References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2008 June 28.

79-1804	1805-1899	1900-1949	1950-1969	1970-1979	1980-1984	1985-1989	1990-1994	1995-1999	2000-2004
2005-end

1805 June 5 First recorded tornado in "Tornado Alley" (Southern Illinois). [1] 1810 June 3 In Dublin, Ireland, Robert Mallet is born; engineer, inventor of the word seismology, considered the "first" seismologist. [53] 1811 December 16 In New Madrid, Missouri, a magnitude 7.2 - 8.1 earthquake occurs, the most violent and prolonged earthquake in the US Midwest region. [1] [53] [1] 1812 January 23 In New Madrid Area, Missouri, a magnitude 7.0 - 7.8 earthquake occurs, one of the largest earthquakes in the United States. [1] [53] February 7 In New Madrid, Missouri, a magnitude 7.4 - 8.2 earthquake occurs, the largest historical earthquake in Missouri. The town of New Madrid is destroyed. [1] [53] March 3 US Congress passes first foreign aid bill (aids Venezuela earthquake vicitims). [1] March 26 In Venezuela, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurs, destroying 90 percent of the city of Caracas. 26,000 killed. [1] [53] May 25 Earthquake destroys Caracas Venezuela. [1] August 1 A rare tornado hits Westchester County, New York. [1] December 8 In Southern California, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs, destroying the San Juan Capistrano Church and damaging several mission buildings. Forty people attending church services killed. [53] December 21 In Santa Barbara Channel, California, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. [53] 1814 February 1 Volcano Mayon on Luzon Philippines erupts killing 1,200. [1] 1815 April 5 Eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa Java). [1] 1819 June 16 In Kachchh (Rann of Kutch), Gujarat, India, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs. 1,500 - 2,000 killed. [53] 1822 October 8 First eruption of Galunggung (Java) sends boiling sludge into valley. [1] October 12 Second eruption of Galunggung (Java) destroys summit of mountain. [1] 1825 February 3 Dutch North Sea coast floods. [1] June 4 Unseasonable hurricane hits New York City. [1] 1828 February 18 More than 100 vessels destroyed in a storm, Gibraltar. [1] December 28 6.8 earthquake strikes Echigo Japan, 30,000 killed. [1] 1829 April 9 Danzig (Gdansk) dike break flood kills 1,200. [1] 1834 August 18 Mt Vesuvius erupts. [1] 1835 February 20 In Chile, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake occurs. Extreme damage to Concepción. [1] [53] 1836 December 27 Worst English avalanche kills eight of 15 buried (Lewes Sussex). [1] 1837 January 22 Earthquake in southern Syria kills thousands. [1] 1839 January 6 Two-day storm off Irish and English coast immortalized as "The Big Wind". [1] January 11 Earthquake at Martinique destroys half of Port Royal-700 die. [1] 1840 May 7 Tornado strikes Natchez Mississippi, kills 317. [1] 1842 November 22 Mount Saint Helens in Washington, erupts. [1] 1843 January 5 In Marked Tree, Arkansas, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. Strongest to occur in the region since the 1811-12 sequence. Damage was severe at Memphis, Tennessee; the earth sank in places near New Madrid, Missouri. [53] July 2 An alligator falls from the sky during a Charleston South Carolina thunderstorm. [1] November 13 Mt Rainier in Washington State erupts. [1] 1850 March 29 Ireland's SS Royal Adelaide sinks in storm; 200 die. [1] May 21 In Milan, Italy, Giuseppe Mercalli is born; volcanologist and seismologist, Inventor of the Mercalli Intensity Scale (1902). [53] May 27 Mormon Temple in Nauvoo Illinois destroyed by tornado. [1] December 30 In Liverpool, England, John Milne born; organized a seismic survey of Japan, recognized the importance of improving the seismogram. hypothesized that it should be possible to detect seismic waves from a large earthquake occurring anywhere on Earth, designed several types of seismometers. [53] 1854 April 16 San Salvador destroyed by earthquake. [1] 1855 January 23 In Wellington, New Zealand, a magnitude 8.0 - 8.2 earthquake occurs. Four people died, one in Wellington and three in Wairarapa. [53] 1856 August 10 Hurricane washes away 2-300 revelers at Last Island, Louisiana. [1] 1857 January 9 In Fort Tejon, California, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurs on the San Andreas fault, which ruptured a distance of about 300 kilometers. [1] [53] March 21 Earthquake hits Tokyo; about 107,000 die. [1] December 16 In Naples, Italy, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. 