Schenk composer, dies at age 83. [1]
- December 30
- Lehman-theater in Saint Petersburg catches fire; 100s die. [1]
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