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"WW III? No thanks...!" On-Line Library

What is an appropropriate response?
Political and philosophical considerations after the attack on the Word Trade Center

Understanding Osama bin Laden

William O. Beeman,
Pacific News Service
September 12, 2001

Providence, Rhode Island -- The United States risks a severe 
miscalculation in dealing with the destruction of the World Trade Center 
and the attack on the Pentagon on Tuesday.

This event is not an isolated instance of violence. This is not an "act of
war." It is one symptom of a cancer that threatens to metastasize.

The root cause is not terrorist activity, as has been widely stated. It is
the relationship between the United States and the Islamic world. Until 
this central cancerous problem is treated, Americans will never be free 
from fear.

Merely locating and hunting down a single "guilty party" in this case will
not stop future violence: such an action will not destroy the organization 
of terrorist cells already established throughout the world. Of greater 
importance, it will do nothing to alleviate the residual enmity against 
America.

The perpetrators of the original attack on the World Trade Center in 1993 
were caught and convicted. This did not stop the attack on Tuesday.

The chief suspect is the Saudi Arabian Osama bin Laden, or his surrogates.
He has been mischaracterized as an anti-American terrorist. He should 
rather be thought of as someone who would do anything to protect Islam.

Bin Laden began his career fighting the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan 
in 1979, when he was 22 years old. He has not only resisted the Soviets, 
but also the Serbians in Yugoslavia. His anger was directed against the 
United States primarily because of the U.S. presence in the Gulf region, 
more particularly in Saudi Arabia itself -- the site of the most sacred 
Islamic religious sites.

According to bin Laden, during the Gulf War America co-opted the rulers of
Saudi Arabia to establish a military presence in order to kill Muslims in 
Iraq. In a religious decree issued in 1998, he gave religious legitimacy 
to attacks on Americans in order to stop the United States from "occupying
the lands of Islam in the holiest of places." His decree also extends to 
Jerusalem, home of the sacred Muslim site the al-Aqsa Mosque.

Bin Laden will not cease his opposition until the United States leaves the
region. Paradoxically, his strategy for convincing the United States to do 
so seems drawn from the American foreign policy playbook. When the United 
States disapproves of the behavior of another nation, it "turns up the 
heat" on that nation through embargoes, economic sanctions or withdrawal 
of diplomatic representation. In the case of Iraq following the Gulf War, 
America employed military action, resulting in the loss of civilian life.

The State Department has theorized that if the people of a rogue nation 
experience enough suffering, they will overthrow their rulers, or compel 
them to adopt more sensible behavior.

The terrorist actions in New York and Washington are a clear and ironic 
implementation of this strategy against the United States.

Bin Laden takes no credit for actions emanating from his training camps in
Afghanistan. A true ideologue, he believes that his mission is sacred, and 
he wants only to see clear results. For this reason, the structure of his 
organization is essentially tribal, or cellular, in modern political terms.
His followers are as fervent and intense in their belief as he is. They 
carry out their actions because they believe in the rightness of their 
cause, not because of bin Laden's orders or approval. Groups are trained 
in Afghanistan, and then establish their own centers in places as 
far-flung as Canada, Africa and Europe. Each cell is technologically 
sophisticated, and may have a different set of motivations for attacking 
the United States.

Palestinian members of his group see Americans as supporters of Israel in 
the current conflict between the two nations. In the Palestinian view, 
Ariel Sharon's ascendancy to leadership of Israel has triggered a new era,
with U.S. government officials failing to pressure the Israeli government 
to end violence against Palestinians. Palestinian cell members will not 
cease their opposition until the United States changes its relationship 
with the Israeli state.

Above all, Americans need to remember that the rest of the world has an 
absolute right to self-determination that is as defensible as our own. A 
despicable act of terror such as that committed in New York and Washington
is a measure of the revulsion that others feel at U.S. actions that 
seemingly limit those rights. If we perpetuate a cycle of hate and revenge,
this conflict will escalate into a war that our great-grandchildren will
be fighting.

William O. Beeman is a specialist on Middle East culture at Brown 
University. He has worked for the past four years in Tajikistan, where he 
has monitored developments in Afghanistan.

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Source:
http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=11487