11,000 dead. [1] [53] 1858 July 31 In Dublin, Ireland, Richard Dixon Oldham is born; geologist and seismologist, discovered the evidence for the existence of the Earth's core. [53] 1859 August 28 A geomagnetic storm causes the Aurora Borealis to shine so brightly that it is seen clearly over parts of USA, Europe and as far afield as Japan. [5] 1860 July 9 Temperature hits 115 degrees F in Fort Scott and 112 degrees F in Topeka Kansas. [1] 1861 February 20 Steeple of Chichester Cathedral blown down during a storm. [1] December 26 In Tilsit, Germany, Emil Wiechert is born; pioneer in the science of seismology. [53] December 31 22,990 mm of rain falls in Cherrapunji Assam in 1861, world record. [1] 1863 December 4 Storm flood ravages Nethe coastal provinces. [1] 1864 June 11 300' (90 m) of Meigg's Wharf washed away in storm. [1] October 5 Most of Calcutta destroyed by cyclone (approx 60,000 die). [1] 1865 August 17 Near Memphis, Tennessee, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurs. Felt from St. Louis, Missouri, to Jackson, Mississippi. [53] October 8 In Santa Cruz Mountains, California, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs; severe damage in several towns. [1] [53] 1866 January 11 Steamship London sinks in storm off Land's End England, kills 220. [1] 1867 March 11 Great Mauna Loa eruption (Hawaiian volcano). [1] April 24 In Manhattan, Kansas, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurs. [53] 1868 March 29 In Ka'u District, Hawaii, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. [53] April 2 In Ka'u District, Island of Hawaii, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurs. This earthquake caused 77 deaths (tsunami, 46; landslide, 31). [53] April 3 An Hawaiian surfs on highest wave ever, he rides a 50' tidal wave. [1] August 8 Quake destroys Arica Chile. [1] August 13 In Peru and Bolivia, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake occurs. 25,000 killed. Damage extreme (US$300 million). [1] [53] October 21 Severe earthquake at 7:53 AM, centered in Hayward, California. [1] 1870 October 20 In Canada, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs, centered between Montreal and Quebec in the Saint Lawrence Valley. The shock was felt over an area estimated to be at least a million square miles including Sault Sainte Marie. [53] 1871 February 20 In Molokai, Hawaii, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. This earthquake caused severe damage on the islands of Lanai, Molokai, and Maui, and minor damage on Hawaii and Oahu. [53] June 13 Hurricane kills 300 in Labrador. [1] 1872 January 28 In Samaxi (Shemakha), Azerbaijan (Azerbaydzhan, Russia), a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. 188 killed. Samaxi almost completely destroyed; about 30,000 people left homeless. [53] March 26 In Owens Valley, California, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. [1] [53] April 24 Volcano Vesuvius erupts. [1] December 15 Near Lake Chelan, Washington, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. [53] 1873 April 1 British White Star passenger steamship Atlantic sinks in a storm off Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 585 die. [1] [71.28] 1875 May 16 Quake in Venezuela and Colombia kills 16,000. [1] November 2 In Northern Georgia, USA, a magnitude 4.3 earthquake occurs. [53] 1877 January 30 Storm flood ravages Dutch coastal provinces. [1] May 10 In Chile, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs, producing a 24 metre tsunami that caused extensive damage along the Peru-Chile coast. The tsunami was observed at all the islands of the Hawaiian archipelago, and caused fatalities in Hawaii and Japan. [53] November 15 In Eastern Nebraska, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurs. [53] 1879 January 13 In St. Augustine, Florida, a large magnitude earthquake occurs. Felt from Daytona Beach to Savannah, Georgia. [53] May 30 92 degrees F highest temperature ever recorded in Cleveland Ohio in May. [1] 1880 February 22 In Yokohama, Japan, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake occurs. [53] 1881 August 4 In Seville, Spain, a European record hot temperature of 122 degrees F (50 degrees C) is recorded. [1] [54] September 11 Triple landslides bury Elm Switz. [1] 1882 June 6 Cyclone in Arabian Sea (Bombay India) drowns 100,000. [1] June 16 17" hailstones weighing 1.75 pounds fall in Dubuque Iowa. [1] June 17 Tornado kills 130 in Iowa. [1] October 22 In Southeast Oklahoma, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake occurs. [53] November 7 Near Denver, Colorado, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. [53] 1883 July 28 In Ischia, Italy, volcano Epomeo erupts, causing a magnitude 5.6 earthquake. The thermal resort of Casamicciola is devastated, over 2,000 people killed, over 1,200 houses were destroyed. [1] [53] August 26 Krakatoa erupts with increasingly large explosions; kills 36,000. [1] August 27 Krakatoa, west of Java, explodes with a force of 1,300 megatons. [1] August 29 Seismic sea waves created by the Krakatoa eruption create a rise in the English Channel 32 hours after the explosion. [1] 1884 February 19 Tornadoes in Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana kill 800 people. [1] August 10 In New York City, New York, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. The total felt area was estimated at 181,000 square kilometers. [53] August 28 First known photograph of a tornado is made near Howard, South Dakota, USA. [1] [5] 1886 July 10 Eruption of Tarawera volcano destroys famous pink and white. [1] August 31 First major earthquake recorded in eastern US, at Charleston, South Carolina. [1] In Charleston, South Carolina, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. [53] October 12 Hurricane and sea surge kills 250 at Indianola Texas. [1] 1887 February 23 French/Italian Riviera struck by Earthquake; 2,000 die. [1] May 3 In Sonora, Mexico, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. [53] June 8 In Almaty (Vernyy), Kazakhstan (Turkestan, Russia), a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. Almaty destroyed; many fissures, landslides and mudslides observed. [53] 1888 April 30 Hailstones kill about 250 in Moradabad district of Delhi India. [1] May 13 In Denmark, Inge Lehmann is born; discovered the inner core of the Earth, a zone of solid materal, at a depth of 5150 km, in the early 1930s. She died in 1993 at the age of 105. [53] July 15 Bandai volcano (Japan) erupts for first time in 1,000 years. [1] September 1 In North Canterbury, New Zealand, a magnitude 7.0-7.3 earthquake occurs. [53] 1889 January 16 In Cloncurry, Queensland, an Australian record hot temperature of 128 degrees F (53 degrees C) is recorded. [1] [54] February 8 Flood ravages Dutch coast. [1] April 18 In Potsdam, germany, Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz makes the first known recordings of a distant earthquake, taken place in Tokyo, Japan, an hour earlier. [53] May 31 Johnstown Flood; 2,209 die in Pennsylvania. [1] June 12 Single tornado kills 119, injures 146 (New Richmond Wisc). [1] 1890 July 20 Snow and hail in Calais, Maine. [1] 1891 April 22 In Fatfield, Durham, England, Harold Jeffreys is born. [53] July 5 Hail kills six horses in Rapid City, South Dakota. [1] October 28 In Mino-Owari, Japan, an approximate magnitude 8 earthquake occurs. Over 7,000 deaths. The earthquake caused damage over a 4200 square mile area. 130,000 houses were destroyed. [1] [53] 1892 February 7 In Verkhoyansk, Russia, an Asian record cold temperature of -90 degrees F is recorded. [54] February 24 In Imperial Valley, California, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. At the old Carrizo station in San Diego County, all adobe buildings were destroyed. [53] 1893 October 1 Third worst hurricane in US history kills 1,800 (Mississippi). [1] October 27 Hurricane hits coast between Savannah Georgia and Charleston South Carolina. [1] 1894 December 22 Dutch coast hit by hurricane. [1] December 24 Scheveningse fishing boats destroyed by storm. [1] 1895 October 31 In Charleston, Missouri, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. [53] 1896 May 14 Lowest US temperature in May recorded (-10 degrees F - Climax CO). [1] May 15 Tornado kills 78 in Texas. [1] May 27 First major tornado to strike urban US (Saint Louis and E Saint Louis Missouri); killing 255 and leaving thousands homeless. [1] June 15 Off Sanriku, Japan, a magnitude 8.5 earthquake occurs. 28,000 people were killed and 170 miles of coastline were destroyed by the resulting 25-metre (80-foot) tsunami. In Hawaii, wharves were demolished. In California, a 9.5-foot wave was observed. [1] [53] June 16 Temperture hits 127 degrees F at Fort Mojave, California. [1] 1897 May 31 In Giles County, Virginia, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. [53] June 12 In Assam, India, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs. Complete devastation of over 9,000 square miles and was felt over 1.75 million square miles. Over 1500 deaths. [1] [53] June 24 Hail injures 26 in Topeka Kansas. [1] 1898 June 29 In Near Islands, Alaska, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurs. [53] 1899 February 10 -39 degrees F (-39 degrees C), Milligan Ohio (state lowest temperature record). [1] February 11 -61 degrees F (-52 degrees C), Montana (record low temperature). [1] April 16 West of Eureka, California, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. [53] June 29 Brazo River in Texas floods 12 miles wide causing $10 mil damage. [1] July 14 In Cook Inlet, Alaska, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. [53] September 4 In Near Cape Yakataga, Alaska, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurs. [53] September 10 In Yakutat Bay, Alaska, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurs. [1] [53] September 20 In Menderes Valley, Turkey (Ottoman Empire), a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. 1,100 deaths. Severe damage to buildings, bridges, railroad and telegraph lines; many landslides. [53] September 23 In Cape Yakataga, Alaska, a magnitude 6.9 - 7.0 earthquake occurs. [53] December 25 In Hemet-San Jacinto, California, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. [53]